Web 2.0の出現により、動的テクノロジーが広く利用できるようになり、2000年代半ばまでに、PHPとMySQLは（ Apacheやnginxとともに）多くのサイトのバックボーンとなり、プログラミングの知識をWebに公開する必要がなくなりました。ブログ、ポータル、ウィキは、専門家、アマチュア、企業が知識管理を行うための一般的な電子的配信方法となり、2001年1月15日に開始されたオンライン百科事典Wikipediaの成功に代表される。Wikipediaは急速に成長し、インターネット上で最大かつ最も人気のある一般的な参考書となり[184] [185]、世界で最も有名なウィキ、世界最大の百科事典となった。
ホックニー＝ファルコ説は、芸術家のデイヴィッド・ホックニーと物理学者のチャールズ・M・ファルコによって提唱された、美術史における物議を醸した理論であり、ルネッサンス以降の西洋美術史における写実性と正確さの進歩は、芸術的技法や技能の発達のみによるものではなく、主にカメラ・オブスキュラ、カメラ・ルシーダ、曲面鏡などの光学的補助装置によるものだと示唆している。2001年の著書『 Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Lost Techniques of the Old Masters』で、ホックニーは巨匠たちの作品を分析し、彼らの作品に表れている精度のレベルは「目視」では作り出せないと主張した。それ以来、ホックニーとファルコは、光学的補助装置の使用の肯定的な証拠と、そのような方法の歴史的妥当性に関する多数の出版物を発表している。
2008年9月、ダミアン・ハーストは、長年のギャラリーを経由せずに、サザビーズで完全な展覧会「Beautiful Inside My Head Forever 」をオークションで販売するという、存命のアーティストとしては前例のない行動に出ました。オークションはすべての予想を上回り、1億1100万ポンド（1億9800万ドル）の収益を上げ、一人のアーティストのオークションの記録を破りました。
Dave Grohl of Foo Fighters performing in 2005. Foo Fighters are widely regarded as one of the most culturally significant rock bands of the 2000s.[325] The decade saw Foo Fighters win the Grammy Award for Best Rock Album a record-breaking three times; in 2001, 2004, and 2008.
In the 2000s, the Internet allowed consumers unprecedented access to music. The Internet also allowed more artists to distribute music relatively inexpensively and independently without the previously necessary financial support of a record label. Music sales began to decline following the year 2000, a state of affairs generally attributed to unlicensed uploading and downloading of sound files to the Internet, a practice which became more widely prevalent during this time. Business relationships called 360 deals—an arrangement in which a company provides support for an artist, and, in exchange, the artist pays the company a percentage of revenue earned not only from sales of recorded music, but also live performances and publishing—became a popular response by record labels to the loss of music sales attributed to online copyright infringement.[326][327]
Eminem (left) and Beyoncé were two of the best-selling musical artists and most-culturally significant figures of the decade, pictured here in 2003 and 2007 respectively.
For Latin music Shakira dominated the charts with Fijación Oral, Vol. 1 being the 2nd best-selling Spanish album of all-time and the best-selling Spanish album of the 2000s being 11× platinum to date.
Billboard magazine named Eminem as the "artist of the decade" with the best performance on the Billboard charts[337][note 2] and Beyoncé as the "female artist of the decade", with Nickelback as the "band of the decade".[339][340] In the UK, the biggest selling artist of the decade was Robbie Williams and the biggest selling band of the decade was Westlife.
In 2002, Robbie Williams signed a record-breaking £80 million contract with EMI.[344] So far it is the biggest music deal in British history.
The 2000s gave rise to a new trend in music production with the growing use of auto-tune. The effect was first popularized in the early 2000s by Eiffel 65 with their 1998 hit song "Blue (Da Ba Dee)", which came to global prominence in 2000. It was also used in certain tracks off critically acclaimed 2001 albums from Daft Punk (with Discovery) and Radiohead (with Amnesiac).[327] By 2008, auto-tune was part of the music mainstream with artists such as Lil Wayne, T-Pain and Kanye West utilizing it in their hit albums Tha Carter III, Three Ringz and 808s & Heartbreak respectively. Towards the end of the decade, electronic dance music began to dominate western charts (as it would proceed to in the following decade), and in turn helped contribute to a diminishing amount of rock music in the mainstream.[345][346]Hip hop music also saw a decline in the mainstream in the late 2000s because of electronic music's rising popularity.[347]
According to The Guardian, music styles during the 2000s changed very little from how they were in the latter half of the 1990s.[348] The 2000s had a profound impact on the condition of music distribution. Recent advents in digital technology have fundamentally altered industry and marketing practices as well as players in unusual rapidity.[349][350][351] According to Nielsen Soundscan, by 2009 CDs accounted for 79 percent of album sales, with 20 percent coming from digital, representing both a 10 percent drop and gain for both formats in 2 years.[352]
The general socio-political fallout of Iraq War also extended to popular music. In July 2002, the release of English musician George Michael's song "Shoot the Dog" proved to be controversial. It was critical of George W. Bush and Tony Blair in the lead up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The video showed a cartoon version of Michael astride a nuclear missile in the Middle East and Tony and Cherie Blair in bed with President Bush. The Dixie Chicks are an American country music band. During a London concert ten days before the 2003 invasion of Iraq, lead vocalist Maines said, "we don't want this war, this violence, and we're ashamed that the President of the United States [George W. Bush] is from Texas".[355] The positive reaction to this statement from the British audience contrasted with the boycotts that ensued in the U.S., where "the band was assaulted by talk-show conservatives",[356] while their albums were discarded in public protest.[356] The original music video for the title song from American pop singer Madonna's American Life album was banned as music television stations thought that the video, featuring violence and war imagery, would be deemed unpatriotic since America was then at war with Iraq. She also made her widely considered "comeback" album with her tenth studio album Confessions on a Dance Floor which topped the charts worldwide in a record 40 countries. As of 2016 the album has sold more than 11 million copies worldwide. Madonna also made history by completing her Sticky & Sweet Tour which became the highest-grossing tour by a female artist and the tenth highest-grossing tour by an artist during 2008–2009.[357]
Live 8 was a string of benefit concerts that took place on July 2, 2005, in the G8 states and in South Africa. They were timed to precede the G8 conference and summit held at the Gleneagles Hotel in Auchterarder, Scotland from July 6 to 8, 2005; they also coincided with the 20th anniversary of Live Aid. Run in support of the aims of the UK's Make Poverty History campaign and the Global Call for Action Against Poverty, ten simultaneous concerts were held on July 2 and one on July 6. On July 7, the G8 leaders pledged to double 2004 levels of aid to poor nations from US$25 billion to US$50 billion by the year 2010. Half of the money was to go to Africa. More than 1,000 musicians performed at the concerts, which were broadcast on 182 television networks and 2,000 radio networks.[358]
In November 2006, the Rolling Stones' 'A Bigger Bang' tour was declared the highest-grossing tour of all time, earning $437 million.
"...We want to thank everyone that participated in this incredible, organic, grass-roots campaign. It says more about the spontaneous action taken by young people throughout the UK to topple this very sterile pop monopoly."
During the late 2000s, a new wave of chiptune culture took place. This new culture has much more emphasis on live performances and record releases than the demoscene and tracker culture, of which the new artists are often only distantly aware.[359] Much of 2000s hip hop was characterized as the "bling era", following the success of B.G.'s 1999 single Bling Bling, referring to forms of opulence and the material commodities that were popular from the early-to-mid part of the decade in hip-hop culture.[360][361][362] However, by the end of the decade, an antecedent emotional rap subgenre gained prominence, with musical projects like Kanye West's fourth studio album 808s & Heartbreak (2008), Kid Cudi's debut album Man on the Moon: The End of Day (2009), and Drake's career catalyzing mixtape So Far Gone (2009) garnering significant popularity and ushering in a new era of hip hop.[363]
Reunions
The original five members of the English new wave band Duran Duran reunited in the early 2000s.
On February 23, 2003, Simon and Garfunkel reunited to perform in public for the first time in a decade, singing "The Sound of Silence" as the opening act of the Grammy Awards.[364]
On May 9, 2006, British five-piece vocal pop Take That returned to the recorded music scene after more than ten years of absence, signing with Polydor Records. The band's comeback album, Beautiful World, entered the UK album chart at no. 1.[365]
On December 10, 2007, English rock band Led Zeppelin reunited for the one-off Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert at The O2 Arena in London. According to Guinness World Records 2009, Led Zeppelin set the world record for the "Highest Demand for Tickets for One Music Concert" as 20 million requests for the reunion show were rendered online.[366]
Wisdom of the crowd – during the decade, the benefits of the "Wisdom of the crowd" are pushed into the spotlight by social information sites such as Wikipedia, Yahoo! Answers, Reddit and other web resources that rely on human opinion.[367]
In early 2001, Wikipedia was launched, which quickly became the largest and most popular online encyclopedia, and one of the most viewed sites on the web. In 2003, the first beta version of the Skype telephony software was launched. By the end of the decade, Skype will have over 600 million users. In 2004, the social network Facebook was launched. By the end of the decade, the site will be ranked 7th in its popularity on the web, and will have over 350 million active users worldwide. Co-founder Mark Zuckerberg pictured above in the site's infancy. YouTube was launched in 2005 and it quickly became the main site for video sharing,
MySpace was one of the most popular social media sites in the 2000s but declined after the popularity of Facebook in 2008. Facebook launched in 2004. In 2008, Facebook surpassed MySpace as the most used social network. Facebook was mostly used by college students. Twitter was founded in 2006, and by 2009, moved up to the third-highest-ranking social networking site. WhatsApp, founded in 2009, rose to success and was eventually purchased by Facebook in the next decade.
Fashion
Paris Hilton was a fashion icon of the 2000s.Mountain Dew bottles and cans from the 2000s decade, c. 2007
Fashion trends of the decade drew much inspiration from 1960s, 1970s and 1980s styles. Hair styles included the bleached and spiked hair for boys and men and long and straight hair for girls and women continued, as well as many other hairstyles from the mid-late 1990s. Kelly Clarkson made chunky highlights fashionable in 2002 on American Idol and lasted until about 2007.[368] Both women and men highlighted their hair until the late 2000s.[369]
The decade started with the futuristic Y2K fashion which was built on hype surrounding the new millennium. This dark, slinky style remained popular until 9/11 occurred and casual fashions had made a comeback once again.[370]Low rise pants were the go-to for women in the early to mid 2000s. Baggy cargo pants were extremely popular among both sexes[371] throughout the early and mid 2000s until about late 2007. Bell-bottoms were the dominant pant style for women until about 2006 when fitted pants began rising in popularity.[372] The late 1990s-style baggy pants remained popular throughout the early 2000s, but by 2003 boot-cut pants and jeans became the standard among men[373] until about 2008.
The 2000s saw a revival of 1980s fashion trends such as velour tracksuits in the early 2000s (an early 1980s fashion), and tapered pants in the later years (a late 1980s fashion). Skinny jeans became a staple clothing for young women and men. By 2009 with the Jerkin' movement playing a large part in the popularization of skinny jeans. Mass brands Gap and Levi launched their own lines for skinny jeans.[374][375]
Throughout the early and mid 2000s, adults and children wore Skechers shoes.[376] The company used many celebrities to their advantage, including Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Carrie Underwood, and Ashlee Simpson.[376] By the late 2000s, flatter and more compact shoes came into style as chunky sneakers were no longer the mode.
"Geek chic" refers to a minor fashion trend that arose in the mid-2000s in which young individuals adopted stereotypically "geeky" fashions, such as oversized black Horn-rimmed glasses, suspenders/braces, and highwater trousers. The glasses—worn with non-prescription lenses or without lenses—quickly became the defining aspect of the trend, with the media identifying various celebrities as "trying geek" or "going geek" for their wearing such glasses, such as David Beckham,[377]Justin Timberlake[378] and Myleene Klass.[379] Meanwhile, in the sports world, many NBA players wore "geek glasses" during post-game interviews, drawing comparisons to Steve Urkel.[380][381]
Emo fashion became popular amongst teenagers for most of the 2000s, associated with the success of bands tied to the subculture (many of whom started at the beginning of the 2000s and rose to fame during the middle part of the decade, such as Brand New, The Used, Hawthorne Heights, My Chemical Romance, Fall Out Boy, Paramore, Panic! at the Disco and more). The style is commonly identified with wearing black/dark coloured skinny jeans, T-shirts bearing the name of emo music groups and long side-swept bangs, often covering one or both eyes.[382] The Scene subculture that emerged in the mid-late 2000s drew much inspiration from Emo style.[383]
Hip hop fashion was popular throughout the 2000s with clothing and shoe brands such as Rocawear, Phat Farm, G-Unit clothing, Billionaire Boys Club, Dipset clothing, Pelle Pelle, BAPE, Nike, Fubu, and Air Jordan. Followers of Hip Hop wore oversized shorts, jewelry, NFL and NBA jerseys, pants, and T-shirts. By the late 2000s this gave way more to fitted and vibrantly colored clothing, with men wearing skinny jeans as influenced by the Hyphy and Jerkin' movements.[384][better source needed]
In cosmetic applications, a Botox injection, consisting of a small dose of Botulinum toxin, can be used to prevent development of wrinkles by paralyzing facial muscles.[385] As of 2007, it is the most common cosmetic operation, with 4.6 million procedures in the United States, according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.
Caps with crop tops and low-rise pants were popular as women's wear throughout the early and mid 2000s
"It was, we were soon told, 'the day that changed everything', the 21st century's defining moment, the watershed by which we would forever divide world history: before, and after, 9/11." ~ The Guardian[386]
I do think that he and the newspapers he's run have introduced an uglier side, an abusive side, into journalism and life in general in this country.
