主成分分析。上の画像では、灰色以外の色が古代のサンプルを灰色の現代人集団の上に示し、下の画像ではラベル付けされた現代人集団を下に示しています。パレスチナ人は青銅器時代のレバント人サンプルとクラスターを形成しており、研究の著者らは「青銅器時代と現代のレバント人の重複は、この地域における遺伝的連続性の一端を示唆している」と結論付けています。(Haber et al., 2017)
2017年8月にMarc HaberらがThe American Journal of Human Geneticsに発表した研究では、著者らは「青銅器時代と現代のレバント人の重複は、この地域における遺伝的連続性の一端を示唆している」と結論付けた。[ 135 ]その後2024年にHaberは、現代のレバント人アラブ人はすべてカナン人のような祖先から派生しており、その後の移住が彼らの祖先に与えた影響はわずかであるとも述べている。[ 136 ]
ハンナ・アミット=コチャヴィは、イスラエル国内のパレスチナ人によって書かれたものと国外で書かれたものを区別する2つの流れのみを認めている(同書、11ページ)。[ 283 ]彼女はまた、1948年以前に制作された文学とそれ以降に制作された文学との間に時間的な区別も設けている。[ 283 ]スティーブン・サライタは、2003年に『Studies in the Humanities』に掲載された論文で、英語の作品、特に米国在住のパレスチナ人によって書かれた作品からなる第4の流れを提唱しており、それを「ディアスポラの国々に根ざしながらも、テーマと内容においてパレスチナに焦点を当てた作品」と定義している。[ 289 ]
1970年代にニューヨークで初めて登場した伝統的なラップ音楽から影響を受け、「若いパレスチナ人ミュージシャンは、自分たちの生活や仕事の場である社会や政治情勢に対する不満を表現するために、このスタイルを独自にアレンジしてきた」。パレスチナのヒップホップは、固定観念に挑戦し、イスラエルとパレスチナの紛争についての対話を促すことを目指している。[ 299 ]パレスチナのヒップホップアーティストは、アメリカのラッパーのメッセージに強く影響を受けている。タマル・ナファルは、「トゥパックが『It's a White Man's World』を歌っているのを聴いて、ヒップホップを真剣にやってみようと思った」と語っている。[ 300 ]アメリカのヒップホップの影響に加えて、アラビア語の話し言葉に例えられる「ザジャル、マワル、サージ」などのパレスチナ音楽やアラビア音楽の音楽的要素も取り入れているほか、アラビア音楽のパーカッシブさや叙情性も取り入れている。
1 2 「Zalaquett pone a Chile como modelo de convivencia Palestino-judía」[ザラクエットはチリをパレスチナ人とユダヤ人の共存のモデルに設定]。ディアリオ・ラ・ナシオン(スペイン語)。 2009 年 10 月 16 日。2016年 3 月 8 日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2024 年12 月 27 日に取得。
↑ "Cómo llegó Chile a tener la Major comunidad de Palestinos fuera de Israel y del mundo árabe" [チリがイスラエルとアラブ世界の外で最大のパレスチナ人コミュニティを持つようになった経緯]。BBCムンド(スペイン語)。 2023 年 11 月 6 日。2024 年12 月 27 日に取得。
↑ホルヘ・アルベルト・アマヤ(2015年7月23日)。「Los Árabes y Palestinos en Honduras: su establecimiento e Impacto en la sociedad hondureña contemporánea: 1900–2009」[ホンジュラスのアラブ人とパレスチナ人: 現代ホンジュラス社会へのその確立と影響: 1900–2009 ] (スペイン語)。2016年8月18日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。En suma, los árabes y Palestinos, arribados al país a Finales del siglo XIX, dominan hoy en día la economía del país, y cada vez están emergiendo como actresss importantes de la clase politica hondureña y forman,チリの住民、アメリカ・ラテンアメリカのパレスチノ子孫の市長集中、15万人から20万人の人物が集まっています。要するに、19世紀末にホンジュラスに渡来したアラブ人とパレスチナ人は、今日ホンジュラス経済を支配しており、ホンジュラスの政治階級においてますます重要な役割を担うようになっている。彼らはチリに次いでラテンアメリカで2番目に大きなパレスチナ系住民の集中地域を形成しており、その数は15万人から20万人に上る。
