ハドソン郡 | |
|---|---|
ハドソン ウォーターフロントの北側の景色 | |
米国ニュージャージー州内の位置 | |
ニュージャージー州の米国内での位置 | |
| 座標: 40°44′N 74°05′W / 40.73°N 74.08°W / 40.73; -74.08 | |
| 国 | |
| 州 | |
| 設立 | 1840 |
| 名前の由来 | ヘンリー・ハドソン |
| シート | ジャージーシティ[1] |
| 最大の都市 | ジャージーシティ(人口と面積) |
| 政府 | |
| • 郡長 | クレイグ・ガイ(民主党、任期は2027年12月31日まで) |
| エリア [2] | |
| • 合計 | 62.35平方マイル(161.5 km 2) |
| • 土地 | 46.19平方マイル(119.6 km 2) |
| • 水 | 16.15平方マイル(41.8 km 2) 25.9% |
| 人口 (2020年)[3] | |
| • 合計 | 724,854 |
| • 見積もり (2023年)[3] [4] | 705,472 |
| • 密度 | 12,000/平方マイル(4,500/km 2) |
| 議会選挙区 | 8日、9日、10日 |
| Webサイト | 詳しくはこちら |
ハドソン郡は、アメリカ合衆国ニュージャージー州で最も小さく、最も人口密度の高い郡である。ハドソン川下流の西に位置し、川名は1609年にこの地域を探検した船長ヘンリー・ハドソンにちなんで名付けられた。[5]ニューヨーク大都市圏のニュージャージー州ゲートウェイ地域の一部であり、郡庁所在地はジャージーシティである[1]。同市は人口と面積の両方で同郡最大の都市である。同郡は州の北ジャージー地域の一部である。 [6]
2020年のアメリカ合衆国国勢調査の時点で、この郡は州で4番目に人口が多く、過去10年間で最も急速に成長した郡であり、[7]人口は724,854人であり、[3] [8] 10年ごとの人口としては過去最高であり、 2010年の国勢調査の人口634,266人から90,588人(+14.3%)増加しており、[9] 2000年の国勢調査の人口608,975人から25,291人(+4.2%)増加していることを反映している。[10] [11]
ハドソン郡は、2020年に1平方マイルあたり15,693人の住民(6,130人/km2)が住み、面積は46.19平方マイル(119.6 km2 )で、ニュージャージー州で最も小さく、最も人口密度の高い郡です。[9]ハドソン郡は、ハドソン川の対岸にあるマンハッタンや、ニュージャージー州北部と中央部のほとんどと広範囲にわたる公共交通機関の接続を共有しています。
地理と気候
気候
ハドソン郡の平均気温は51.89°Fで、州平均の51.93°Fとほぼ同じで、全国平均の54.45°Fよりも低い。[12]
この郡は米国東海岸に位置し、赤道と北極のほぼ中間に位置しているため、湿った、乾燥した、暑い、寒い気流の影響を受け、日々の天候が非常に変わりやすい気候となっている。ニュージャージー州の 5 つの気候区分のうち、ハドソン郡は中央地域に位置し、ニューヨーク港とハドソン川下流から州都トレントン付近のデラウェア川の大きな湾曲部まで広がっている。この地域の都市部が多いのは、大量の汚染物質を排出する産業と車両交通量が多いことが特徴である。これらの物質は、この地域の建物を構成する大量のアスファルト、レンガ、コンクリートとともに、大気中の熱をより多く保持するため、周囲の郊外や田舎よりも常に暖かい「ヒートアイランド」となっている。中央地域の北の境界は、冬には凍結降水量と非凍結降水量の境界、夏には快適な睡眠条件と快適な睡眠条件の境界となることが多い。[13]