He says this Murdochisation of national discourse, which was at its height in the UK with The Sun in the 1980s, has now migrated to the US. "Murdoch encouraged an ugly tone, which he has now imported into the US and which we see every day on Fox News, with all its concomitant effects on American public life – that fierce hostility between right and left that never used to be there, not to anything remotely like the same extent."[387]
October 2001, Canadian author and social activist known for her political analyses Naomi Klein's book titled Fences and Windows:
On September 11, [2001] watching TV replays of the buildings exploding over and over again in New York and Washington, I couldn't help thinking about all the times media coverage has protected us from similar horrors elsewhere. During the Gulf War, for instance, we didn't see real buildings exploding or people fleeing, we saw a sterile Space Invader battlefield, a bomb's-eye view of concrete targets – there and then none. Who was in those abstract polygons? We never found out.[388]
So, Talking Points urges the Pentagon to stop the P.R. dance and impose strict rules of conduct for the Iraqi people to follow. Law-abiding Iraqis want that. It's only the gangsters and the fanatics who don't. Shoot looters to kill, and aim well. And that's The Memo.[390]
A poll released in 2004, by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, found that 21 percent of people aged 18 to 29 cited The Daily Show (an American late night satirical television program airing each Monday through Thursday) and Saturday Night Live (an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show) as a place where they regularly learned presidential campaign news. By contrast, 23 percent of the young people mentioned ABC, CBS or NBC's nightly news broadcasts as a source. When the same question was asked in 2000, Pew found only 9 percent of young people pointing to the comedy shows, and 39 percent to the network news shows. One newspaper, Newsday, has The Daily Show's host Jon Stewart, listed atop a list of the 20 media players who will most influence the upcoming presidential campaign. Random conversations with nine people, aged 19 to 26, waiting to see a taping of The Daily Show, revealed two who admitted they learned much about the news from the program. None said they regularly watched the network evening news shows.[391]
The Guardian, is a British national daily newspaper. In August 2004, for the US presidential election, The Guardian's daily "G2" supplement launched an experimental letter-writing campaign in Clark County, Ohio, an average-sized county in a swing state. G2 editor Ian Katz bought a voter list from the county for $25 and asked readers to write to people listed as undecided in the election, giving them an impression of the international view and the importance of voting against US President George W. Bush. The paper scrapped "Operation Clark County" on October 21, 2004, after first publishing a column of complaints from Bush supporters about the campaign under the headline "Dear Limey assholes".[392] The public backlash against the campaign likely contributed to Bush's victory in Clark County.[393]
March 2005 – Twenty MPs signed a British House of Commons motion condemning the BBCNewsnight presenter Jeremy Paxman for saying that "a sort of Scottish Raj" was running the UK. Mr Paxman likened the dominance of Scots at Westminster to past British rule in India.[394]
August 1, 2007 – News Corp. and Dow Jones entered into a definitive merger agreement. The US$5 billion sale added the largest newspaper in the United States, by circulation The Wall Street Journal to Rupert Murdoch's news empire.
August 30, 2008 – three years before the 2011 England riots, The Socialist Worker wrote: "Those who have responded to the tragedy of knife crime by calling for police crackdowns ought to take note. The criminalisation of a generation of black youth will undoubtedly lead to explosions of anger in the future, just as it did a generation ago with the riots that swept Britain's inner cities."[395]
I was going to have a few comments on the other Democratic presidential candidate, John Edwards, but it turns out that you have to go into rehab if you use the word 'faggot,' so I'm... so, kind of at an impasse, can't really talk about Edwards, so I think I'll just conclude here and take your questions.
In December 2008, Time magazine named Barack Obama as its Person of the Year for his historic candidacy and election, which it described as "the steady march of seemingly impossible accomplishments".[398]
Print media
The decade saw the steady decline of sales of print media such as books, magazines, and newspapers, as the main conveyors of information and advertisements, in favor of the Internet and other digital forms of information.[399][400][401]
News blogs grew in readership and popularity; cable news and other online media outlets became competitive in attracting advertising revenues and capable journalists and writers are joining online organizations. Books became available online, and electronic devices such as Amazon Kindle threatened the popularity of printed books.[402][403]
According to the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), the decade showed a continuous increase in reading, although circulation of newspapers has declined.[404]
Radio
The 2000s saw a decrease in the popularity of radio as more listeners starting using MP3 players in their cars to customize driving music. Satellite radio receivers started selling at a much higher rate, which allowed listeners to pay a subscription fee for thousands of ad-free stations. Clear Channel Communications was the largest provider of radio entertainment in the United States with over 900 stations nationwide. Many radio stations began streaming their content over the Internet, allowing a market expansion far beyond the reaches of a radio transmitter.
During the 2000s, FM radio faced its toughest competition ever for in-car entertainment. iPod, satellite radio, and HD radio were all new options for commuters. CD players had a steady decline in popularity throughout the 2000s but stayed prevalent in most vehicles, while cassette tapes became virtually obsolete.
August 27, 2001 – Hot 97 shock jock Star (real name Troi Torain) was suspended indefinitely for mocking R&B singer Aaliyah's death on the air. by playing a tape of a woman screaming while a crash is heard in the background. Close to 32,000 people signed a "No More Star" online petition.[405]
In a 2008 edition of his (American) radio show, John Gibson commented on Australian actor Heath Ledger's death the day before. He opened the segment with funeral music and played a clip of Jake Gyllenhaal's famous line "I wish I knew how to quit you" from Ledger's film Brokeback Mountain; he then said "Well, I guess he found out how to quit you." Among other remarks, Gibson called Ledger a "weirdo" with "a serious drug problem".[406] The next day, he addressed outcry over his remarks by saying that they were in the context of jokes he had been making for months about Brokeback Mountain, and that "There's no point in passing up a good joke."[407] Gibson later apologized on his television and radio shows.[408][409]
The decade has since seen a steady decline in the number of sitcoms and an increase in reality shows, crime and medical dramas, such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2000–2015), it's spinoffs CSI: Miami (2002–2012) and CSI: NY (2004–2013), NCIS (2003–present), Without a Trace (2002–2009), House M.D. (2004–2012), and Grey's Anatomy (2005–present), paranormal/crime shows like Medium (2005–2011) and Ghost Whisperer (2005–2010), and action/drama shows, including 24 (2001–2010) and Lost (2004–2009). Comedy-dramas became more serious, dealing with such hot button issues, such as drugs, teenage pregnancy, and gay rights. Popular comedy-drama programs include Desperate Housewives (2004–2012), Ugly Betty (2006–2010), and Glee (2009–2015).
The decade also saw the return of prime time soap operas, a genre that had been popular in the 1980s and early 1990s, including Dawson's Creek (1998–2003), The O.C. (2003–2007) and One Tree Hill (2003–2012). Desperate Housewives (2004–2012) was perhaps the most popular television series of this genre since Dallas and Dynasty in the 1980s. The medical soap opera Grey's Anatomy was another prime time serial that found immense success, helped by its original time slot following Desperate Housewives during its first two seasons, ER started in 1994 and ended its run on NBC in 2009, after 15 years, with its ratings sharply declining after Grey's Anatomy's premiere in 2005.
Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy:
Super Bowl XXXVIII, which was broadcast live on February 1, 2004, from Houston, Texas, on the CBS television network in the United States, was noted for a controversial halftime show in which singer Janet Jackson's breast, adorned with a nipple shield, was exposed by singer Justin Timberlake for about half a second, in what was later referred to as a "wardrobe malfunction". The incident, sometimes referred to as Nipplegate, was widely discussed. Along with the rest of the halftime show, it led to an immediate crackdown and widespread debate on perceived indecency in broadcasting.[416]
The X Factor in the UK has been subject to much controversy and criticism since its launch in September 2004.[417]The Jeremy Kyle Show, which launched a year later on the same network, ITV, was met with similar controversy. Both shows were cancelled in 2019, The X Factor due to low ratings, and in the case of The Jeremy Kyle Show due to the suicide of a recent participant on the programme.[418]
January 2005 – Jerry Springer: The Opera was the subject of controversy, when its UK television broadcast on BBC Two elicited 55,000 complaints. It was, at the time, the most complained about television event in the country ever, a record that is now held by ITV's Good Morning Britain.[419]
In May 2005, UK viewers inundated the Advertising Standards Authority with complaints regarding the continuous airing of the latest Crazy Frog advertisements. The intensity of the advertising was unprecedented in British television history. According to The Guardian, Jamster bought 73,716 spots across all TV channels in May alone — an average of nearly 2,378 slots daily — at a cost of about £8 million, just under half of which was spent on ITV. 87% of the population saw the Crazy Frog adverts an average of 26 times, 15% of the adverts appeared twice during the same advertising break and 66% were in consecutive ad breaks. An estimated 10% of the population saw the advert more than 60 times. This led to many members of the population finding the crazy frog, as its original name suggests, immensely irritating.[420][421]
Blue Peter (the world's longest-running children's television programme) rigged a phone-in competition supporting the UNICEF "Shoe Biz Appeal" on November 27, 2006. The person who appeared to be calling in the competition was actually a Blue Peter Team Player who was visiting that day. The visitor pretended to be a caller from an outside line who had won the phone-in and the chance to select a prize. The competition was rigged due to a technical error with receiving the calls.[422] In July 2007, Blue Peter was given a £50,000 fine, by the Office of Communications (OFCOM) as a result of rigging the competition.[423]
I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! is a reality television game show series, originally created in the United Kingdom, and licensed globally to other countries.
In its 2009 series, celebrity chef Gino D'Acampo killed, cooked and ate a rat. The Australian RSPCA investigated the incident and sought to prosecute D'Acampo and actor Stuart Manning for animal cruelty after this episode of the show was aired. ITV was fined £1,600 and the two celebrities involved were not prosecuted for animal cruelty despite being charged with the offense by the New South Wales Police.
Ended series
The PBS series Mister Rogers' Neighborhood aired its final episode on August 31, 2001. Two years later, its host and creator, Fred Rogers, died from stomach cancer.
Law & Order was a police procedural drama that premiered on NBC on September 13, 1990, and ran for 20 seasons. The show aired its series finale ("Rubber Room") on May 24, 2010, but later returned on February 24, 2022.
Tomorrow's World was a long-running BBC television series, showcasing new developments in the world of science and technology. First aired on July 7, 1965, on BBC1, it ran for 38 years until it was cancelled in early 2003.
That '70s Show was an American television period sitcom based on the 1970s decade. The 1970s retro style permeated the 2000s decade. The show ended on May 18, 2006.
Brookside is a British soap opera set in Liverpool, England, particularly well known for showcasing many topics that were considered taboo in English culture at the time, such as being the first television programme in the UK to show a lesbian kiss before the 9pm watershed. The series began on the launch night of Channel 4 on November 2, 1982, and ran for 21 years until November 4, 2003.
In January 2004, the BBC cancelled the Kilroy show (which had run for 18 years), after an article entitled 'We owe Arabs nothing' written by its host Robert Kilroy-Silk was published in the Sunday Express tabloid newspaper.
Friends is an American sitcom which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004. Friends received positive reviews throughout its run, and its series finale ("The Last One") ranked as the fifth most watched overall television series finale as well as the most watched single television episode of the 2000s on U.S. television.
The X-Files was a science fiction television series which aired for nine seasons on Fox that premiered on September 10, 1993. The show aired its series finale ("The Truth") on May 19, 2002.
Frasier, a spin-off TV series of Cheers (that ended in 1993), is an American sitcom that was broadcast on NBC for eleven seasons from September 16, 1993, to May 13, 2004, (only a week after the broadcast of the final episode of Friends). It was one of the most successful spin-off and popular series in television history, as well as one of the most critically acclaimed comedy series.
On June 20, 2006, after 42 years, British music chart show Top of the Pops was formally cancelled and it was announced that the last edition would be broadcast on July 30, 2006.
Grandstand is a British television sport program. Broadcast between 1958 and 2007, it was one of the BBC's longest running sports shows.
After 30 years, British television drama series Grange Hill (originally made by the BBC) was cancelled and the last episode was shown on September 15, 2008.
ER is a medical drama that premiered on NBC on September 19, 1994, and ran for 15 seasons. The show aired its series finale ("And in the End...") on April 2, 2009.
Series returns
The Flower Pot Men is a British children's programme, produced by BBC television, first transmitted in 1952, and repeated regularly for more than twenty years, which was produced in a new version in 2000.
Absolutely Fabulous, also known as Ab Fab, is a British sitcom.
The show has had an extended and sporadic run. The first three series were broadcast on the BBC from 1992 to 1995, followed by a series finale in the form of a two-part television film entitled The Last Shout in 1996. Its creator Jennifer Saunders revived the show for a fourth series in 2001.
Gadget and the Gadgetinis is a spinoff of the classic series Inspector Gadget (1983–1986), developed by DiC in cooperation with Haim Saban's SIP Animation and produced from 2001 to 2003. There are 52 episodes.
Basil Brush from 1962 to 1984, The Basil Brush Show from 2002 to 2007.
Basil Brush is a fictional anthropomorphic red fox, best known for his appearances on daytime British children's television. He is primarily portrayed by a glove puppet.
Shooting Stars is a British television comedy panel game broadcast on BBC Two as a pilot in 1993, then as 3 full series from 1995 to 1997, then on BBC Choice from January to December 2002 with 2 series before returning to BBC Two for another 3 series from 2008 until its cancellation in 2011.
Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC. The show is a significant part of British popular culture.
The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989. After an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot in the form of a television film, the programme was relaunched in 2005.
Family Fortunes is a British game show, based on the American game show Family Feud. The programme ran on ITV from January 6, 1980, to December 6, 2002, before being revived by the same channel in 2006 under the title of All Star Family Fortunes. Revived episodes are currently being shown on ITV on Sunday evenings and have been presented by Vernon Kay since 2006.
Gladiators is a British television entertainment series, produced by LWT for ITV, and broadcast between October 10, 1992, and January 1, 2000. It is an adaptation of the American format American Gladiators. The success of the British series spawned further adaptations in Australia and Sweden. The series was revived in 2008, before again being cancelled in 2009.
Rab C. Nesbitt is a British sitcom which began in 1988.
The first series began on September 27, 1990, and continued for seven more, ending on June 18, 1999, and returning with a one-off special on December 23, 2008.[424]
Red Dwarf is a British comedyfranchise which primarily comprises ten series (including a ninth mini-series named Back To Earth) of a television science fictionsitcom that aired on BBC Two between 1988 and 1993 and from 1997 to 1999 and on Dave in 2009.
The world of video games reached the 6th generation of video game consoles including the PlayStation 2, the Xbox, and the GameCube, which started technically in 1998 with the release of Sega's Dreamcast, although some consider the true start in 2000 with the release of Sony's PlayStation 2. The 6th gen remained popular throughout the decade, but decreased somewhat in popularity after its 7th gen successors released technically starting in November 2005 with the release of Microsoft's Xbox 360, however, most people agree that 2006 is a 6th gen year since most games being released still released on 6th gen including the Xbox even though the 360 was already released, and the PlayStation 3 and the Wii didn't release until late 2006 which most people consider to be the true start of the 7th gen. It reached 7th Generation in the form of consoles like the Wii, the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 by the mid-2000s. The number-one-selling game console of the decade, the PlayStation 2, was released in 2000 and remained popular up to the end of the decade, even after the PlayStation 3 was released. The PlayStation 2 was discontinued in January 2013. The Nintendo DS launched in Japan in 2004 and by 2005 was available globally. All Nintendo DS models combined have sold over 154.02 million units, thus making it the best selling handheld of all time and the second best selling video game console of all time behind the PlayStation 2.[425][426]
Neo Geo is a family of video game hardware developed by SNK. The brand originated in 1990 with the release of an arcade system, the Neo Geo MVS and its home console counterpart, the Neo Geo AES. The Neo Geo brand was officially discontinued in 2004.