↑ Andrea, Alfred J. ; Overfield, James H. (2011). The Human Record: Sources of Global History, Volume II: Since 1500 (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 437. ISBN978-1-133-42004-0。
↑ Albanese, Francesca; Takkenberg, Lex (2020). Palestinian Refugees in International Law . Oxford University Press. p. 163. ISBN978-0-19-878404-32025年10月1日に取得。
↑ Farsoun, Samih K. (2005). "パレスチナのディアスポラ" . Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R.; Skoggard, Ian A. (編)『ディアスポラ百科事典:世界の移民と難民の文化』 Springer. pp. 234–. ISBN978-0-306-48321-92023年11月29日にオリジナルからアーカイブされました。2024年9月21日に取得。
1 2キューバート、ハロルド M. (2014年6月3日).中東におけるPFLPの役割の変化. ラウトレッジ. p. 36. ISBN978-1-135-22022-82023年12月31日取得。同年、アル・カルミルは「シオニストの植民地化に反対する目的で」ハイファで創刊され、1911年にはファラスティンが発行を開始し、読者を初めて「パレスチナ人」と呼んだ。
↑スミス、マーク (2002)。『神の初期の歴史:古代イスラエルのヤハウェとその他の神々』ウィリアム B. アードマンズ出版会社、 6-7頁。カナン人とイスラエル人は根本的に異なる文化を持つ人々であるという長きにわたる定説にもかかわらず、考古学的データは現在この見解に疑問を投げかけている。この地域の物質文化は、鉄器時代 I 期 (紀元前 1200 年~1000 年頃) のイスラエル人とカナン人の間に多くの共通点を示している。記録によれば、イスラエル人の文化はカナン人の文化と大きく重なり、そこから派生したものであったと考えられる。要するに、イスラエル人の文化は本質的にカナン人の文化に大きく影響を受けていた。入手可能な情報を考慮すると、鉄器時代 I 期のカナン人とイスラエル人の間に根本的な文化的分離を維持することはできない。
↑ホプキンス、デイビッド・C. (1985).カナン高地:初期鉄器時代の農業生活. アーモンド社. p. 22. ISBN978-0-907459-39-2。
↑ Bar, Doron (2003). "The Christianisation of Rural Palestine during Late Antiquity". The Journal of Ecclesiastical History . 54 (3): 401– 421. doi : 10.1017/s0022046903007309 . ISSN 0022-0469 .ビザンツ時代のパレスチナの歴史に関する支配的な見解は、4 世紀の土地の聖別初期段階と、聖地に教会を建てる際に伴う多額の外部からの資金投資を、住民のキリスト教化と結びつけている。教会は主に聖地に建てられ、12 同時に、キリスト教の「聖地」としてのパレスチナの位置づけと独特の地位がより強固になった。こうしたことすべてに加えて、移民や改宗も相まって、パレスチナのキリスト教化はローマ帝国の他の地域よりもはるかに急速に進み、異教の信仰が根絶され、5世紀半ばにはキリスト教徒が明らかに多数派となったと言われている。
↑Broshi, Magen (1979). "The Population of Western Palestine in the Roman-Byzantine Period". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 236 (236): 1–10. doi:10.2307/1356664. ISSN0003-097X. JSTOR1356664. S2CID24341643.
↑Broshi, Magen; Finkelstein, Israel (August 1992). "The Population of Palestine in Iron Age II". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 287 (1): 47–60. doi:10.2307/1357138. JSTOR1357138. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023.
12Levy-Rubin, Milka (2000). "New Evidence Relating to the Process of Islamization in Palestine in the Early Muslim Period: The Case of Samaria". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 43 (3): 257–276. doi:10.1163/156852000511303. ISSN0022-4995. JSTOR3632444.