ハドソン郡では年間平均116日降雨があり、年間降水量は48インチで全国平均の38インチを上回り、降雪量は26インチで全国平均の28インチを上回っています。夏の最高気温は7月で約86度、冬の最低気温は1月で25度です。平均すると、郡内の年間晴天日は219日で、全国平均の205日を上回っています。[14]
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郡庁所在地ジャージーシティの平均気温は、1月の最低27°F(-3°C)から7月の最高84°F(29°C)までの範囲であるが、1934年2月に最低-15°F(-26°C)を記録し、1936年7月に最高106°F(41°C)を記録した。月平均降水量は、2月の3.21インチ(82 mm)から7月の4.60インチ(117 mm)までの範囲であった。[15]
地形と国境

アメリカ合衆国国勢調査局によると、2020年国勢調査時点で、この郡の総面積は62.35平方マイル(161.5 km 2)で、そのうち46.19平方マイル(119.6 km 2)が陸地(74.1%)、16.15平方マイル(41.8 km 2)が水域(25.9%)であった。[2]陸地面積に基づくと、ニュージャージー州の21の郡の中で最小であり、次に小さい郡(ユニオン郡)の半分以下であり[2] 、アメリカ合衆国の郡の中では8番目に小さい。[16]
ハドソンは、ニュージャージー州北東部のニューヨーク大都市圏の中心部に位置しています。東はハドソン川とアッパーニューヨーク湾、南はキルヴァンカル、西はニューアーク湾とハッケンサック川またはパセーイク川に接しており、北と西はバーゲン郡とのみ陸地の境界線が接しています。[ 17 ]
地形は、北にニュージャージー・パリセード、東にハドソン川を見下ろす崖、西に緩やかな傾斜が特徴的である。南の半島に向かって徐々に平らになり、海岸沿いの平坦な地形となっている。ハッケンサックとパセーイク周辺の西部地域はニュージャージー・メドウランズの一部である。郡の広大な海岸線と沿岸地帯に沿った土地の多くは、干拓によって造成された。[18]
最高地点はウェスト・ニューヨークにあり、海抜260フィート(79メートル)である。[19] [20]最低地点は海抜である。ノース・バーゲンはサンフランシスコに次いで米国で2番目に1平方マイルあたりの丘陵が多い都市である。[21]
リバティ州立公園の向かいにあるエリス島とリバティ島は、ニューヨーク州境まで広がるハドソン郡の水域に完全に含まれている。リバティ島はニューヨーク州の一部である。大部分が埋め立てによって作られたエリス島は、27.5エーカー(11.1ヘクタール)の陸地面積を誇り、2.74エーカー(1.11ヘクタール)の自然島と隣接する地域は、3.3エーカー(1.3ヘクタール)のニューヨーク州の飛び地となっている。 [22] [23]キル・ヴァン・カルにあるシューターズ島もニューヨーク州と共有されている。ロビンズリーフ灯台は、ベイヨンとジャージーシティのウォーターフロントに平行に走る岩礁の上に位置している。

郡の大部分はハッケンサック川とハドソン川の間にあり、地理的に細長い半島(バーゲン・ネックと呼ばれることもある)に位置している。この半島は市街地が連続しており、市境を越えたのがいつなのか分からないことが多い。これらの境界線と地形(多くの丘や入り江を含む)によって、非常に特徴的な地区が作られている。ケネディ・ブールバードは半島の全長にわたって走っている。[24]バーゲン・ヒルには鉄道や車両用の多数の切通しがある。
マンハッタンに近いことから、ニューヨーク市の第6の行政区と呼ばれることもあります。[25] [26] [27]
歴史
語源
ハドソン郡は、この地域の大部分を測量した探検家ヘンリー・ハドソンにちなんで名付けられました。
レナペ族とニューネザーランド