MMORPGs, originating in the mid-to-late 1990s, become a popular PC trend and virtual online worlds become a reality as games such as RuneScape (2001), Final Fantasy XI (2002), Eve Online (2003), Tony Hawk's Underground (2003), World of Warcraft (2004), and EverQuest II (2004), The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar (2007) and Warhammer Online: Age of Reckoning (2008) are released. These worlds come complete with their own economies and social organization as directed by the players as a whole. The persistent online worlds allow the games to remain popular for many years. World of Warcraft, premiered in 2004, remains one of the most popular games in PC gaming and is still being developed into the 2010s.
Arcade video games had declined in popularity so much by the late 1990s, that revenues in the United States dropped to $1.33 billion in 1999,[427] and reached a low of $866 million in 2004.[428] Furthermore, by the early 2000s, networked gaming via computers and then consoles across the Internet had also appeared,[429] replacing the venue of head-to-head competition and social atmosphere once provided solely by arcades.[430]
In the late 2000s, motion controlled video games grew in popularity, from the PlayStation 2's EyeToy to Nintendo's successful Wii console. During the decade 3D video games become the staple of the video-game industry, with 2D games nearly fading from the market. Partially 3D and fully 2D games were still common in the industry early in the decade, but these have now become rare as developers look almost exclusively for fully 3D games to satisfy the increasing demand for them in the market. An exception to this trend is the indie gaming community, which often produces games featuring 'old-school' or retro gaming elements, such as Minecraft and Shadow Complex. These games, which are not developed by the industry giants, are often available in the form of downloadable content from services such as Microsoft's Xbox Live or Apple's App Store and usually cost much less than more major releases.
The Grand Theft Auto series sparked a fad of Mature-rated video games based on including gang warfare, drug use, and perceived "senseless violence" into gameplay. Though violent video games date back to the early 1990s, they became much more common after 2000. Despite the controversy, the 2004 game Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas became the best selling PlayStation 2 game of all time, with 17.33 million copies sold for that console alone, from a total of 21.5 million in all formats by 2009;[431] as of 2011, 27.5 million copies of San Andreas were sold worldwide.[432]
The Nintendo DS awakened an interest in casual play that had never really existed before.[433]PlayStation Portable (PSP-1000) Sony handheld games console
The Call of Duty series was extremely popular during the 2000s, the diverse shooter franchise released multiple games throughout the 2000s that were positively critically reviewed and commercially successful.
The Sims series developed by Maxis became one of the most popular life simulation games series with over 200 million copies sold worldwide since the series' first game was released in 2000.[434]
Gears of War was a critically acclaimed and commercially successful third-person shooter franchise that released two games during the mid-late 2000s. Gears of War 1 was released in 2006 and was the first installment to the franchise, it was universally critically acclaimed and went on to sell over 5 million copies. The second installment to the franchise Gears of War 2 was released in 2008 and received widespread critical acclaim and also went on to sell over 5 million copies.
Manhunt 2, a controversial stealth-based psychological horrorvideo game published by Rockstar Games, was suspended by Take-Two Interactive (Rockstar's parent company) when it was refused classification in the United Kingdom, Italy and Ireland, and given an Adults Only (AO) rating in the United States. As neither Sony, Microsoft or Nintendo allow AO titles on their systems, it made Rockstar bring the game down to a Mature (M) game and release in October 2007.
The sixth generation sparked a rise in first person shooter games led by Halo: Combat Evolved, which changed the formula of the first person shooter. Halo 2 started online console gaming and was on top of the Xbox Live charts until its successor, Halo 3 (for Xbox 360), took over. Some other popular first-person shooters during the 2000s include the Medal of Honor series, with Medal of Honor: Frontline's release in 2002 bringing the first game in the series to 6th generation consoles.
Dance Dance Revolution was released in Japan and later the United States, where it became immensely popular among teenagers. Other dance games like Just Dance was released in 2009 and went on to be the most popular game from Nintendo all over the world. Another music game, Guitar Hero, was released in North America in late 2005 and had a huge cultural impact on both the music and video games industries. It became a worldwide billion-dollar franchise within three years, spawning several sequels and leading to the creation of a competing franchise, Rock Band.
Gaming industry
Worldwide, arcade game revenues gradually increased from $1.8 billion in 1998 to $3.2 billion in 2002, rivalling PC game sales of $3.2 billion that same year.[435] In particular, arcade video games are a thriving industry in China, where arcades are widespread across the country.[436] The US market has also experienced a slight resurgence, with the number of video game arcades across the nation increasing from 2,500 in 2003 to 3,500 in 2008, though this is significantly less than the 10,000 arcades in the early 1980s. As of 2009, a successful arcade game usually sells around 4000 to 6000 units worldwide.[437]
Japanese media giant Nintendo released 9 out of the 10 top selling games of the 2000s, further establishing the company's dominance over the market.[438]
2009: Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2[442] or Wii Sports][443]
Writing
The decade saw the rise of digital media as opposed to the use of print, and the steady decline of printed books in countries where e-readers had become available.
The deaths of John Updike, Hunter S. Thompson, and other authors marked the end of various major writing careers influential during the late 20th century.
Manga (also known as Japanese comics) became popular among the international audience, mostly in English-speaking countries. Such popular manga works include Lucky Star, Fullmetal Alchemist and Naruto.
On July 19, 2001, English author and former politician, Jeffrey Archer, was found guilty of perjury and perverting the course of justice at a 1987 libel trial. He was sentenced to four years' imprisonment.
Peter Pan in Scarlet is a novel by Geraldine McCaughrean. It is an official sequel to Scottish author and dramatist J. M. Barrie's Peter and Wendy, authorised by Great Ormond Street Hospital, to whom Barrie granted all rights to the character and original writings in 1929. McCaughrean was selected following a competition launched in 2004, in which novelists were invited to submit a sample chapter and plot outline.[444]
J. K. Rowling was the best-selling author in the decade overall thanks to the Harry Potter book series,[445] although she did not pen the best-selling book (at least in the UK), being second to The Da Vinci Code,[445] which had 5.2 million in the UK by 2009[445] and 80 million worldwide by 2012.[446]
The Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics, followed the centennial anniversary of the modern era Olympic Games, held in Atlanta in 1996. The Athens 2004 Summer Olympics, were a strong symbol, for modern Olympic Games were inspired by the competitions organized in Ancient Greece. Finally, the Beijing Games saw the emergence of China as a major sports power, with the highest number of titles for the first time. The 2002 Salt Lake City and the 2006 Turin Winter Olympic Games were also major events, though slightly less popular.
Association football's important events included two World Cups, one organized in South Korea and Japan, which saw Brazil win a record fifth title, and the other in Germany, which saw Italy win its fourth title. The regional competitions, the Copa América and UEFA European Championship, saw five nations rising the cup: Colombia (2001) and Brazil (2004, 2007) won the Copa América, while France (2000), Greece (2004) and Spain (2008) won the European Championship.
Rugby increased in size and audience, as the Rugby World Cup became the third most watched sporting event in the world with the 2007 Rugby World Cup organized in France.
Bloodgate is the nickname for a rugby union scandal involving the English team Harlequins in their Heineken Cup match against the Irish side Leinster on April 12, 2009. It was so called because of the use of fake blood capsules, and has been seen by some as one of the biggest scandals in rugby since professionalization in the mid-1990s, indeed even as an argument against the professional ethos. The name is a pun on Watergate.
One of the most prominent events of the 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing was the achievement of Michael Phelps the American swimmer, frequently cited as the greatest swimmer and one of the greatest Olympians of all time.[447][448][449] He has won 14 career Olympic gold medals, the most by any Olympian. As of August 2, 2009, Phelps has broken thirty-seven world records in swimming. Phelps holds the record for the most gold medals won in a single Olympics, his eight at the 2008 Beijing Games surpassed American swimmer Mark Spitz's seven-gold performance at Munich in 1972.
Usain Bolt of Jamaica dominated the male sprinting events at the Beijing Olympics, in which he broke three world records, allowing him to be the first man to ever accomplish this at a single Olympic game. He holds the world record for the 100 metres (despite slowing down before the finish line to celebrate), the 200 metres and, along with his teammates, the 4 × 100 metres relay.
In 2003, Michael Jordan retired from the NBA after 2 season with the Washington Wizards, the official NBA website reading in 2006: "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time."[450]
Towards the middle of the decade, Michelle Kwan became the most decorated figure skater in U.S. history.[451]
Michael Schumacher, the most titled F1 driver, won five F1 World Championships during the decade and finally retired in 2006, yet eventually confirming his come-back to F1 for 2010. Lance Armstrong won all the Tour de France between 1999 and 2005, also an all-time record, but was later stripped of all his titles when evidence emerged of his use of performance-enhancing drugs. Swiss tennis player Roger Federer won 16 Grand Slam titles to become the most titled player.
In May 2004, Arsenal became the only top-tier team to go through an entire league season (2003/4) unbeaten when they won the English Premier League and became 'The Invincibles'. This feat had also been achieved in the 19th century, when the league was in its infancy and there were far fewer matches in a season, but not in the modern era. Arsenal's unbeaten run extended to 49 matches in total, and into the subsequent season.
In September 2004, Chelsea footballer Adrian Mutu failed a drugs test for cocaine and was released on October 29, 2004. He also received a seven-month ban and a £20,000 fine from The Football Association.
The 2006 Italian football scandal, also known as "Calciopoli", involved Italy's top professional football leagues, Serie A and Serie B. The scandal was uncovered in May 2006 by Italian police, implicating league champions Juventus, and other major teams including A.C. Milan, Fiorentina, Lazio and Reggina when a number of telephone interceptions showed a thick network of relations between team managers and referee organisations. Juventus were the champions of Serie A at the time. The teams have been accused of rigging games by selecting favourable referees.
The 2006 FIFA World Cup Final in Berlin, Zinedine Zidane widely considered by experts and fans as one of the greatest football players of all time, was sent off in the 110th minute of the game, which was to be the last match of his career. After headbutting Marco Materazzi in the chest, Zidane did not participate in the penalty shootout, which Italy won 5–3. It was later discovered through interviews that Materazzi had insulted Zidane's mother and sister that last moment which is what led to Zidane's heightened anger and reaction.
January 11, 2007 – When English footballer David Beckham joined the Major League Soccer's Los Angeles Galaxy, he was given the highest player salary in the league's history; with his playing contract with the Galaxy over the next three years being worth US$6.5 million per year.[452][453][454][455]
October 2007 – US world champion track and field athlete Marion Jones admitted that she took performance-enhancing drugs as far back as the 2000 Summer Olympics, and that she had lied about it to a grand jury investigating performance-enhancer creations.
November 29, 2007 – Portsmouth football manager Harry Redknapp angrily denied any wrongdoing after being arrested by police investigating alleged corruption in football: "If you are telling me this is how you treat anyone, it is not the society I grew up in."[456]
The 2008 Wimbledon final between Roger Federer of Switzerland and Rafael Nadal of Spain, has been lauded as the greatest match ever by many long-time tennis analysts.[457][458][459][460]
British Formula One racing driver Lewis Hamilton, was disqualified from the 2009 Australian Grand Prix for providing "misleading evidence" during the stewards' hearing. He later privately apologised to FIA race director Charlie Whiting for having lied to the stewards.
"It's a lot of money, it's crazy really. If you want to be in the race, you have to pay the price, it seems sometimes a little bit vulgar."[461]
Controversies in sports
A number of concerns and controversies over the 2008 Summer Olympics surfaced before, during, and after the 2008 Summer Olympics, and which received major media coverage. Leading up to the Olympics, there were concerns about human rights in China, such that many high-profile individuals, such as politicians and celebrities, announced intentions to boycott the games to protest China's role in the Darfur conflict, and Myanmar, its stance towards Tibet, or other aspects of its human rights record. In a 2008 Time article entitled "Why Nobody's Boycotting Beijing", Vivienne Walt wrote:
'Leaders in power are more mindful of China's colossal clout in an increasingly shaky world economy, and therefore of the importance of keeping good relations with its government.'[462]
Ron Atkinson, is an English former football player and manager. In recent years he has become one of Britain's best-known football pundits.
Ron Atkinson's media work came to an abrupt halt on April 21, 2004, when he was urged to resign from ITV by Brian Barwick after he broadcast a racial remark live on air about the blackChelsea player Marcel Desailly; believing the microphone to be switched off, he said, "...he [Desailly] is what is known in some schools as a lazy nigger".[463]
The sport of fox hunting is controversial, particularly in the UK, where it was banned in Scotland in 2002, and in England and Wales in November 2004 (law enforced from February 2005), though shooting foxes as vermin remained legal around the world.
^Pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, are typically classified in their own category whilst natural disasters include earthquakes, storms, volcanic eruptions, floods, etc.
^As of October 30, 2009[update]:
Total EUR currency (coins and banknotes) in circulation 771.5 (banknotes) + 21.032 (coins) =792.53 billion EUR *1.48 (exchange rate) = 1,080 billion USD
Total USD currency (coins and banknotes) in circulation 859 billion USD
"Table 2: Euro banknotes, values (EUR billions, unless otherwise indicated, not seasonally adjusted)" (PDF). ECB. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 22, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2009. 2009, October: Total banknotes: 771.5 (billion EUR)
"Table 4: Euro coins, values (EUR millions, unless otherwise indicated, not seasonally adjusted)" (PDF). ECB. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 22, 2010. Retrieved December 13, 2009. 2009, October: Total coins: 21,032 (million EUR)
"Money Stock Measures". Federal Reserve Statistical Release. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Archived from the original on December 9, 2009. Retrieved December 13, 2009. Table 5: Not Seasonally Adjusted Components of M1 (Billions of dollars), not seasonally adjusted, October 2009: Currency: 859.3 (billion USD)
"Euro foreign exchange reference rates". ECB. Archived from the original on March 25, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2009. Exchange rate October 30, 2009: 1 EUR = 1.48 USD
^Billboard awards are based on album and digital songs sales, radio airplay, streaming, touring and social engagement.[338]
References
^Ludden D (1998). The newness of globalization: A schematic view of the historical zones of territoriality University of Pennsylvania. Unfinished draft. Retrieved December 30, 2009. Archived March 31, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^Gordon PH; Meunier S (2001). The French challenge: Adapting to globalization. Washington, D.C.: Brookings.