↑Ellenblum, Ronnie (2010). Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-511-58534-0. OCLC958547332. From the data given above it can be concluded that the Muslim population of Central Samaria, during the early Muslim period, was not an autochthonous population which had converted to Christianity. They arrived there either by way of migration or as a result of a process of sedentarization of the nomads who had filled the vacuum created by the departing Samaritans at the end of the Byzantine period [...] To sum up: in the only rural region in Palestine in which, according to all the written and archeological sources, the process of Islamization was completed already in the twelfth century, there occurred events consistent with the model propounded by Levtzion and Vryonis: the region was abandoned by its original sedentary population and the subsequent vacuum was apparently filled by nomads who, at a later stage, gradually became sedentarized
↑Wickham, Chris (2005). Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400–900. Oxford University Press. p.130. ISBN978-0-19-926449-0. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. In Syria and Palestine, where there were already Arabs before the conquest, settlement was also permitted in the old urban centres and elsewhere, presumably privileging the political centres of the provinces.
↑Avni, Gideon (2014). The Byzantine-Islamic Transition in Palestine: An Archaeological Approach. Oxford University Press. pp.312–324, 329. (theory of imported population unsubstantiated).
↑Lapidus, Ira M. (2014) [1988]. A History of Islamic Societies (3rded.). Cambridge University Press. p.156. ISBN978-1-139-99150-6. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023.
↑Tessler, Mark A. (1994). A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Indiana University Press. p.70. ISBN0-253-20873-4. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024.
↑Ira M. Lapidus, Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global HistoryArchived 29 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine, Cambridge University Press, 2012, p. 201.
↑Al-Ju'beh, Nazmi (26 May 2009). Palestinian Identity and Cultural Heritage. Contemporain publications. Presses de l'Ifpo. pp.205–231. ISBN978-2-35159-265-6. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
↑Kacowicz, Arie Marcelo; Lutomski, Pawel (2007). Population Resettlement in International Conflicts: A Comparative Study. Lexington Books. p.194. ISBN978-0-7391-1607-4. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
↑Grossman, David (2017). Distribution and Population Density During the Late Ottoman and Early Mandate Periods (9781315128825ed.). New York: Routledge. pp.44–52. doi:10.4324/9781315128825. ISBN978-1-315-12882-5. Archived from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023. They came from Circassia and Chechnya, and were refugees from territories annexed by Russia in 1864, and the Bosnian Muslims, whose province was lost to Serbia in 1878. Belonging to this category were the Algerians (Mughrabis), who arrived in Syria and Palestine in several waves after 1850 in the wake of France's conquest of their country and the waves of Egyptian migration to Palestine and Syria during the rule of Muhammad Ali and his son, Ibrahim Pasha. [...] In most cases the Egyptian army dropouts and the other Egyptian settlers preferred to settle in existing localities, rather than to establish new villages. In the southern coastal plain and Ramla zones there were at least nineteen villages which had families of Egyptian origin, and in the northern part of Samaria, including the 'Ara Valley, there are a number of villages with substantial population of Egyptian stock.
↑Frantzman, Seth J.; Kark, Ruth (16 April 2013). "The Muslim Settlement of Late Ottoman and Mandatory Palestine: Comparison with Jewish Settlement Patterns". Digest of Middle East Studies. 22 (1): 77. doi:10.1111/j.1949-3606.2012.00172.x. ISSN1060-4367. Some of these Muslims were Egyptian and Algerian immigrants who came to Palestine in the first half of the nineteenth century from foreign lands. There were also Algerians, Bosnians, and Circassians, who came in the second half of the nineteenth century, but most were from within the borders of Palestine.