17 世紀にヨーロッパ人と接触があった当時、ハドソン郡はレナペ族(またはレニ・レナペ族)、すなわちハッケンサック族、タッパン族、ラリタン族、マンハッタン族として知られる部族 (または家族グループ) の領土でした。彼らは季節的に移動する民族で、狩猟と採集による小規模農業 (混植)を行っていましたが、その地域の地形を考えると、狩猟と採集には (貝の) 漁や罠猟が多かったと考えられます。これらのグループはヨーロッパ人と早くから頻繁に交易を行っていました。彼らのアルゴンキン語は、コミュニポー、ハルシマス、ハッケンサック、ホーボーケン、ウィーホーケン、セコーカス、パムラポなど、多くの地元の地名に今でも残っています。
郡名と川名の由来となったヘンリー・ハドソンは、1609年にハルシマス・コーブとウィーホーケン・コーブに船ハルヴ・マーン(半月)を停泊させた際、この地域の領有権を主張した。[28]ノース川(当時はそう呼ばれていた) の西岸と、その周囲およびその向こうの崖、丘、湿地帯には、ニューアムステルダムと同時期に低地から来たヨーロッパ人(オランダ人、フランドル人、ワロン人、ユグノー人)が入植した。1630年、ミヒール・パウが土地特許、つまり後見権を取得し、ハドソン川とハッケンサック川の間の土地を購入し、自身の名前のラテン語形であるパヴォニアと名付けた。[29]彼はこの地域に入植することができず、オランダ西インド会社に所有地を返還せざるを得なかった。コミュニポー(1633年)、ハルシマス(1634年)、パウルス・フック(1638年)、ホーバック(1643年)に開拓地が設立された。レナペ族との関係は希薄で、最終的にはキーフトの戦争に発展した。この戦争はコミュニポーでのオランダ人による虐殺に始まり、ヨーロッパ人によるアメリカ先住民の最初の大量虐殺の1つと考えられている。州全体での一連の襲撃と報復は2年間続き、不安定な休戦で終わった。他の開拓地はコンスタブル・フック(1646年)、アウィーハーケン(1647年)、およびバーゲン・ネックのアクター・コルのその他の土地に設立された。 1658年、ニューネーデルランドの長官ピーター・ストイヴェサントは、レナペ族と交渉し、シカケスから南のバーゲンポイント/コンスタブルフックまでの半島全体を含む、「ウィーハッケンの上の大きな岩のそば」にあるバーゲンと名付けられた地域を買い戻す契約を結んだ。[30] 1661年、現在のバーゲンスクエアの場所に新しい村/駐屯地の認可が与えられ、ニュージャージー州で最も古い自治自治体と考えられているものが設立された。イギリスは1664年にこの地域の支配権を獲得し、オランダは最終的に1674年にこの州の正式な支配権をイギリスに譲渡した。[要出典]
イギリスと初期のアメリカ

1675年までにウェストミンスター条約で譲渡が確定し、この地域はイーストジャージーのイギリス植民地の一部となり、行政区はバーゲン・タウンシップとなった。バーゲン郡が西に拡大された後、1709年に郡庁所在地はハッケンサックに移された。小さな村や農場は、特にアッパー・ニューヨーク湾の広大な海底で獲れた牡蠣や、マンハッタンのウィーホーケン・ストリートで売られている新鮮な農産物を、川向こうの急成長するニューヨーク市に供給した。アメリカ独立戦争中、この地域はイギリス軍の支配下にあり、ブルズ・フェリーやバーゲン・ネックの砦にも駐屯地があった。植民地軍は高台を利用して敵の動きを観察した。 1779年のイギリス軍要塞への奇襲であるパウルス・フックの戦いは、革命軍の勝利と士気高揚と見なされた。ジャージーシティのダウンタウンの多くの通りには、軍人であるマーサー、グリーン、ウェイン、ヴァリックの名が付けられている。ウィーホーケンは決闘で悪名高かったが、最も有名なのは1804年のアレクサンダー・ハミルトンとアーロン・バーの決闘である。ニューヨークとのウォーターフロントの支配をめぐる国境紛争(最高潮線[31]の管轄権とフェリーの利権付与を主張)により開発は制限されたが、 1840年にパウルスフックとホーボーケンで都市化が進み、裕福なニューヨーク市民の休暇スポットとなった。モリス運河、初期の蒸気鉄道、港湾の発展により、さらなる成長が促進された。1840年9月、バーゲン郡から分離し、エセックス郡の一部、具体的にはニューバルバドスネックを併合してハドソン郡が設立された。19世紀、ハドソンは地下鉄道で重要な役割を果たし、4つの路線がジャージーシティに集結した。[32]