^Heizo T; Ryokichi C (1998). "Japan" Archived April 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Domestic Adjustments to Globalization (CE Morrison & H Soesastro, Eds.). Tokyo: Japan Center for International Exchange, pp. 76–102. Retrieved December 30, 2009.
^Fry EH (2003). Local governments adapting to globalization. National League of Cities. Retrieved December 30, 2009. Archived January 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^Haarstad, Håvard; Fløysand, Arnt (March 2007). "Globalization and the power of rescaled narratives: A case of opposition to mining in Tambogrande, Peru". Political Geography. 26 (3): 289–308. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.10.014. ISSN 0962-6298.
^"Magnitude 9.1 – OFF THE WEST COAST OF NORTHERN SUMATRA". Archived from the original on August 17, 2012.
^Savage, Mark (December 31, 2009). "The noughties in literature". BBC News. Archived from the original on March 26, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
^"World Population Growth Rate 1950–2022". Archived from the original on October 5, 2023. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
^Hitchings, Leah (December 8, 2000). "Even with 10 years to decide, still no name for the decade". News.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^Washington Examiner, December 1, 2009; modified March 16, 2012. Say, goodbye to the aughts, zeros, 2000s, whatever. retrieved March 1, 2013. Archived April 12, 2013, at archive.today
^Mead, Rebecca (December 27, 2009). "What Do You Call It?". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on May 16, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
^"The noughties: So where are we now?". BBC News. January 1, 2000. Archived from the original on May 12, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2010.
^Rohrer, Finlo (December 31, 2009). "Decade dilemma". BBC News. Archived from the original on December 14, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2010.
^"noughties". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on November 19, 2021.
^Hill, Dave (March 29, 2011). "Olympic hockey and Leyton Orient: the astroturf connection". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on May 26, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^McCormick, Neil (September 18, 2009). "100 songs that defined the Noughties". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on May 13, 2014. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^Tedmanson, Sophie (October 20, 2009). "The Noughties year by year". The Times. London. Archived from the original on August 18, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^Tremlett, Giles (March 28, 2011). "At-a-glance guide to Spain". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on May 29, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^Bowers, Simon (March 23, 2011). "Budget 2011: Chancellor moves to close online VAT loophole". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on February 6, 2013. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^Stewart, Cameron (December 26, 2009). "The roaring noughties". The Australian. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
^Huxley, John (December 26, 2009). "Never so good". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
^Irwin, Neil (January 2, 2010). "Aughts were a lost decade for U.S. economy, workers". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 20, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^Noveck, Jocelyn (December 21, 2009). "50 things that changed our lives in the aughts". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on March 14, 2022. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
^Okwodu, Janelle (February 17, 2021). "Paris Hilton Remains the Ultimate Aughts Muse". Vogue. Archived from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
^"Why can't we name this decade?". Theweek.com. November 30, 2009. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^Fulton, Robert (December 31, 2009). "Say goodbye to the aughts, zeros, 2000s, whatever". Washington Examiner. Archived from the original on May 12, 2014. Retrieved May 23, 2024.
^"What should we call the last decade?". slate.com. December 18, 2009. Archived from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
^Data from U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base Archived May 21, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 28 Oct, 2017
^Data from Population Reference Bureau Archived May 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
2016 estimate: (a) "2016 World Population Data Sheet" Archived August 28, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
2015 estimate: (b) Toshiko Kaneda, 2015, "2015 World Population Data Sheet" Archived February 19, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
2014 estimate: (c) Carl Haub, 2014, "2014 World Population Data Sheet" Archived February 18, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
2013 estimate: (d) Carl Haub, 2013, "2013 World Population Data Sheet" Archived February 26, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
2012 estimate: (e) Carl Haub, 2012, "2012 World Population Data Sheet" Archived May 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
2011 estimate: (f) Carl Haub, 2011, "2011 World Population Data Sheet" Archived November 18, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
2010 estimate: (g) Carl Haub, 2010, "2010 World Population Data Sheet" Archived January 9, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
2009 estimate: (h) Carl Haub, 2009, "2009 World Population Data Sheet" Archived April 22, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
2008 estimate: (i) Carl Haub, 2008, "2008 World Population Data Sheet" Archived December 19, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
2007 estimate: (j) Carl Haub, 2007, "2007 World Population Data Sheet" Archived February 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
2006 estimate: (k) Carl Haub, 2006, "2006 World Population Data Sheet" Archived December 22, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
2005 estimate: (l) Carl Haub, 2005, "2005 World Population Data Sheet" Archived April 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
2004 estimate: (m) Carl Haub, 2004, "2004 World Population Data Sheet" Archived March 29, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
2003 estimate: (n) Carl Haub, 2003, "2003 World Population Data Sheet" Archived August 19, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.
2002 estimate: (o) Carl Haub, 2002, "2002 World Population Data Sheet" Archived December 9, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
2001 estimate: (p) Carl Haub, 2001, "2001 World Population Data Sheet" Archived January 19, 2022, at the Wayback Machine.
2000 estimate: (q) 2000, "9 Billion World Population by 2050" Archived February 1, 2018, at the Wayback Machine.
1997 estimate: (r) 1997, "Studying Populations" Archived November 11, 2021, at the Wayback Machine.
Estimates for 1995 and prior: (s) Carl Haub, 1995, "How Many People Have Ever Lived on Earth?" Archived October 10, 2016, at the Wayback MachinePopulation Today, Vol. 23 (no. 2), pp. 5–6.
^Data from United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Archived March 20, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
1950–2100 estimates (only medium variants shown): (a) World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. Archived May 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
Estimates prior to 1950: (b) "The World at Six Billion", 1999. Archived March 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
Estimates from 1950 to 2100: (c) "Population of the entire world, yearly, 1950 – 2100", 2013. Archived November 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
2014: (d) "2014 World Urbanization Prospects", 2014. Archived November 2, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
2015: (e) "2015 World Urbanization Prospects", 2015.
^Angus Maddison, 2003, The World Economy: Historical Statistics, Vol. 2, OECD, Paris Archived May 13, 2008, at the Wayback MachineISBN 92-64-10412-7.
"Statistical Appendix" Archived January 30, 2021, at the Wayback Machine (2008, ggdc.net) "The historical data were originally developed in three books: Monitoring the World Economy 1820–1992, OECD, Paris 1995; The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, OECD Development Centre, Paris 2001; The World Economy: Historical Statistics, OECD Development Centre, Paris 2003. All these contain detailed source notes. Figures for 1820 onwards are annual, wherever possible. For earlier years, benchmark figures are shown for 1 AD, 1000 AD, 1500, 1600 and 1700." "OECD countries GDP revised and updated 1991–2003 from National Accounts for OECD Countries, vol. I, 2006. Norway 1820–1990 GDP from Ola Grytten (2004), "The Gross Domestic Product for Norway, 1830-2003" in Eitrheim, Klovland and Qvigstad (eds), Historical Monetary Statistics for Norway, 1819–2003, Norges Bank, Oslo. Latin American GDP 2000–2003 revised and updated from ECLAC, Statistical Yearbook 2004 and preliminary version of the 2005 Yearbook supplied by Andre Hofman. For Chile, GDP 1820–2003 from Rolf Lűders (1998), "The Comparative Economic Performance of Chile 1810-1995", Estudios de Economia, vol. 25, no. 2, with revised population estimates from Diaz, J., R. Lűders, and G. Wagner (2005) Chili 1810–2000: la Republica en Cifras, mimeo, Instituto de Economia, Universidad Católica de Chile. For Peru, GDP 1896–1990 and population 1896–1949 from Bruno Seminario and Arlette Beltran, Crecimiento Economico en el Peru 1896–1995, Universidad del Pacifico, 1998. " "For Asia there are amendments to the GDP estimates for South and North Korea, 1911–74, to correct an error in Maddison (2003). Estimates for the Philippines, 1902–1940 were amended in line with Richard Hooley (2005), 'American Economic Policy in the Philippines, 1902–1940', Journal of Asian Economics, 16. 1820 estimates were amended for Hong Kong, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Thailand." "Asian countries GDP revised and updated 1998–2003 from AsianOutlook, April 2005. Population estimates for all countries except China and Indonesia revised and updated 1950–2008 and 2030 from International Data Base, International Programs Center, Population Division, US Bureau of the Census, April 2005 version. China's population 1990–2003 from China Statistical Yearbook 2005, China Statistics Press, Beijing. Indonesian population 1950–2003 kindly supplied by Pierre van der Eng. The figures now include three countries previously omitted: Cook Islands, Nauru and Tuvalu."
^Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Beusen, Arthur; Janssen, Peter (June 2010). "Long-term dynamic modeling of global population and built-up area in a spatially explicit way: HYDE 3.1". The Holocene. 20 (4): 565–573. Bibcode:2010Holoc..20..565K. doi:10.1177/0959683609356587. S2CID 128905931.
^"Security Council Condemns, 'In Strongest Terms', Terrorist Attacks on the United States". United Nations. September 12, 2001. Archived from the original on September 9, 2006. Retrieved September 11, 2006. The Security Council today, following what it called yesterday's "horrifying terrorist attacks" in New York, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania, unequivocally condemned those acts, and expressed its deepest sympathy and condolences to the victims and their families and to the people and Government of the United States.
^"Bin Laden claims responsibility for 9/11". CBC News. October 29, 2004. Archived from the original on January 24, 2009. Retrieved January 11, 2009. al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden appeared in a new message aired on an Arabic TV station Friday night, for the first time claiming direct responsibility for the 2001 attacks against the United States.
^"U.S. Losing War on Terror". NPR. August 21, 2007. Archived from the original on May 8, 2014. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
^"U.S. troops' death toll in Afghanistan doubles in 2009". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on November 15, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
^"Hussein's Iraq and al Qaeda not linked, Pentagon says". CNN. March 13, 2008. Archived from the original on April 29, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2010.
^"Questions and Answers". Israel's Security Fence. The State of Israel. February 22, 2004. Archived from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2007. The Security Fence is being built with the sole purpose of saving the lives of the Israeli citizens who continue to be targeted by the terrorist campaign that began in 2000. The fact that over 800 men, women and children have been killed in horrific suicide bombings and other terror attacks clearly justifies the attempt to place a physical barrier in the path of terrorists.... terrorism has been defined throughout the international community as a crime against humanity. As such, the State of Israel not only has the right but also the obligation to do everything in its power to lessen the impact and scope of terrorism on the citizens of Israel.
^Nissenbaum, Dion (January 10, 2007). "Death toll of Israeli civilians killed by Palestinians hit a low in 2006". Washington Bureau. McClatchy Newspapers. Archived from the original on November 20, 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2007. Fewer Israeli civilians died in Palestinian attacks in 2006 than in any year since the Palestinian uprising began in 2000. Palestinian militants killed 23 Israelis and foreign visitors in 2006, down from a high of 289 in 2002 during the height of the uprising. Most significant, successful suicide bombings in Israel nearly came to a halt. Last year, only two Palestinian suicide bombers managed to sneak into Israel for attacks that killed 11 people and wounded 30 others. Israel has gone nearly nine months without a suicide bombing inside its borders, the longest period without such an attack since 2000[...] An Israeli military spokeswoman said one major factor in that success had been Israel's controversial separation barrier, a still-growing 250-mile (400 km) network of concrete walls, high-tech fencing and other obstacles that cuts through parts of the West Bank. 'The security fence was put up to stop terror, and that's what it's doing,' said Capt. Noa Meir, a spokeswoman for the Israel Defense Forces. [...] Opponents of the wall grudgingly acknowledge that it has been effective in stopping bombers, though they complain that its route should have followed the border between Israel and the Palestinian territories known as the Green Line. [...] IDF spokeswoman Meir said Israeli military operations that disrupted militants planning attacks from the West Bank also deserved credit for the drop in Israeli fatalities.
^B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities, B'Tselem. Archived December 2, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^"Goldstone report: Israel and Palestinians respond to UN". BBC. January 29, 2010. Archived from the original on December 15, 2013. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
^"Confirmed figures reveal the true extent of the destruction inflicted upon the Gaza Strip; Israel's offensive resulted in 1,417 dead, including 926 civilians, 255 police officers, and 236 fighters" (Press release). Palestinian Centre for Human Rights. March 19, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved March 19, 2009.
^Staff (April 16, 2009). "Chechnya and Russia: timeline". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved May 2, 2024.
^de Montesquiou, Alfred (October 16, 2006). "African Union Force Ineffective, Complain Refugees in Darfur". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 16, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^Nkrumah, Gamal (December 6, 2006). "Old dogs, new tricks". Weekly.ahram.org.eg. Archived from the original on December 6, 2006. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^Lacey, Marc (May 11, 2005). "Tallying Darfur Terror: Guesswork with a Cause". International Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved April 7, 2008.
^President's Statement on Violence in Darfur, Sudan (statement released by The White House) September 9, 2004 President Meets with Darfur Advocates at the Wayback Machine (archived May 4, 2013)
^In Break With U.N., Bush Calls Sudan Killings Genocide Archived October 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Jim VandeHei. The Washington Post. June 2, 2005.
^"President Meets with Darfur Advocates". The White House. April 28, 2006. Archived from the original on August 7, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
^Excerpts: US Congress resolution on Darfur, BBC July 23, 2004 Archived May 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
^"Omar al-Bashir charged by Hague for orchestrating Darfur genocide". Christian Science Monitor. CSMonitor.com. July 12, 2010. Archived from the original on May 8, 2014.
^"ICC prosecutor seeks arrest of Sudan's Bashir". Reuters. July 14, 2008. Archived from the original on February 16, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
^Walker, Peter (July 14, 2008). "Darfur genocide charges for Sudanese president". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on August 26, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
^"Sudanese president charged with genocide". CBC News. July 14, 2008. Archived from the original on July 2, 2009. Retrieved July 15, 2008.
^Cook, Colleen W., ed. (October 16, 2007). CRS Report for Congress: Mexico's Drug Cartels (PDF). Congressional Research Service. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
^Carl, Traci (March 10, 2009). "Progress in Mexico drug war is drenched in blood". Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 10, 2015. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
^"High U.S. cocaine cost shows drug war working: Mexico". Reuters. September 14, 2007. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
^Sullivan, Mark P., ed. (December 18, 2008). "Mexico – U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress" (PDF). CRS Report for Congress: Mexico and the 112th Congress. Congressional Research Service. pp. 2, 13, 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved November 14, 2015.
^The attorney general's office says that 9 of 10 victims are members of organized-crime groups. Miller Llana, Sara (August 16, 2009). "Briefing: How Mexico is waging war on drug cartels". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on August 22, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
^ a b"Armed Conflicts Report – India-Andhra Pradesh". Ploughshares.ca. Archived from the original on June 3, 2009. Retrieved July 13, 2009.