↑Swedenburg, Ted (2003). Memories of Revolt: The 1936–1939 Rebellion and the Palestinian National Past. University of Arkansas Press. p.81. ISBN978-1-55728-763-2. These primordialist claims regarding the Palestinians' primeval and prior roots in the land operated at the level of the collective. When it came to an individual's own family, however, Arab-Islamic discourse took precedence over archaeological justifications. I ran across no Palestinian villager (or urbanite) who claimed personal descent from the Canaanites. Villagers typically traced their family or their hamila's origins back to a more recent past in the Arabian peninsula. Many avowed descent from some nomadic tribe that had migrated from Arabia to Palestine either during or shortly after the Arab-Islamic conquests. By such a claim they inserted their family's history into the narrative of Arab and Islamic civilization and connected themselves to a genealogy that possessed greater local and contemporary prestige than did ancient or pre-Islamic descent. Several men specifically connected their forefathers' date of entry into Palestine to their participation in the army of Salih al-Din al-Ayyubi (Saladin), a historical figure whose significance has been retrospectively enlarged by nationalist discourse such that he is now regarded not merely as a hero of "Islamic" civilization but as a "national" luminary as well.+ (Modern nationalist discourse tends to downplay Salah al-Din's Kurdish origins.) Palestinians of all political stripes viewed Salah al-Din's wars against the Crusaders as a forerunner of the current combats against foreign intruders. Many considered Salah al-Din's victory over the Crusaders at Hittin (A.D. 1187) as a historical precedent that offered hope for their own eventual triumph even if, like the Crusader wars, the current struggle with Israel was destined to last more than two centuries. Family histories affiliated to earlier "patriotic" struggles against European aggression tied interviewees to a continuous narrative of national resistance. Villagers claiming descent from Arabs who entered Palestine during the Arab-Islamic conquest equally viewed these origins as establishing their historical precedence over the Jews
↑Lowin, Shari (1 October 2010), "Khaybar", Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World, Brill, pp.148–150, doi:10.1163/1878-9781_ejiw_com_0012910, retrieved 22 June 2023, Khaybar's Jews appear in Arab folklore as well. [...] The Muḥamara family of the Arab village of Yutta, near Hebron, trace their descent to the Jews of Khaybar. Families in other nearby villages tell of similar lineages.
↑Erlich (Zhabo), Ze'ev H.; Rotter, Meir (2021). "ארבע מנורות שומרוניות בכפר חג'ה שבשומרון"[Four Samaritan Menorahs from the village of Hajjeh, Samaria]. במעבה ההר. 11 (2). Ariel University Publishing: 188–204. doi:10.26351/IHD/11-2/3. S2CID245363335.
12Kim, Byung-Ju; Choi, Jaejin; Kim, Sung-Hou (2023). "On whole-genome demography of world's ethnic groups and individual genomic identity". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 6316. Bibcode:2023NatSR..13.6316K. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-32325-w. PMC10113208. PMID37072456.
↑Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Weiss, Deborah A.; Weale, Michael; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella; Thomas, Mark G. (December 2000). "High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews" (PDF). Human Genetics. 107(6): 630–641. doi:10.1007/s004390000426. PMID11153918. S2CID8136092. According to historical records part, or perhaps the majority, of the Muslim Arabs in this country descended from local inhabitants, mainly Christians and Jews, who had converted after the Islamic conquest in the seventh century AD (Shaban 1971; Mc Graw Donner 1981). These local inhabitants, in turn, were descendants of the core population that had lived in the area for several centuries, some even since prehistorical times (Gil 1992)... Thus, our findings are in good agreement with the historical record...
12Agranat-Tamir L, Waldman S, Martin MS, Gokhman D, Mishol N, Eshel T, Cheronet O, Rohland N, Mallick S, Adamski N, Lawson AM, Mah M, Michel MM, Oppenheimer J, Stewardson K, Candilio F, Keating D, Gamarra B, Tzur S, Novak M, Kalisher R, Bechar S, Eshed V, Kennett DJ, Faerman M, Yahalom-Mack N, Monge JM, Govrin Y, Erel Y, Yakir B, Pinhasi R, Carmi S, Finkelstein I, Reich D (May 2020). "The Genomic History of the Bronze Age Southern Levant". Cell. 181 (5): 1153–1154. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.024. PMC10212583. PMID32470400.
↑Atzmon G, Hao L, Pe'er I, Velez C, Pearlman A, Palamara PF, Morrow B, Friedman E, Oddoux C, Burns E, Ostrer H (June 2010). "Abraham's children in the genome era: major Jewish diaspora populations comprise distinct genetic clusters with shared Middle Eastern Ancestry". American Journal of Human Genetics. 86 (6): 850–9. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015. PMC3032072. PMID20560205.
↑Haber, Marc; Gauguier, Dominique; Youhanna, Sonia; Patterson, Nick; Moorjani, Priya; Botigué, Laura R.; Platt, Daniel E.; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Wells, R. Spencer; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Comas, David; Zalloua, Pierre A. (2013). "Genome-wide diversity in the levant reveals recent structuring by culture". PLOS Genetics. 9 (2) e1003316. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003316. PMC3585000. PMID23468648.