境界
ウェストハドソンを除くハドソン郡の大部分はバーゲン郡区の一部であった。バーゲン郡区は1661年に遡り、1798年2月21日にニュージャージー州議会の法令により、ニュージャージー州で最初に形成された104の郡区の1つとして正式に設立されたが、当時はまだバーゲン郡の一部であった。[33]元々の設立時には、バーゲン郡区は東はハドソン川、西はハッケンサック川、南はコンスタブルフック/バーゲンポイント、北は現在のハドソン・バーゲン境界までの地域を含んでいた。その後127年間、郡内の市境は様々な形をとったが、1925年にユニオンシティが設立されて確定した。
ジャージー市は、 1820年1月28日にニュージャージー州議会の法令により、バーゲン郡区の一部から法人化された。市は1829年1月23日に再法人化され、1838年2月22日にも再法人化され、その時点でバーゲン郡区から完全に独立し、現在の名前が与えられた。1840年2月22日、ジャージー市は新しく創設されたハドソン郡の一部となった。[33]ジャージーシティが成長するにつれて、いくつかの近隣のコミュニティが併合された:ヴァン・フォースト郡区(1851年3月18日)、バーゲンシティとハドソンシティ(どちらも1870年5月2日)、グリーンビル郡区(1873年2月4日)。[33]
ノースバーゲンは、1843年4月10日にニュージャージー州議会の法令により、バーゲン・タウンシップから分離してタウンシップとして法人化されました。タウンシップの一部は、ホーボーケン・タウンシップ(1849年4月9日、現在のホーボーケン市)、ハドソン・タウン(1852年4月12日、後にハドソン・シティの一部)、ハドソン・シティ(1855年4月11日、後にジャージー・シティに併合)、ガッテンバーグ(1859年3月9日にタウンシップ内に形成され、1878年4月1日に独立した自治体として分離)、ウィーホーケン(1859年3月15日)、ユニオン・タウンシップとウェスト・ホーボーケン・タウンシップ(どちらも1861年2月28日に設立)、ユニオン・ヒル・タウン(1864年3月29日)、セコーカス(1900年3月12日)を形成するために分割された。[33]
ホーボーケンは1804年に設立され、 1849年4月9日にノースバーゲン郡区の一部から郡区として形成され、本格的な市として法人化され、1855年3月29日に行われた住民投票で、前日に署名されたニュージャージー州議会の法律を批准し、ホーボーケン市が誕生しました。 [33] [34]
ウィーホーケンは1859年3月15日にニュージャージー州議会の法令によりホーボーケンとノースバーゲンの一部から町として設立された。町の一部は1874年にホーボーケンに譲渡された。追加の領土は1879年にウェストホーボーケンから併合された。[33]
ウェスト・ニューヨークは、3日前に行われた住民投票の結果に基づき、1898年7月8日にニュージャージー州議会の法令によりユニオン・タウンシップに代わって町として法人化された。 [33]
カーニーはもともと1867年4月8日にニュージャージー州議会の法令によりハリソン郡区の一部から郡区として設立された。郡区の一部は1895年7月3日に東ニューアークを形成するために移された。カーニーは2日前に行われた住民投票の結果に基づき、1899年1月19日に町として法人化された。[33]