^"India is 'losing Maoist battle'". BBC News. September 15, 2009. Archived from the original on March 19, 2014. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
^"India's Naxalites: A spectre haunting India". The Economist. April 12, 2006. Archived from the original on May 23, 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2009.
^"Chhatisgarh attack 'consequence' of Green Hunt: Maoist leader". Hindustan Times. India. April 6, 2010. Archived from the original on December 28, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^White, Matthew (October 2010). "Mid-Range Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century". Users.erols.com. Archived from the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^Sri Lanka military, rebels trade death toll claims Reuters India – March 1, 2008.
^"Red Cross 'gravely concerned' about conditions in Swat Valley". CNN. May 31, 2009. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^"Pakistan Assessment 2011". SATP.org. Archived from the original on February 15, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^Madsen, Wayne (May 17, 2002). "Report Alleges U.S. Role in Angola Arms-for-Oil Scandal". CorpWatch. Archived from the original on January 5, 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2008.
^"Yemen Accuses Iran of Meddling in its Internal Affairs" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 29, 2008.
^"Ploughshares.com". Archived from the original on May 12, 2011.
^"Yemeni military battles Shi'ite rebels". The Age. Australia. March 20, 2007. Archived from the original on March 25, 2014. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^Sheikh, Abdi (September 16, 2008). "Nearly 9,500 Somalis die in insurgency-group". Reliefweb.int. Archived from the original on October 21, 2008. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^Wallis, Daniel (December 11, 2008). Ireland, Louise (ed.). "Sharif back in Mogadishu as death toll hits 16,210". Reuters. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^allafrica More Than 1,700 Killed in Clashes in 2009, January 1, 2010 Archived October 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^"Chad wants Sudan to disarm rebels". Al Jazeera. January 12, 2006. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^Ed Douglas. "Inside Nepal's Revolution..... (just to check..!!!)". National Geographic Magazine, p. 54, November 2005. Douglas lists the following figures: "Nepalis killed by Maoists from 1996 to 2005: 4,500. Nepalis killed by government in same period: 8,200."
^Allen, Karen (November 30, 2006). "Eastern DR Congo rebels to disarm". BBC. Archived from the original on February 2, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^Charbonneau, Louis (October 26, 2009). "RPT-EXCLUSIVE-Iran would need 18 months for atom bomb-diplomats". Reuters. Archived from the original on August 28, 2010. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^Wright, Robin. "N. Koreans Taped At Syrian Reactor". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2010.
^NKorea-Syria nuclear work had military aims: White House Archived May 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Associated French Press, April 24, 2008. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
^"Statement by President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev". Russia's President web site. August 26, 2008. Archived from the original on September 2, 2008.
^ a bDavis, Kenneth C. (2003). Don't Know Much About History: Everything You Need to Know About American History but Never Learned (1st ed.). New York: HarperCollins. p. 623. ISBN 978-0-06-008381-6.
^"Self-rule introduced in Greenland". BBC News. June 21, 2009. Archived from the original on April 25, 2010. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
^"Vicente Fox | Biography, Presidency, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. April 25, 2024. Archived from the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved May 2, 2024.
^"El Mundo contra la Guerra (in Spanish)" (PDF). February 16, 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 24, 2004. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^Tyler, Patrick (February 17, 2003). "THREATS AND RESPONSES: NEWS ANALYSIS; A New Power In the Streets". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 25, 2013. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
^Lak, Daniel. "Reagan lies in state at Capitol". BBC, June 11, 2004. Retrieved March 9, 2008. Archived December 15, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
^"United States Capitol Police Press Releases: Lying In State for former President Reagan" Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. United States Capitol Police. Retrieved March 9, 2008
^"Chile gets first woman president". BBC News. January 16, 2006. Archived from the original on November 12, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^"The Union of South American Nations". Towardsunity.org. Archived from the original on June 20, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^"Camp David Proposals for Final Palestine-Israel Peace Settlement". Mideastweb.org. July 2000. Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^Biswas, Soutik (October 14, 2005). "India's architect of reforms". BBC News. Archived from the original on April 30, 2009. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
^"Profile: Mahmoud Abbas". BBC. January 10, 2005. Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
^Worth, Robert F.; Fathi, Nazila (June 13, 2009). "Protests Flare in Tehran as Opposition Disputes Vote". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2009.
^Knight, Ben (June 15, 2009). "Iranian protester killed after opposition rally". ABC News. abc.net.au. Archived from the original on May 14, 2014. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
^"Iran official says 36 killed in post-vote unrest". AFP. September 10, 2009. Archived from the original on January 25, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^"Google.com". September 3, 2009. Archived from the original on February 18, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^Lake, Eli. "Iran protesters alter tactics to avoid death". The Washington Times. (June 25, 2009) Archived October 23, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^The Royal Household. "Her Majesty The Queen > Jubilees and other milestones > Golden Jubilee > 50 facts about The Queen's Golden Jubilee". Queen's Printer. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved November 25, 2009.
^Blair, Tony (November 23, 2000). "House of Commons Debate". In House of Commons Library; Pond, Chris (eds.). Golden Jubilee 2002 (PDF). Westminster: Queen's Printer (published January 13, 2003). p. 5. SN/PC/1435. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 5, 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2009.
^ a b c"Continent of Fear: The Rise of Europe's Right-Wing Populists". Der Spiegel. September 28, 2010. Archived from the original on March 11, 2012., Part 2 Archived December 3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Part 3 Archived December 4, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^"Revealed: How Africa's dictator died at the hands of his boy soldiers". The Guardian. February 11, 2001. Archived from the original on December 9, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
^"Death, Love and Conspiracy: The Nepalese Royal Massacre of 2001 (Durbar Hatyakanda) – Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training". Archived from the original on March 31, 2023. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
^"Israeli minister shot dead". October 17, 2001. Archived from the original on March 29, 2023. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
^"Fortuyn killed 'to protect Muslims'". March 28, 2003. Archived from the original on April 28, 2018. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
^"Djindjic's killers convicted, sentenced after 3½-year trial". Archived from the original on April 13, 2009. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
^"Ten years since the death of Anna Lindh". Sveriges Radio. September 11, 2013. Archived from the original on October 17, 2022. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
^"Shaikh Ahmed Yassin's Assassination". www.aljazeerah.info. Archived from the original on July 9, 2012. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
^"The murder that shattered Holland's liberal dream". TheGuardian.com. November 7, 2004. Archived from the original on September 11, 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
^Macdonald, Neil (November 21, 2010). "CBC Investigation: Who killed Lebanon's Rafik Hariri?". CBC News. Archived from the original on September 3, 2013. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
^"Pakistan's Former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto Assassinated". Archived from the original on March 9, 2008. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
^"President shot dead in palace as rebel troops take revenge – Africa, World – the Independent". www.independent.co.uk. Archived from the original on March 4, 2009. Retrieved October 19, 2022.
^"Car attack on Dutch royal parade". April 30, 2009. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
^"Foot-and-mouth outbreak's parallels with Covid pandemic". February 19, 2021. Archived from the original on May 2, 2024. Retrieved May 2, 2024.
^"Obama declares swine flu a national emergency". The Daily Herald. 2009. Archived from the original on October 29, 2009. Retrieved October 26, 2009.
^"New Jersewans not worried about H1N1" (PDF) (Press release). Fairleigh Dickinson University. October 8, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 12, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^Mollura, Daniel J.; Asnis, Deborah S.; Crupi, Robert S.; Conetta, Rick; Feigin, David S.; Bray, Mike; Taubenberger, Jeffery K.; Bluemke, David A. (December 2009). "Imaging Findings in a Fatal Case of Pandemic Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1)". American Journal of Roentgenology. 193 (6): 1500–1503. doi:10.2214/AJR.09.3365. PMC2788497. PMID 19933640.
^"Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 – update 103". Who.int. Archived from the original on November 19, 2010. Retrieved October 16, 2010.
^"GDP (current US$) – China | Data". data.worldbank.org. Archived from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
^"India Reaps Benefits of Economic Boom". CNN. November 2, 2006. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^"A New World Economy". Bloomberg Business Week. August 22, 2005. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
^Mandel, Michael (October 10, 2008). "Iceland goes bankrupt". BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on October 13, 2008. Retrieved July 19, 2009.
^"Growth of millionaires in India fastest in world". Thaindian News. June 25, 2008. Archived June 23, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^"Goldfinger Brown's £2 billion blunder in the bullion market". The Times. London. April 15, 2007. Archived from the original on May 11, 2008. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
^Investing (December 19, 2008). "The outlook for gold". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on March 26, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
^Walsoft (April 1, 2007). "The Gold Bull Market Remembers How Gordon Brown Sold Half of Britains Reserves at the Lowest Price, The Market Oracle, Clive Maund, 1 April 2007". Marketoracle.co.uk. Archived from the original on October 27, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
^"The Significance of the IMF-RBI Gold Sales, Tim Iacono, GoldSeek.com, 5 November 2009". News.goldseek.com. November 5, 2009. Archived from the original on February 24, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
^"In 2008, Gold Should Glitter, James Turk, SFO magazine, February 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 3, 2010.
^Bevan, Warren (June 23, 2009). "China & IMF Gold Sales; The Real Story, Warren Bevan, gold-eagle.com, 23 June 2009". Gold-eagle.com. Archived from the original on March 12, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
^"Review of the sale of part of the UK gold reserves" (PDF). HM Treasury. October 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 21, 2013.
^Arango, Tim (January 11, 2010). "How the AOL-Time Warner Merger Went So Wrong". The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on June 10, 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
^Barnett, Emma; Andrews, Amanda (September 28, 2010). "AOL merger was 'the biggest mistake in corporate history', believes Time Warner chief Jeff Bewkes". London. Archived from the original on January 22, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
^Wallop, Harry (April 16, 2007). "£1 in every seven now spent in Tesco". Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
^Dow Jones Industrial Average Historical Prices . Google Finance. Retrieved March 14, 2010.
^"The World Bank: World Development Indicators database, 1 July 2009. Gross domestic product (2008)" (PDF). World Bank. January 7, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 12, 2009. Retrieved October 7, 2009.
^"The World Bank: World Development Indicators database, 8 February 2000. Gross domestic product (2008)" (PDF). World Bank. January 7, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 12, 2011. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
^"IMF WEO Database: Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects, April 2010". International Monetary Fund. April 2010. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2010.
^"Gross domestic product 2009, PPP" (PDF). June 1, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^"5. Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF.org. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^Insley, Jill (January 31, 2011). "House prices almost doubled in a decade". London. Archived from the original on January 28, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
^EFE Fracasan las negociaciones de la Ronda de Doha para liberalizar el comercio July 28, 2008, ABC (Spain) Archived April 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^El Mundo, "El fracaso de la Cumbre de la OMC muestra la fortaleza negociadora de los países pobres" September 16, 2003 [dead link]
^Food and Agriculture Organization "La Ronda de Doha necesita un cambio de orientación" Archived December 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine August 8, 2006 "El fracaso de la Ronda de Doha de negociaciones para liberalizar el comercio internacional se debe sobre todo a la lucha para obtener ventajas en los mercados agrícolas por parte de las grandes potencias, empresas y lobbies"
^BBC Mundo, Se contrae la economía mundial November 21, 2001 Archived December 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^BBC Mundo, ¿Recesión global?, September 8, 2001 Archived December 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^"European banking collapse including nationalisation of three banks", Credit Writedown, Ed Harrison, September 29, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2011, Creditwritedowns.com Archived March 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^"Anglo Irish Bank Shares Suspended after Nationalization", The New York Times, January 16, 2009. Retrieved January 11, 2011, NYtimes.com Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
^Reuters Se extiende crisis de la industria automotriz, November 15, 2008, El Universo Archived March 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^Rawnsley, Andrew (October 19, 2008). "A golden age, and other things they wish they'd never said". The Observer. London. Archived from the original on February 7, 2009. Retrieved February 14, 2013.
^ABC Noticias La fascinación del keynesianismo, esperemos que sin resaca February 22, 2009 Archived April 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^El País, Stiglitz y Krugman reclaman una globalización 'gobernada' para reducir las desigualdades September 25, 2004
^El Mundo Paul Krugman, un polémico economista que marca tendencia Archived June 5, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^La Vanguardia El G-20 acuerda erigirse en el árbitro de la economía internacional September 25, 2009 [dead link]
^"Weekly Commodity Futures Price Chart: Crude Oil EmiNY". TFC-charts.com. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
^Herbst, Moira (May 30, 2008). "Speculation – But Not Manipulation". Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
^"Yahoo Finance". Archived from the original on May 9, 2009.
^Global Policy Global Policy Forum, Are We Approaching a Global Food Crisis? Archived April 22, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
^"Triennial Central Bank Survey 2007 – BIS – December 2007" (PDF). BIS. December 19, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 25, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
^Haile-Selassie, Yohannes; Suwa, Gen; White, Tim D. (March 5, 2004). "Late Miocene Teeth from Middle Awash, Ethiopia, and Early Hominid Dental Evolution". Science. 303 (5663): 1503–1505. Bibcode:2004Sci...303.1503H. doi:10.1126/science.1092978. PMID 15001775. S2CID 30387762.
^"Fields Medals 2006". International Mathematical Union (IMU) – Prizes. Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2006.
^Russian maths genius Perelman urged to take $1m prize Archived August 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine bbc.co.uk, Wednesday, March 24, 2010.
^Mackenzie, Dana (December 22, 2006). "The Poincaré Conjecture--Proved". Science. 314 (5807): 1848–1849. doi:10.1126/science.314.5807.1848. PMID 17185565.
^"NASA finds 'significant' water on moon". CNN. November 14, 2009. Archived from the original on April 6, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2010.
^Sharp, Tim (July 26, 2012). "SpaceShipOne: The First Private Spacecraft – The Most Amazing Flying Machines Ever". Space.com. Archived from the original on November 15, 2015. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
^"NASA's LCROSS Impacts Confirm Water in Lunar Crater" (Press release). NASA. November 13, 2009. Archived from the original on November 15, 2009. Retrieved November 21, 2009. Preliminary data from NASA's Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, or LCROSS, indicates the mission successfully uncovered water in a permanently shadowed lunar crater.