12Das, R; Wexler, P; Pirooznia, M; Elhaik, E (2017). "The Origins of Ashkenaz, Ashkenazic Jews, and Yiddish". Frontiers in Genetics. 8 87. doi:10.3389/fgene.2017.00087. PMC5478715. PMID28680441.
12Pearson, Nathaniel (11 January 2022). "The splendid tapestry: How DNA reveals truths, ancient & lasting". TED: Ideas Worth Spreading. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
↑Doron M. Behar; Bayazit Yunusbayev; Mait Metspalu; Ene Metspalu; Saharon Rosset; Jüri Parik; Siiri Rootsi; Gyaneshwer Chaubey; Ildus Kutuev; Guennady Yudkovsky; Elza K. Khusnutdinova; Oleg Balanovsky; Olga Balaganskaya; Ornella Semino; Luisa Pereira; David Comas; David Gurwitz; Batsheva Bonne-Tamir; Tudor Parfitt; Michael F. Hammer; Karl Skorecki; Richard Villems (July 2010). "The genome-wide structure of the Jewish people". Nature. 466 (7303): 238–42. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..238B. doi:10.1038/nature09103. PMID20531471. S2CID4307824.
↑Hajjej, Abdelhafidh; Almawi, Wassim Y.; Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio; Hattab, Lasmar; Hmida, Slama (9 March 2018). "The genetic heterogeneity of Arab populations as inferred from HLA genes". PLOS ONE. 13 (3) e0192269. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1392269H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192269. ISSN1932-6203. PMC5844529. PMID29522542.
↑Fernandes, Verónica; Triska, Petr; Pereira, Joana B.; Alshamali, Farida; Rito, Teresa; Machado, Alison; Fajkošová, Zuzana; Cavadas, Bruno; Černý, Viktor; Soares, Pedro; Richards, Martin B.; Pereira, Luísa (2015). Chaubey, Gyaneshwer (ed.). "Genetic Stratigraphy of Key Demographic Events in Arabia". PLOS ONE. 10 (3) e0118625. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1018625F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118625. ISSN1932-6203. PMC4349752. PMID25738654. Palestinians (similar to the Samaritans and some of the Druze), highlighting their primarily indigenous origin
↑Nebel A, Filon D, Weiss DA, Weale M, Faerman M, Oppenheim A, Thomas MG (December 2000). "High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews". Human Genetics. 107 (6): 630–41. doi:10.1007/s004390000426. PMID11153918. S2CID8136092.
↑Haber, M; Doumet-Serhal, C; Scheib, C; Xue, Y; Danecek, P; Mezzavilla, M; Youhanna, S; Martiniano, R; Prado-Martinez, J; Szpak, M; Matisoo-Smith, E; Schutkowski, H; Mikulski, R; Zalloua, P; Kivisild, T; Tyler-Smith, C (3 August 2017). "Continuity and Admixture in the Last Five Millennia of Levantine History from Ancient Canaanite and Present-Day Lebanese Genome Sequences". American Journal of Human Genetics. 101 (2): 274–282. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.06.013. PMC5544389. PMID28757201.
↑Marc Haber on X: "All Levantines descend from Canaanite-like ancestors (Haber et al 2017, Agranat-Tamir 2020). Later admixture slightly changed ancestry". 17 January 2024.
↑Badro, Danielle A.; Douaihy, Bouchra; Haber, Marc; Youhanna, Sonia C.; Salloum, Angélique; Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella; Johnsrud, Brian; Khazen, Georges; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth; Soria-Hernanz, David F.; Wells, R. Spencer; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Platt, Daniel E.; Zalloua, Pierre A.; Consortium, The Genographic (2013-01-30). "Y-Chromosome and mtDNA Genetics Reveal Significant Contrasts in Affinities of Modern Middle Eastern Populations with European and African Populations". PLOS ONE. 8 (1) e54616. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...854616B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054616. ISSN1932-6203. PMC3559847. PMID23382925.
