↑ 「トゥルキエ・ジュムフリイェティ・アナヤサス」(トルコ語)。トルコ大国民議会。2020年7月2日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2020 年7 月 1 日に取得。3. マッデ: Devletin Bütünlüğü、Resmi Dili、Bayrağı、Milli Marşı ve Başkenti: Türkiye Devleti、ülkesi ve milletiyle bölünmez bir bütündür。ディリ・テュルクチェディル。 Bayrağı、şekli kanununda belirtilen、beyaz ay yıldızlı al Bayraktır。 Milli marşı「İstiklal Marşı」dır。バスケンティ・アンカラドゥル。
Ahmed 2006、p. 1576:「トルコの多様性は、世界最古の文明に近い中心的な地理的位置と、人口移動や侵略に満ちた歴史に由来する。ハッタイト文化は紀元前2000年以前の青銅器時代に隆盛を極めたが、紀元前2千年紀までにアナトリアを征服したインド・ヨーロッパ語族のヒッタイト人に取って代わられた。一方、トルコ領トラキアは、その地名の由来となった別のインド・ヨーロッパ語族の集団、トラキア人によって支配されるようになった。」
Schayegh, Cyrus (2024). "A Late/Post-Imperial Region of Difference: The Ottoman Empire and its Successor Polities in Southeastern Europe, Turkey, and the Arab East, c. 1850s–1940s". Journal of World History . 35 (4): 579– 622. doi : 10.1353/jwh.2024.a943172 . ISSN 1527-8050 . 1821年から1919~1922年のトルコ・ギリシャ戦争までの間に、約550万人のイスラム教徒が、強制移住中の病気や飢餓など、宗教的・民族的戦争に関連した原因で、南東ヨーロッパ、クリミア、コーカサスで死亡した。
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Lee 2023、p. 4:「また、ティエレ族やテュルク族を含む初期のテュルク系民族でさえ、異質な要素から構成されていたことに留意すべきである。重要なことに、DNA研究は、テュルク系民族の拡大過程には、様々な非テュルク語話者集団のテュルク化が伴っていたことを示している。「テュルク人」は、ユーラシア大陸各地の様々な先住民族と混血し、テュルク化した。北ユーラシアのウラル系狩猟採集民、モンゴルのモンゴル系遊牧民、新疆、トランスオクシアナ、イラン、カザフスタン、南シベリアのインド・ヨーロッパ語族を話す遊牧民および定住者、そしてアナトリアとバルカン半島のインド・ヨーロッパ系要素(ビザンツ帝国の臣民など)である。11」
↑カラカシュ、イスメット。サリカ、アブドラ(2024年7月12日)。「Adalet Bakanı Tunç: Demokrasiye müdahale olmasın diye hem yargımız hem yasamamız gerekli tedbirleri almaya devam ediyor」。アナドル代理店。
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↑ Komuscu, Ali Umran (2022). "トルコの降水地域のダイナミクス:気候変動性に関するK平均法によるクラスタリングアプローチ" . Journal of Water and Climate Change . 13 (10): 3578– 3606. Bibcode : 2022JWCC...13.3578K . doi : 10.2166/wcc.2022.186 . ISSN 2040-2244 .この記事には、 CC BY 4.0ライセンスの下で利用可能なこの出典からのテキストが含まれています。
↑ Beck, Hylke E.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; McVicar, Tim R.; Vergopolan, Noemi; Berg, Alexis; Wood, Eric F. (2018). "現在および将来のケッペン・ガイガー気候区分図(1km解像度)" . Scientific Data . 5 180214. Bibcode : 2018NatSD...580214B . doi : 10.1038/sdata.2018.214 . PMC 6207062. PMID 30375988 .この記事には、 CC BY 4.0ライセンスの下で利用可能なこの出典からのテキストが含まれています。
↑ Borsuk, Imren; Levin, Paul T. (2021年4月3日). 「トルコの権威主義体制移行期における社会的共存と暴力」 . Southeast European and Black Sea Studies . 21 (2). Informa UK Limited: 175–187 . doi : 10.1080/14683857.2021.1909292 . ISSN 1468-3857 . S2CID 233594832 .
↑ Sarfati, Yusuf (2025年6月)「トルコは本格的な権威主義へと滑り落ちているのか?抗議、反対、そして抵抗」Political Insight . 16 (2): 13– 15. doi : 10.1177/20419058251351473 .
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