^"NASA finds 'significant' water on moon". CNN. November 13, 2009. Archived from the original on November 16, 2009. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
^WMAP mission (March 16, 2006). "The Age of the Universe with New Accuracy". NASA. Archived from the original on February 24, 2013. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^Isidore, Chris (January 9, 2006). "GM and Ford's New Cross to Bear". CNN Money. Archived from the original on March 24, 2015. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
^Carty, Sharon Silke (May 3, 2006). "Crossover vehicles pass up SUVs on road to growing sales". USA Today. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
^Schenker, Marc (May 12, 2015). "Former MySpace CEO explains why MySpace lost out to Facebook so badly". Digital Trends. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
^"Share of the population using the Internet". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on January 9, 2023. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
^Bethea, Neil; Williams, Jacob & Yu, Yiwen (June 2003). "Broadband services in the United States" (PDF). Ohio State University. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 4, 2006. Retrieved November 30, 2011. Growth of Broadband Users:June 2000:total:4,367,434
^Sharma, Dinesh (August 2, 2005). "Study: Broadband penetration to surge by 2010". CNET News.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^"US Broadband Penetration Breaks 80% Among Active Internet Users". WebSiteOptimization.com. May 2007. Archived from the original on October 30, 2013. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^"R.I.P. Floppy Disk". BBC News. April 1, 2003. Archived from the original on February 16, 2009. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
^Derbyshire, David (January 30, 2007). "Floppy disks ejected as demand slumps". Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on April 20, 2008. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
^Woodson, Alex (July 8, 2007). "Wikipedia remains go-to site for online news". Reuters. Archived from the original on November 21, 2007. Retrieved December 16, 2007. Online encyclopedia Wikipedia has added about 20 million unique monthly visitors in the past year, making it the top online news and information destination, according to Nielsen//NetRatings.
^"Top 500". Alexa. Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. Retrieved October 13, 2009.
^Smithers, Rebecca (October 5, 2007). "McDonald's to offer free Wi-Fi in restaurants". London. Archived from the original on January 22, 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
^Eagle, James (September 9, 2022). "Animation: The Most Popular Websites by Web Traffic (1993–2022)". Visual Capitalist. Archived from the original on January 9, 2023. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
^Lynskey, Dorian (May 28, 2015). "How the compact disc lost its shine". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on July 31, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
^Sam's Laser FAQ: Dissection of Green Laser Pointer. Archived May 22, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^Levin, Alan (January 5, 2005). "N.J. man charged with aiming laser at aircraft". USA Today. Archived from the original on April 6, 2012. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
^Hancox, Dan (March 15, 2011). "How Britain became a self-service nation". Independent. London. Archived from the original on August 28, 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
^Collinson, Patrick (September 7, 2009). "Huge rise in cash-machine crime, watchdog warns". London. Archived from the original on February 6, 2011. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
^Tovey, Alan (October 22, 2016). "How Airbus achieved the miracle of keeping a European project flying". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
^"Airbus A380 Facts & Figures". Airbus. June 2016. Archived from the original on October 10, 2016.
^Ostrower, Jon (December 15, 2009). "Boeing 787 Dreamliner lifts off on maiden flight". Flight International. Archived from the original on December 20, 2009. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
^Zhang, Benjamin (May 26, 2016). "Boeing made a 'major mistake' 12 years ago that left its customers in the lurch". Business Insider. Archived from the original on November 28, 2016. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
^"U.S. Transportation Secretary Slater celebrates inaugural run of Acela Express high-speed rail service". M2 Presswire. November 17, 2000. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2009.
^"China opens first dedicated high-speed line: China continues to expand its railway network. It is also improving the technology it employs in constructing new lines and developing new rolling stock in an effort to increase train speeds". International Railway Journal. August 1, 2003. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
^"Eurostar to launch passenger services at St Pancras International on Wednesday 14 November 2007". Eurostar (Press release). November 14, 2006. Archived from the original on February 28, 2007.
^"Take a Ride on the Taiwan High Speed Rail" (PDF). Scope. Kawasaki Heavy Industries. January 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2009. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
^"NS Hispeed launches HSL-Zuid services". Railway Gazette International. September 7, 2009. Archived from the original on July 2, 2010. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
^Iancu, Claudia; Corcoran, Peter; Costache, Gabriel (2007). "A Review of Face Recognition Techniques for In-Camera Applications". 2007 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1109/ISSCS.2007.4292641. hdl:10379/1344. ISBN 978-1-4244-0968-6. S2CID 39811202.
^Miller, Michael J. (December 14, 2009). "Top Technologies of The Decade". Blogs.pcmag.com. Archived from the original on August 1, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
^"Yahoo News". News.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^"Projector Phone: A Study of Using Mobile Phones with Integrated Projector for Interaction with Maps". ResearchGate. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
^"Digital Video Recorders (DVR) – An Interesting History". www.cctvcameraworld.com. April 12, 2019. Archived from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.
^Uhlig, Robert (November 22, 2004). "DVD kills the video show as digital age takes over". Archived from the original on January 11, 2022 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
^Fitzpatrick, Laura (May 31, 2010). "Brief History YouTube". Time. Archived from the original on April 6, 2023. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
^Evenson, Kelly (December 19, 2009). "Gadgets that defined the last decade". Examiner.net. Archived from the original on February 22, 2012. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
^Brueck, Hilary. "The wild history of vaping, from a 1927 'electric vaporizer' to today's mysterious lung injury crisis". Business Insider. Archived from the original on April 17, 2024. Retrieved April 17, 2024.
^Monshipouri, Mahmood. "The war on terror and Muslims in the west." In Muslims in the West after 9/11: Religion, Politics and Law, p. 46pp.
^Achcar, Gilbert. The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives, p. 283
^Zine, Jasmin. Canadian Islamic Schools: Unraveling the Politics of Faith, Gender, Knowledge, and Identity, p. 153
^Cowan, Douglas E.; Bromley, David G. (2006). "The Church of Scientology". In Gallagher, Eugene V.; Ashcraft, W. Michael (eds.). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. Vol. 5. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. pp. 169–196. ISBN 978-0-275-98712-1.
^"Italian Supreme Court decision". Cesnur.org. March 23, 2000. Archived from the original on February 21, 2013. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
^Bruni, p. 336.
^United Nations The World at Six Billion U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs (Population Division) Archived July 9, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^"Statistical Handbook of Japan". Archived from the original on April 11, 2008.
^"What is wrong with everyone?". The Guardian. London. November 13, 2008. Archived from the original on April 11, 2012. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
^Sturm, R. (July 2007). "Increases in morbid obesity in the USA: 2000–2005". Public Health. 121 (7): 492–496. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2007.01.006. PMC2864630. PMID 17399752.
^"Birth rates 'must be curbed to win war on global poverty'". The Independent. January 31, 2007. Archived December 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^"Half of India's children malnourished, says NGO report". Calcutta News. October 15, 2009. Archived December 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^"Putting the smallest first: Why India makes a poor fist of feeding the young, and how it could do better". The Economist. September 23, 2010. Archived from the original on November 6, 2010. Retrieved November 28, 2010. Even the children of wealthier families suffer surprisingly high rates of malnutrition. Government data show that a third of children from the wealthiest fifth of India's population is malnourished.(subscription required)
^"WHO | Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption around the world". Who.int. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
^Wales, South (November 26, 2012). ""Rising costs mean fewer are hitting target of 'five-a-day'", South Wales Evening Post, November 26, 2012. Accessed December 3, 2012". Thisissouthwales.co.uk. Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
^Ministry of Health (September 15, 2005). "Smokefree Law in New Zealand". moh.govt.nz. Archived from the original on November 29, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2011.
^Townsend, Mark (January 14, 2012). "Stop and search 'racial profiling' by police on the increase, claims study". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on April 22, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
^Potter, James V. (January 14, 2008). Substances of Abuse. Vol. 2. AFS Publishing Co. pp. 1–13. ISBN 978-1-930327-46-7.
^Davis, Rowenna (June 11, 2010). "Antidepressant use rises as recession feeds wave of worry". The Guardian. Archived from the original on June 15, 2010. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
^ a b"Antidepressant Use Doubles in U.S., Study Finds". Reuters. August 4, 2009. Archived from the original on July 3, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
^Truscott, Claire (March 27, 2008). "Nearly half of marriages doomed for divorce, study finds". London. Archived from the original on June 29, 2013. Retrieved February 27, 2013.
^"Jamie Oliver slams government for not supporting school meals reform" caterersearch.com. Retrieved November 2, 2007 Archived December 17, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
^"Jamie Oliver's school dinners 'are more effective than literacy hour" March 29, 2010, The Times Archived June 1, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
^American Society of Plastic Surgeons. "2006 Quick Facts Cosmetic and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Trends" (PDF). American Society of Plastic Surgeons.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 25, 2017.
^"Junk food ad crackdown announced". BBC News. November 17, 2006. Archived from the original on January 7, 2009. Retrieved November 17, 2006.
^"Reactions in quotes: ad ban". BBC News. November 17, 2006. Archived from the original on October 21, 2007. Retrieved November 17, 2006.
^ a b"Junk food ad ban comes into force". BBC News. April 1, 2007. Archived from the original on October 21, 2007. Retrieved April 2, 2007.
^"Junk food ad ban plans laid out". BBC News. February 22, 2007. Archived from the original on January 17, 2009. Retrieved April 2, 2007.
^Pook, Sally (November 10, 2006). "I won't bow to poppy fascists, says Jon Snow". London. Archived from the original on December 11, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
^"Retailers to stop trans-fat use". BBC. January 31, 2007. Archived from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved January 31, 2007.
^ a bNdikumanna, Esdras (October 14, 2008). "Burundi's albinos flee sorcerers and organ traders". Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on September 29, 2009.
^Li, Rui; Lu, Wei; Jiang, Qing Wu; Li, Yan Yun; Zhao, Gen Ming; Shi, Liang; Yang, Qun Di; Ruan, Ye; Jiang, Junyi; Zhang, Sheng Nian; Xu, Wang Hong; Zhong, Wei Jian (May 1, 2012). "Increasing Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Adults in Shanghai". Diabetes Care. 35 (5): 1028–1030. doi:10.2337/dc11-1212. PMC3329854. PMID 22432111.
^"Bird Flu Soars". CBS News. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013.
^Chan, Margaret. "World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic". WHO. Archived from the original on August 18, 2009. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
^Hanley, Charles J. (December 8, 2009). "UN: 2000–2009 likely warmest decade on record". Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 24, 2024. Retrieved December 20, 2009. This decade is on track to become the warmest since records began in 1850, and 2009 could rank among the top-five warmest years, the U.N. weather agency reported Tuesday on the second day of a pivotal 192-nation climate conference.
^Beament, Emily (December 8, 2009). "Temperature records released to debunk climate change claims". The Independent. London. Press Association. Archived from the original on December 13, 2009. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
^Broder, John M. (January 21, 2010). "Past Decade Warmest on Record, NASA Data Shows". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 25, 2010. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
^Earth-policy.org, Janet Larsen, Record Heat Wave in Europe Takes 35,000 Lives: Far Greater Losses May Lie Ahead. Retrieved December 10, 2009. Archived July 16, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^Osborne, Hilary (October 30, 2006). "Stern report: the key points". The Guardian.
^"An Inconvenient Truth Then and Now: What's Changed for Our Climate Since 2006?". Climate Reality. January 17, 2017. Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved October 9, 2019.
^"Friends of the Earth – "Recycling Bill success!"". Foe.co.uk. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
^"Transformation of Trafalgar Square". Foster+Partners. Archived from the original on December 14, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2011.
^Hogrefe, Jeffrey (December 14, 1997). "Lucian Freud Bio Killed Amid Much Heavy Breathing". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on July 19, 2008. Retrieved July 22, 2011. Also see Rimanelli, David (January 2012), "Damien Hirst", Artforum: "With the recent death of Lucían Freud, some might argue that Hirst is now the greatest living British artist". Retrieved October 28, 2012. Also see Kennedy, Maev (December 21, 2001), "Palace unveils Freud's gift to Queen", The Guardian, who calls Freud "the artist regarded as the greatest living British painter". Retrieved October 28, 2012. Darwent, Charles (November 28, 1999), "The 1990s in Review: Visual Arts" Archived September 25, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The Independent, says "Freud becomes the greatest living British artist after his Whitechapel show [of 1993]". Retrieved October 28, 2012.
^"Freud royal portrait divides critics". BBC News. December 21, 2001. Retrieved February 26, 2008. Archived January 30, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
^ a b cJones, Jonathan. Look What We Did Archived November 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, March 31, 2003. Retrieved February 3, 2009.
^Sumpter, Helen. BBC – collective – jake and dinos chapman, modern art oxford, BBC, April 17, 2003. Retrieved February 3, 2009. Archived November 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^Dorment, Richard. Inspired Vandalism, The Telegraph, May 27, 2003. Retrieved February 3, 2009. Archived December 18, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^A Record Picasso and the Hype Price of Status Objects, Blake Gopnik, The Washington Post, May 7, 2004
^Boy with Pipe or Garcon a la Pipe, 1905 (archived), The Artist Pablo Picasso
^"Fire devastates Saatchi artworks". BBC News. May 26, 2004. Archived from the original on October 21, 2007. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
^Cooke, Rachel (November 13, 2005). "We pee on things and call it art". Guardian. Archived from the original on April 17, 2012. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
^Boyd, Chris. "Big Art Challenge Clips". YouTube. Archived from the original on August 10, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
^"Art of persuasion". Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
^"Most expensive drawing by an Old Master sold at auction". Guinness World Records. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
^Manchester Metropolitan University, Profile: Professor Carol Ann Duffy, accessed November 2, 2009. Archived January 7, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
^Duffy reacts to new Laureate post, BBC News, May 1, 2009. Archived October 30, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^The BBC on Harry Potter: "The Harry Potter novels have sold more than 450 million copies through Bloomsbury in Britain, and Scholastic in the United States." (June 23, 2011) Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^Sunhee, Han (February 5, 2010). "'Avatar' goes 4D in Korea". Variety. Archived from the original on February 10, 2010. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
^Riper, Tom Van (September 24, 2007). "The Top Pundits in America". Forbes. Archived from the original on April 12, 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
^Ebert, Roger (August 16, 2008). "D-minus for 3-D". Chicago Sun-Times: Blogs. Archived from the original on February 7, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2009.