↑Ana Teresa Fernandes; Rita Gonçalves; Sara Gomes; Dvora Filon; Almut Nebel; Marina Faerman; António Brehm (November 2011). "Y-chromosomal STRs in two populations from Israel and the Palestinian Authority Area: Christian and Muslim Arabs". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 5 (5): 561–562. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.08.005. hdl:10400.13/4485. PMID20843760.
↑Richards, Martin; Rengo, Chiara; Cruciani, Fulvio; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F.; Scozzari, Rosaria; Macaulay, Vincent; Torroni, Antonio (2003). "Extensive Female-Mediated Gene Flow from Sub-Saharan Africa into Near Eastern Arab Populations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (4): 1058–1064. doi:10.1086/374384. PMC1180338. PMID12629598.
12Tamir Sorek (2004). "The Orange and the Cross in the Crescent"(PDF). Nations and Nationalism. 10 (3): 269–291. doi:10.1111/j.1354-5078.2004.00167.x. Archived(PDF) from the original on 5 May 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
↑Rashid Khalidi, "Palestinian Identity", pp. 117ff, p. 142Archived 29 November 2023 at the Wayback Machine.
↑Zachary J Foster, Emanuel Beška, "The Origins of the term 'Palestinian' ('Filasṭīnī') in late Ottoman Palestine, 1898–1914Archived 15 October 2023 at the Wayback Machine", Academic Letters 2021 pp.1–22
↑Karsh, Efraim. Arafat's War: The Man and His Battle for Israeli Conquest. New York: Grove Press, 2003. p. 43. "Upon occupying the West Bank during the 1948 war, King Abdallah moved quickly to erase all traces of corporate Palestinian identity."
↑Yehoshua Porath (1977). Palestinian Arab National Movement: From Riots to Rebellion: 1929–1939, vol. 2. Frank Cass and Co., Ltd. pp.81–82.
↑Don Atapattu (16 June 2004). "Interview With Middle East Scholar Avi Shlaim: America, Israel and the Middle East". The Nation. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2008.
↑Only "peoples" are entitled to self-determination in contemporary international law (See Self-determination and National Minorities, Oxford Monographs in International Law, Thomas D. Musgrave, Oxford University Press, 1997, ISBN0-19-829898-6, p. 170). In 2004, the International Court of Justice said that Israel had recognized the existence of a "Palestinian people" and referred a number of times to the Palestinian people and its "legitimate rights" in international agreements. The Court said those rights include the right to self-determination(See paragraph 118 of Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory "Cour internationale de Justice – International Court of Justice | International Court of Justice"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 6 July 2010.). Judge Koroma explained "The Court has also held that the right of self-determination as an established and recognized right under international law applies to the territory and to the Palestinian people. Accordingly, the exercise of such right entitles the Palestinian people to a State of their own as originally envisaged in resolution 181 (II) and subsequently confirmed." Judge Higgins also said "that the Palestinian people are entitled to their territory, to exercise self-determination, and to have their own State"(See paragraph 5, Separate opinion of Judge Koroma "Cour internationale de Justice – International Court of Justice | International Court of Justice"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2010. and paragraph 18, Separate opinion of Judge Higgins "Cour internationale de Justice – International Court of Justice | International Court of Justice"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2010.). Paul De Waart said that the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice in 2004 "ascertained the present responsibility of the United Nations to protect Palestine's statehood. It affirmed the applicability of the prohibition of acquisition of Palestinian territory by Israel and confirmed the illegality of the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Moreover, the existence of the Palestinian people as the rightful claimant to the Occupied Palestinian Territory is no longer open to question (See De Waart, Paul J. I. M., "International Court of Justice Firmly Walled in the Law of Power in the Israeli–Palestinian Peace Process", Leiden Journal of International Law, 18 (2005), pp. 467–487).
↑"John Dugard's "Situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967"". Domino.un.org. Archived from the original on 30 December 2007. Retrieved 22 April 2009.
↑Israel News (8 September 2012). "Palestinian Authority to revive statehood bid". Ynet News. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
↑Benny Morris, Righteous Victims, p. 48 in the French edition.
↑Benny Morris, Righteous Victims, p.49 in the French edition.
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