ベイヨンはもともと1861年4月1日にバーゲン・タウンシップの一部からタウンシップとして設立されました。ベイヨンは1869年3月10日にニュージャージー州議会の法令により市として再編入され、9日後に行われた住民投票の結果に従ってベイヨン・タウンシップに取って代わりました。[33]
南北戦争後すぐに、ハドソン郡のすべての町をジャージーシティという1つの自治体に統合するというアイデアが支持を集め始めた。1868年、ハドソン郡全体の統合問題を有権者に提出する法案が、選ばれた自由保有者委員会(現在は郡政委員会として知られている)に提出された。この法案には、ハリソンとカーニーの西部の町は含まれていなかったが、ハッケンサック川の東側のすべての町が含まれていた。[35]
この法案は 1869 年 4 月 2 日に州議会で承認され、特別選挙は 1869 年 10 月 5 日に予定されました。法案の条項には、隣接する町のみを統合できると規定されていました。選挙の結果は次のとおりです。
投票者の過半数が合併を承認しましたが、隣接する町の中で唯一承認したジャージー シティ、ハドソン、バーゲンの 3 町だけが合併できました。ユニオン タウンシップとユニオン タウンシップは、ハドソン シティとの間にあるウェスト ホーボーケンの反対票により、合併できませんでした。1870 年 3 月 17 日、ジャージー シティ、ハドソン シティ、バーゲンはジャージー シティに合併しました。わずか 3 年後、グリーンビルがグレーター ジャージー シティに合併することに同意し、現在のジャージー シティの輪郭が完成しました。
ユニオンシティは1925年1月1日にニュージャージー州議会の法令により市として法人化され、ユニオンヒルとウェストホーボーケンタウンシップに取って代わりました。[33]
都市化と移民

19世紀後半から20世紀初頭にかけて、ハドソンでは工業、商業、住宅が急速に成長した。[29] [36]ジャージーシティ、ベイヨン、ホーボーケン、ウィホーケン(埋め立てにより海岸線が大きく変化した)での港湾建設、その後の鉄道ターミナル建設が、開発の原動力となった。ヨーロッパからの移民、特にドイツ語話者とアイルランド人(多くは飢餓から逃れてきた)が、数十年続く人口増加を引き起こした。
農場、地所、その他の所有地が住宅、公共施設、宗教施設に分割されるにつれて、近隣地域は発展しました。道路(一部には路面電車の路線あり)が整備されました。スティーブンス工科大学とセントピーターズ大学が設立されました。
1910年にハドソン川の下のペンシルバニア鉄道のノース・リバー・トンネルが開通する前は、列車は川の西岸で終点となり、乗客や貨物はニューヨークまでフェリーかはしけで移動する必要がありました。1908年にハドソン・マンハッタン鉄道の地下鉄(現在のPATH)が開通すると、その乗り換えが可能になりました。国定歴史建造物であるホーボーケン・ターミナルは、もともとデラウェア・ラカワナ・アンド・ウェスタン鉄道によって1907年に以前のものと入れ替えて建設されたもので、かつてウォーターフロントに点在していた5つの主要な鉄道/フェリーターミナルの中で現在も営業している唯一のものです。ウィーホーケンのウェスト・ショア鉄道ターミナル、エリー鉄道のパボニア・ターミナル、ジャージーシティのペンシルバニア鉄道のエクスチェンジ・プレイスはすべて取り壊されました。

ニュージャージー中央鉄道のコミュニポー・ターミナルは、エリス島と自由の女神像から小さな海峡を渡ったところにあり、当時の大規模な移民において重要な役割を果たした。多くの新移民が駅から出発し、アメリカでの生活を始めた。しかし、多くは留まることを決め、港、鉄道、工場、製油所、そしてマンハッタンの労働搾取工場や高層ビルで職を得た。コルゲート、ディクソン・タイコンデロガ、マクスウェル・ハウス、スタンダード・オイル、ベスレヘム・スチールなど、アメリカ産業界の名だたる多くの製造業者が拠点を構えた。