^King, Stephen, "The Four-Star Follies", August 20, 2004. Retrieved January 31, 2008. Archived May 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^"Connery "turning back on movies"". BBC News. August 2005. Archived from the original on August 23, 2012. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
^"The 76th Academy Awards (2004) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Archived from the original on September 29, 2012. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
^Chilton, Louis (February 25, 2019). "The blood, the outrage and The Passion of the Christ: Mel Gibson's biblical firestorm, 15 years on". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 1, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
^"The Passion of the Christ (2004)". The Numbers. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
^Charlie Jane Anders (September 7, 2011). "Where would superheroes be without 9/11?". io9. Archived from the original on May 29, 2014. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
^Brown, Jeffrey A. (August 31, 2013). "How Marvel's superheroes found the magic to make us all true believers". The Observer. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
^Lyman, Rick (March 26, 2001). "Oscar Spreads the Wealth, but 'Gladiator' Takes Top Prize; Julia Roberts Is Named Best Actress, And Russell Crowe Is Chosen Best Actor". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Lyman, Rick (March 25, 2002). "'Beautiful Mind' Wins; Best Actress Goes to Halle Berry". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Lyman, Rick (March 24, 2003). "'Chicago' Is Big Oscar Winner, but 'Pianist' Surprises; Hollywood Glamour Still Stars at Ceremony, but Security and War Play Supporting Roles". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Waxman, Sharon (March 1, 2004). "'Lord of the Rings' Dominates the Oscars; Final Film of Trilogy Sweeps 11 Categories; Sean Penn and Charlize Theron Get Top Acting Awards". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Waxman, Sharon; Halbfinger, David M. (February 28, 2005). "'Million Dollar Baby' Dominates Oscars". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Kilday, Gregg (March 6, 2006). "'Crash' takes best pic in upset". The Hollywood Reporter. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Kilday, Gregg (February 26, 2007). "Scorsese cuffs Oscar; 'Departed' named best pic". The Hollywood Reporter. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Kilday, Gregg (February 25, 2008). "'No Country' takes top Oscar honors". The Hollywood Reporter. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Kilday, Gregg (February 22, 2009). "'Slumdog' tops Oscars". The Hollywood Reporter. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Kilday, Gregg (March 7, 2010). "'The Hurt Locker' tops Oscars with six". The Hollywood Reporter. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^"Dancer's surprise win at Cannes". BBC News. May 21, 2000. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^"Italian film wins Palme d'Or". BBC News. May 20, 2001. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^"Polanski wins Palme d'Or". CNN.com. Cannes, France: Cable News Network LP, LLLP. May 27, 2002. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Mitchell, Elvis (May 26, 2003). "CANNES FILM FESTIVAL; Van Sant's 'Elephant' Receives Palme d'Or". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Scott, A. O. (May 22, 2004). "'Fahrenheit 9/11' Wins Top Prize at Cannes". The New York Times. Cannes, France. Archived from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Dargis, Manohla; Scott, A. O. (May 22, 2005). "Two Belgians Win Top Prize at Cannes for Second Time". The New York Times. Cannes, France. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Dargis, Manohla; Scott, A. O. (May 29, 2006). "Ken Loach's 'Wind That Shakes the Barley' Wins Top Prize at Cannes". The New York Times. Cannes, France. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Dargis, Manohla (May 24, 2009). "Violence Reaps Rewards at Cannes Festival". The New York Times. Cannes, France. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^"Cesar Awards – French film industry awards Edition 2001". UniFrance. UniFrance Film International. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^"Cesar Awards – French film industry awards Edition 2002". UniFrance. UniFrance Film International. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Susman, Gary (February 24, 2003). "British, French name Pianist best picture". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^"Arcand wins France's top movie prizes". The Globe and Mail. Paris, France. The Canadian Press. February 23, 2004. Archived from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^"Low-budget French film wins Cesar". BBC News. February 27, 2005. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^James, Alison (February 26, 2006). "'Heart' beats for Cesars". Variety. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Leffler, Rebecca (February 25, 2007). "'Lady Chatterley' tops French Cesar awards". The Hollywood Reporter. Paris, France. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Leffler, Rebecca (February 24, 2008). "'Vie en Rose' wins big at Cesars, 'Grain' earns best pic". The Hollywood Reporter. Paris, France. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Leffler, Rebecca (February 27, 2009). "Cesars hail 'Seraphine' best pic". The Hollywood Reporter. Paris, France. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^Leffler, Rebecca (February 27, 2010). "'A Prophet' scores nine Cesar Awards". The Hollywood Reporter. Paris, France. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2017.
^"Empire Awards 2002: Best Film". Empire (#154). Bauer Consumer Media: 56. April 2002. Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
^"Best Film". Empire. Bauer Consumer Media. 2003. Archived from the original on October 14, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
^"Best Film". Empire. Bauer Consumer Media. 2004. Archived from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
^"Best Film". Empire. Bauer Consumer Media. 2005. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
^Masters, Tim (March 28, 2010). "Sci-fi triumphs at Empire awards". BBC News. BBC. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
^ a b"IMDb Top Box Office". IMDb. Archived from the original on November 17, 2011.
^Gordon, Jeremy (February 1, 2021). "Foo Fighters Wanted to Rule Rock. 25 Years Later, They're Still Roaring". The New York Times.
^Gundersen, Edna (December 30, 2009). "The decade in music: Sales slide, pirates, digital rise". USA Today. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
^ a bReyonolds, Simon (July 15, 2011). "The Songs of Now Sound a Lot Like Then". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 14, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
^Boyd, Todd (August 19, 2004). "They're playing bas-ket-ball". ESPN. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
^Caramanica, Jon (November 9, 2009). "MYTH No. 4: Biggie & Tupac Are Hip-Hop's Pillars". Spin. Archived from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved September 4, 2011.
^"Disturbed". Billboard. June 2, 2016. Archived from the original on June 20, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
^"Breaking Benjamin". Billboard. June 2, 2016. Archived from the original on July 29, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
^"JS Online: Punk's Offspring is aging well". Archived from the original on May 13, 2007. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
^"100 Best Songs of the Decade: #68–65". Rolling Stone. December 9, 2009. Archived from the original on December 13, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2009.
^"100 Best Songs of the Decade: #48–45". Rolling Stone. December 9, 2009. Archived from the original on December 13, 2009. Retrieved December 10, 2009.
^"Every summer is 'The Summer Of Disco': Your essential 'Nu-Disco' primer (part one)". DangerousMinds. June 4, 2013. Retrieved May 13, 2020.
^"Eminem is Top Artist in Decade-End Charts; Neil Diamond Animates 'Chanukah'". Billboard. December 14, 2009. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
^"About". Billboard Music Awards. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
^"Nickelback: 'Band of the decade', according to Billboard". National Post. Canada. December 11, 2009. Retrieved February 14, 2012.[permanent dead link]
^"Beyoncé And Eminem Top Billboard Artists Of Decade". RTTnews.com. December 15, 2009. Archived from the original on October 1, 2011. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
^Allen, Nick. "Michael Jackson memorial service: the biggest celebrity send-off of all time". The Daily Telegraph, July 7, 2009. Archived April 9, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
^Hinckley, David and Richard Huff.
"Michael Jackson's memorial 2nd most-watched funeral ever, after Princess Di, say Nielsen ratings" Archived August 28, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. New York Daily News, July 8, 2009."Michael Jackson's memorial 2nd most-watched funeral ever, after Princess Di, say Nielsen ratings". New York Daily News. July 8, 2009. Archived from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
^"Robbie signs '£80m' deal". BBC News. October 2, 2002. Archived from the original on May 6, 2008.
^"'Nevermind,' never again?". CNN. September 23, 2011. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
^McCormick, Neil (August 5, 2009). "La Roux, Lady Gaga, Mika, Little Boots: the 80s are back". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on October 27, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
^Reynolds, Simon (November 26, 2009). "Simon Reynolds's Notes on the noughties: When will hip-hop hurry up and die?". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on April 11, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
^"Review of the decade: Alexis Petridis on pop". The Guardian. London. December 7, 2009. Archived from the original on April 23, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2010.
^"TECH TIME: Sound Advice – Too Legit". Time. July 4, 2003. Archived from the original on September 3, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2010.
^Leeds, Jeff (March 4, 2008). "Nine Inch Nails Fashions Innovative Web Pricing Plan". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 17, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2010.
^"Nine Inch Nails". Billboard. May 17, 1965. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
^France, Lisa (July 20, 2010). "Is the death of the CD looming?". CNN. Archived from the original on September 18, 2013. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
^Branigan, Tania (September 8, 2001). "Jackson spends £20m to be Invincible". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
^"Y2K Disco – Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber + 2000s Pop at Dreamland".
^Film:Shut up and Sing
^ a b"Dixie Chicks 'Shut Up and Sing' in Toronto". Today.com. Associated Press. September 13, 2006. Retrieved October 8, 2006.
^Susman, Gary (April 1, 2003). "Madonna pulls controversial American Life video". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
^"Yahoo News – Latest News & Headlines". Archived from the original on November 5, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
^Yabsley, Alex (2007). The Sound of Playing: A Study into the Music and Culture of Chiptunes (PDF) (Thesis). South Brisbane: Queensland Conservatorium, Griffith University. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2009.
^"MTV: Bling Bling – Advertisement". MTV. Creativity Online. July 13, 2004. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
^"Bubbles and bling". The Economist. May 8, 2006. Archived from the original on September 3, 2011. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
^"How Kanye West Changed Hip-Hop Forever with 'The College Dropout'". February 11, 2019.
^Teather, David (September 11, 2003). "Simon and Garfunkel Break sound of silence". Guardian.co.uk. Guardian. Archived from the original on January 7, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2003.
^Anon (November 27, 2006). "Take That, Westlife Ascend To No. 1 On U.K. Charts". Billboard. Archived from the original on June 3, 2013.
^"Guinness 2010 entertainment winners". TVNZ. Archived from the original on January 13, 2014. Retrieved December 17, 2009.
^Baase, Sara (2007). A Gift of Fire: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues for Computing and the Internet. 3rd edition. Prentice Hall. pp. 351–357. ISBN 0-13-600848-8.
^"Yes, Chunky Highlights Are Cool Again". Glamour. August 6, 2020. Retrieved May 2, 2024.
^"Beauty Trends of the 2000s". Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
^Brillson, Leila (February 26, 2013). "Millennial Trends – Clothing Popular in the 2000s". refinery29.com. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
^"Lookin' good in cargo pants". Retrieved August 15, 2014.
^"Skinny Jean". Time. December 20, 2006. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
^"Baggy Jeans". Retrieved August 15, 2014.
^Smith, Ray A. (July 6, 2009). "Tight Squeeze: Making Room For a New Men's Fashion". The Wall Street Journal. New York. Archived from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved November 30, 2011.
^"Jerkin' Jeneration". Los Angeles Times. May 31, 2014.
^ a b"Skechers Sport Advertisements". Archived from the original on September 11, 2004. Retrieved August 15, 2014.
^Vincent, John; Hill, John S; Lee, Jason W (September 2009). "The Multiple Brand Personalities of David Beckham: A Case Study of the Beckham Brand". Sport Marketing Quarterly. 18 (3): 173–180. ProQuest 228109028.
^"Yahoo". uk.stylelist.com. Archived from the original on September 22, 2010.
^"Whacky NBA Playoff Fashion!". YouTube. Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
^Cacciola, Scott (June 14, 2012). "NBA Finals: LeBron James, Dwyane Wade and Other Fashion Plates of the NBA Make Specs of Themselves – WSJ.com". Online.wsj.com. Archived from the original on September 22, 2013. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
^"Emo Scene Fashion Including Emo Hair, Clothing, Makeup & Accessories". Soemo.co.uk. Archived from the original on February 24, 2014. Retrieved February 19, 2014.
^"Inside the clash of the teen subcultures". smh.com.au. March 30, 2008.
^"Hip-Hop's New Steps". The New York Times. June 4, 2014.
^"Botox for Wrinkles". Baylor College of Medicine.
^Henley, Jon (September 9, 2011). "Was 9/11 really the day that changed the world for ever?". London. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2013. It was, we were soon told, "the day that changed everything", the 21st century's defining moment, the watershed by which we would forever
^Moss, Stephen (March 15, 2010). "John Simpson: 'I'm very pessimistic about the future of the BBC'". The Guardian.
^KLEIN, NAOMI (2002). FENCES AND WINDOWS. Flamingo. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-00-715047-2.
^Gillette, Felix (October 1, 2008). "Viewers Continuing to Flock to Cable News Networks". The New York Observer.
^O'Reilly, Bill (May 15, 2003). "Shoot to Kill". Fox News Network, LLC. Archived from the original on May 24, 2013.
^"And now the news: For many young viewers, it's Jon Stewart". NBC News. March 2004. Archived from the original on December 17, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
^"Dear Limey assholes". The Guardian. London. October 18, 2004. Archived from the original on December 28, 2007. Retrieved May 13, 2008.
^Bowers, Andy. "'Dear Limey Assholes ...'/A crazy British plot to swing Ohio to Kerry—and how it backfired." Slate, November 4, 2004. Archived May 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
^"Scots MPs slam Paxman 'Raj' jibe". BBC. March 15, 2005. Archived from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
^Prasad, Assaf and Basketter, Yuri, Simon and Simon. "Notting Hill Carnival crackdown targets young black men". Socialist Worker. Archived from the original on May 20, 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Bradley, Tahman (March 5, 2007). "Controversial Columnist Draws Fire for Anti-Gay Slur". ABC News. Archived from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
^"Coulter under fire for anti-gay slur". CNN. March 4, 2007. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
^Von Drehle, David (December 16, 2008). "Why History Can't Wait". Time. Archived from the original on December 17, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2008.
^Pérez-Peña, Richard (October 28, 2008). "Newspaper Circulation Continues to Decline Rapidly". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013.
^Metz, Rachel (April 27, 2009). "Newspaper circulation decline picks up speed". USA Today. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
^Newspaperdeathwatch.com, The Death of Newspapers. Retrieved December 4, 2009. Archived October 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
^The New Yorker Caleb Crain, Twilight of the Books. Retrieved December 4, 2009. Archived March 30, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
^Times Online, The decline and fall of books. Retrieved December 4, 2009. Archived May 9, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
^National Endowment for the Arts (January 12, 2009). "More American Adults Read Literature According to New NEA Study" (Press release). NEA.gov. Archived from the original on September 2, 2013. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
^"STAR FALLS FASTER AFTER AALIYAH 'JOKE'". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on December 19, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2013.
^"Fox Host John Gibson Mocks Heath Ledger's Death" Huffington Post. January 23, 2008. Archived December 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
^The John Gibson Show, Fox News Radio, January 25, 2008.
^"Chappelle's Show DVD news: S1 DVD Passes The Simpsons As #1 All-Time TV-DVD; Celebrates by Announcing Season 2!". TV Shows On DVD. Archived from the original on August 15, 2007. Retrieved July 11, 2021.
^"MSN". www.msn.com. Retrieved May 2, 2024.
^Schimkowitz, Matt (October 8, 2014). "Who's Laughing Now? The History of the Sitcom Laugh Track". IndieWire. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
^Mendelsohn, Daniel (February 24, 2011). "The Mad Men Account". Archived from the original on March 27, 2014 – via www.nybooks.com.
^"A Tribute to the "Nature Boy" Ric Flair". Archived from the original on March 26, 2022. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
^"Triple H: Wrestler of the Decade". Pro Wrestling Illustrated. Vol. 31, no. 2. February 2010.
^Karsen, Shira (October 23, 2017). "What Happened After Janet Jackson's 2004 Super Bowl 'Nipplegate' Incident". Billboard. Retrieved May 2, 2024.
^Welsh, Daniel (August 16, 2016). "20 Controversial Moments That Rocked 'The X Factor'". HuffPost.
^"Jeremy Kyle Show guest felt 'life was not worth living'". BBC News. April 22, 2024. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
^Thorpe, Vanessa (January 9, 2005). "F***you, says BBC as 50,000 rage at Spr*ng*r". The Observer. London. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2013.
^(source: Media Guardian, June 20, 2005)
^Alps, Tess (June 20, 2005). "Advertising". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
^Gibson, Owen (March 15, 2007). "Blue Peter admits rigging phone-in competition after technical hitch". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on November 14, 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2010.
^"Ofcom fines BBC £50,000 over Blue Peter". Digital Spy. July 9, 2007. Archived from the original on April 13, 2009. Retrieved September 6, 2008.
^'Rab C Nesbitt' to return on BBC Two Digital Spy, August 23, 2008 Archived January 22, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
^"Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (PDF). Nintendo Co. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
^Schreier, Jason (January 4, 2011). "Nintendo DS Line Outsells PlayStation 2, Nintendo Says". Wired.
^Henry, Lydia (April 26, 2001). "Skee-ball Mania". Reading Eagle. p. 36. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
^"Video killed the arcade star". East Valley Tribune. April 20, 2006. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
^Mabry, Donald J. "Evolution of Online Games". Archived from the original on February 9, 2008. Retrieved September 21, 2007.
^Fuller, Brad. "Awakening the Arcade". Archived from the original on October 3, 2011. Retrieved September 21, 2007.
^Guinness (February 2009). Guinness World Records 2009 Gamer's Edition. Guinness World Records. pp. 108–109. ISBN 978-1-904994-45-9. GTA: San Andreas is the best-selling PlayStation 2 game of all time, with a massive 17.33 million copies sold.
^Good, Owen (September 15, 2011). "GTA IV Overtakes San Andreas in Lifetime Sales [Correction]". Kotaku. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
^"The DS saved Nintendo while destroying handheld gaming as we knew it". Polygon. October 22, 2018.
^Rhinewald, Shane; McElrath, Noelle (May 5, 2016). "2016 World Video Game Hall of Fame Inductees Announced" (Press release). Strong National Museum of Play. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
^Chou, Yuntsai (September 2003). "G-commerce in East Asia: Evidence and Prospects". Journal of Interactive Advertising. 4 (1): 47–53. doi:10.1080/15252019.2003.10722081. S2CID 167052950.
^Jou, Eric (March 19, 2012). "The Wonderful and Seedy World of Chinese Arcades". Kotaku. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
^Nigel K. Li Pope; Kerri-Ann L. Kuhn; John J.H. Forster, eds. (2009). Digital sport for performance enhancement and competitive evolution : intelligent gaming technologies. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-60566-406-4. Retrieved March 14, 2012.
^"Top 10 Best Selling Video Games (2000–2010) Mutiplatform". March 25, 2010. Archived from the original on March 16, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^Ahmed, Shahed (January 31, 2001). "Sega announces drastic restructuring". GameSpot. Archived from the original on September 14, 2009. Retrieved September 20, 2009.
^"Hardcore Gaming 101: Sega Ages". hg101.kontek.net. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
^"SEGAbits presents The Top 100 SEGA Games". SEGAbits presents The Top 100 SEGA Games. May 9, 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
^ a b c d e f g h i jWebb, Kevin (September 12, 2019). "The best-selling video game of every year, from 1995 to 2018". Business Insider. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
^ a b c d e f g h i jWelch, Hanuman (April 23, 2013). "The Best Selling Video Game Of Every Year Since 1977". Complex. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
^"How This Book Came About", Peter Pan in Scarlet, preface.
^ a b c"The noughties in literature". December 31, 2009. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
^San José Mercury News Archived 2012-01-13 at the Wayback Machine on The Da Vinci Code: "That earlier book has sold more than 80 million copies worldwide, was adapted into a movie and made hits out of Brown's previous novels, including "Angels & Demons," whose film version is now in theaters." (5 June 2009)
^Barone, Pamela (August 17, 2008). "5 things we learned about Michael Phelps". Archived from the original on November 3, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
^Celizic, Mike (August 16, 2008). "Phelps officially world's greatest athlete ever". NBC News. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
^Forde, Pat (August 13, 2008). "It's over, there are no arguments ... Phelps is the best ever". ESPN. Archived from the original on December 25, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
^"Michael Jordan Bio". NBA. Archived from the original on September 2, 2006. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
^"Athlete bio at usfigureskating.org". Archived from the original on April 24, 2005.
^Wallace, Sam (January 12, 2007). "Beckham rejected Milan and Inter to take Galaxy millions". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on March 8, 2014. Retrieved September 9, 2008.
^"2007 MLS Player Salaries: August 31, 2007: Alphabetical" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
^"2008 MLS Player Salaries: October 7, 2008: Alphabetical" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
^"2009 MLS Player Salaries: September 15, 2009: Alphabetical" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2013. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
^Crook, Alex (November 30, 2007). "Harry Redknapp hits out at police raid on home". London. Archived from the original on January 22, 2014. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
^Jenkins, Bruce (July 7, 2008). "The Greatest Match Ever". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved February 14, 2009.
^Alleyne, Richard (July 7, 2008). "Wimbledon 2008: John McEnroe hails Rafael Nadal victory as greatest final ever". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on February 15, 2014. Retrieved February 14, 2009.
^Wertheim, Jon (July 9, 2008). "Without a doubt, it's the greatest". Tennis Mailbag. Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on August 13, 2013. Retrieved February 14, 2009.
^Tignor, Steve (July 8, 2008). "W: Report Cards". Concrete Elbow. Tennis.com. Archived from the original on August 19, 2013. Retrieved February 14, 2009.
^"Ronaldo price vulgar – Charlton". BBC. June 18, 2009. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
^Walt, Vivienne (July 16, 2008). "Why Nobody's Boycotting Beijing". Time. Archived from the original on August 22, 2013. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
^"Ron Atkinson calls Marcel Desailly a 'lazy nigger' on live TV". YouTube. February 24, 2010. Archived from the original on November 1, 2013. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
^Jussim, Matthew (May 31, 2022). "15 biggest sports doping scandals". Men's Journal. Retrieved May 2, 2024.
Further reading
London, Herbert I. The Transformational Decade: Snapshots of a Decade from 9/11 to the Obama Presidency (Lanham: University Press of America, 2012) 177 pp.
.jpg/500px-Tehran_protests_(26).jpg)
.jpg/500px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_(081).jpg)
.jpg/500px-Birendra_Bir_Bikram_Shah_c._1967_(restoration).jpg)
.jpg/500px-Visit_of_Rafic_Hariri,_Lebanese_Prime_Minister,_to_the_EC_P010848002H_(cropped).jpg)
.jpg/500px-Opportunity_in_Endurance_Crater_(cropped).jpg)
自動車用GPSデバイスは10年間で爆発的な人気を博した。
.jpg/500px-Mapas_Digitales_2_(cropped).jpg)
デジタルオーディオプレーヤー、特にiPodは、この10年間で爆発的な人気を博した。
2000 年代のDSLモデム。この 10 年間でブロードバンド インターネット接続が世界中で急速に普及し、徐々に電話回線経由のインターネット接続に取って代わりました。
この10年間で、ブルーレイフォーマットはDVDフォーマットの後継として主流となった。
MacBook Airも2000年代後半に人気を博した。_(Cartridge)_(by_HDTVTotalDOTcom)_v2.jpg/500px-IFA_2005_Panasonic_Blu-ray_Disc_Single_Layer_25GB_BD-RE_(LM-BRM25)_(Cartridge)_(by_HDTVTotalDOTcom)_v2.jpg)
-02.jpg/500px-Segway_PT_(2006)-02.jpg)
デジタルカメラは10年間で爆発的な人気を博した
.jpg/500px-Electronic_Cigarette_(cropped).jpg)
PlayStation 2（写真）、Xbox、ゲームキューブなどの第6世代および第 7 世代のビデオゲーム機は、2000 年代にヒットしました。塊魂やワンダと巨像などのヒット作は PlayStation 2 でリリースされ、グランド・セフト・オート・サンアンドレアスやトニー・ホーク プロ・スケーター 3などのより人気の高いゲームは、PlayStation 2 と Xbox でリリースされました。
任天堂のニンテンドーDS（写真）とゲームボーイアドバンスは、この10年間で最も売れた携帯型ゲーム機だった。2000年代にニンテンドーDS向けに発売されたゲームには、『スーパーマリオ64DS』、 『脳トレ！脳トレ1日1分!』、 『ニンテンドッグス』、『New スーパーマリオブラザーズ』、『ポケットモンスター ダイヤモンド・パール』、『グランド・セフト・オート：チャイナタウンウォーズ』などがある。
「ザ・ソプラノズ」や「クレイブ・ユア・エンスージアズム」はHBOで人気があり、クロスオーバー作品にもなりました。「ブレイキング・バッド」、 「ザ・オフィス」、 「ギルモア・ガールズ」、「セックス・アンド・ザ・シティ」、「ザ・ワイヤー」 、」、「Scrubs」、「Two and a Half Men」、「グレイズ・アナトミー」、、「アレステッド・ディベロプメント」など、さまざまなジャンルのテレビ番組が2000年代に人気を博しました。
iPodは2000 年代にヒットしました。iPod はクリックホイールを備え、曲を保存できるデジタル音楽プレーヤーで、最初のモデルは 2001 年に発売されました。
Wii Sports は、この 10 年間で最も売れたゲームでした。Wii は、 2000年代後半から 2010 年代前半にかけて人気を博しました。この 10 年間にリリースされたゲームには、 Wii Sports Resort、スーパーマリオギャラクシー、ゼルダの伝説 トワイライトプリンセス、大乱闘スマッシュブラザーズX 、New スーパーマリオブラザーズ Wii、マリオカート Wii、Wii Play、Wii Fit などが
コンピュータ技術の進歩と台頭により、ドリームワークス・アニメーション社によって『シュレック』、『モンスターズ・インク』、 『ファインディング・ニモ』、 『Mr.インクレディブル』 、 『カーズ』 、 『レミーのおいしいレストラン』 、 『カンフー・パンダ』、 『ボルト』などのコンピュータアニメーション映画が制作され、ディズニー-ピクサーが衰退しつつあった伝統的なアニメーション映画産業を引き継ぎました。
折りたたみ式携帯電話やキーボード付き携帯電話は、 BlackBerryやMotorolaの携帯電話のように、2000年代を通じて一般的でした。2000年代後半から2010年代のほとんどにかけて、折りたたみ式携帯電話やキーボード付き携帯電話は、iPhoneやその他のマルチタッチスマートフォンに取って代わられました。
Nokia 1100 は、2003 年後半の発売以来 2009 年までに2 億 5000 万台以上が販売され、当時世界で最も売れた携帯電話および消費者向け電子機器となりました。2000年代には、固定電話やコードレス電話などの家庭用電話も使用されました。
コメディアンのデイブ・シャペルは、2000年代半ばに風刺的なスケッチショー「チャペルズ・ショー」 （2003年～2006年）で有名になりました。2000年代半ばに人気のあった他のコメディショーには、「バーニー・マック・ショー」や「エブリバディ・ヘイツ・クリス」などがあります。
ウィングヘアカットとカーディガンセーターは2000年代中盤から後半（そして2010年代初頭）にかけて人気があり、この写真は2009年に歌手のジャスティン・ビーバーがモデルを務めたものだ。
ローライズのジーンズとクロップトップは2000年代に人気があり、女性の間でよく着用されていました。この写真は2003年にポップスターのブリトニー・スピアーズが着用した写真です。
9/11 は2000 年代初頭に大衆文化にダメージを与えました。メディアのイメージに対する敏感さが高まりました。事件後にラジオやテレビで使用された後、エンヤの「Only Time」は商業的にヒットしました。上の写真は「9/11 の未亡人」を特集したMs.誌の表紙です。
ワーナー・ブラザースの『ハリー・ポッター』と『ロード・オブ・ザ・リング』は、それぞれJRR トールキンとJK ローリングの小説シリーズを原作とし、この 10 年間で最も興行収入の高いファンタジー映画シリーズでした。ハリー・ポッターの最終巻は 2007 年に発売されました。
1999 年から 2000 年にかけて Y2K バグの恐怖が懸念された後、2000 年代初頭に Y2K 文化が登場しました。この時代は、2001 年のiPod Classic、デジタル カメラなどの当時の新技術や、光沢のあるメタリックな衣服などのファッションによって特徴づけられました。
スポンジ・ボブや、ファミリー・ガイ、アメリカン・ダッド!、フューチュラマ、キング・オブ・ザ・ヒル、サウスパーク、アクア・ティーン・ハンガー・フォース、 フィニアスとファーブ、ティーン・タイタンズ、インベーダー・ジム、アバター伝説の少年アン、フェアリー・オッド・ペアレンツなどのアニメは、 2000年代に人気がありました。
_(by_HDTVTotalDOTcom).jpg/500px-IFA_2005_Panasonic_Blu-ray_Discs_Single_and_Dual_Layer_BD-RE_(Cartridge)_(by_HDTVTotalDOTcom).jpg)
.jpg/500px-Dave_Chappelle_(cropped).jpg)
.jpg/500px-Avatar_Flight_of_Passage_(33825582954).jpg){kind=avatar}
.jpeg/500px-Dave_Grohl_(132997591).jpeg)
Caps with crop tops and low-rise pants were popular as women's wear throughout the early and mid 2000s
Typical 2000s emo hairstyle
Cardigans regained popularity in the later part of the decade, worn here by Kanye West in 2007
Bandanas, large hoop earrings and wireframe rectangle sunglasses were fashion trends in the early-2000s, as modeled here by R&B artist Aaliyah in 2000
Durags, snapbacks and polo shirts were popular in the 2000s as men's wear, shown here by rapper 50 Cent in 2006
Trucker hats became popular in the early-to-mid 2000s
Jared Leto wearing slim-fit formal wear, popular from 2008 onwards
Chunky sneakers of the early 2000s.jpg/500px-K._West_(cropped).jpg)
.jpg/500px-50_Cent_(Cropped).jpg)
.jpg/500px-American_Idol_Experience_-_Disney's_Hollywood_Studios_(3375313843).jpg)