ノース ハドソン、特にユニオン シティは、シフリの「アメリカの刺繍の中心地」となりました。この産業には、刺繍機と部品、生地、糸、刺繍デザイン、染色、化学レース エッチング、漂白を提供する企業が含まれていました。数百の小さな店があり、それぞれが 1 台または数台の機械を備え、さまざまな製品を生産していました。完成した刺繍は、衣料品および家庭用品産業に供給されました。
セコーカスには数多くの養豚場とレンダリング工場がありました。この時期に、1 世帯住宅や 2 世帯住宅、低層アパートなど、多くの住宅が建設され、市境が確定し、近隣地区が確立されました。バーゲンライン、セントラル、ニューアーク、オーシャン アベニューなどの商業地区が目立つようになりました。ジャーナル スクエアはビジネス、ショッピング、エンターテイメントの中心地となり、その名の由来となったジャージー ジャーナルや、ロウズ ジャージー シアター、スタンレーなどの映画館が集まっています。
世界大戦とニューディール政策


第一次世界大戦に参戦すると、米国政府はホーボーケンのハンバーグ・アメリカン・ライン埠頭を土地収用権で引き継ぎ、ハドソンは「ドウボーイ」として知られる300万人以上の兵士の主要乗船地点となった。1916年、ドイツの工作員がブラック・トムのニューヨーク湾の軍需品倉庫で爆弾を爆発させ、文字通りにも比喩的にも破壊行為がこの地域を揺るがした。ニューヨーク・ニュージャージー港湾局の前身は1921年4月30日に設立された。大戦と大戦の間には、1927年のホランド・トンネル、1931年のベイヨン橋、 1937年のリンカーン・トンネルなど、大規模な交通プロジェクトが開通し、ニュージャージーとニューヨーク市の間の車両移動がウォーターフロントを迂回できるようになった。ハッケンサック川の横断橋、特にプラスキ・スカイウェイも建設された。ニュージャージーシティ大学となる学校が開校した。公共事業促進局の主なプロジェクトには、ジャージーシティとユニオンシティのスタジアム建設が含まれていました。どちらも、最大のプロジェクトであるアールデコ様式で建てられた巨大な複合施設であるジャージーシティ医療センターの開所式に出席したフランクリン・D・ルーズベルト大統領にちなんで名付けられました。この時代、ジャージーシティ市長フランク・ヘイグを先頭とする縁故主義と汚職で知られる「ハドソン郡民主党機構」が最も強力でした。ハドソンの産業は、ベイヨンのエルコによるPTボートの製造を含め、第二次世界大戦中の戦争活動に不可欠でした。ベイヨンの軍用海洋ターミナル(MOTBY)は、1942年に米軍基地として開設され、1999年まで運営されていました。
戦後
戦後も海運業と製造業が地域経済を支配し、労働組合に加入していれば良い給与が保証されていた。帰還兵の中には GI 住宅手当を利用して近隣の郊外に引っ越した者もいたが、民族や家族の強いつながりを持つ者の多くは留まることを選んだ。野球界の伝説、ジャッキー・ロビンソンはルーズベルト スタジアムでマイナー リーグ デビューを果たし、野球界の人種差別を「打ち破った」。ハドソン郡の大半では、ニューヨーク湾地域のほとんどの都市コミュニティで典型的であったように、民族/経済グループが去り、他のグループに取って代わられるという現象が起きた。大企業が彼らに追随するか、逆に大企業が大企業に追随すると、ハドソン郡の社会経済的格差はより深刻になった。古い経済基盤は崩壊した。いわゆるスラム街を取り壊して中所得者向けの補助住宅を建設することで人口を安定させようとする試みがなされ、いわゆる「良き地域」と衰退する地域が衝突した。1964 年にはジャージー シティで暴動が発生した。
不動産価格が下がったため、ラテンアメリカから来た移民の次の波が郡内で賃貸や購入を行うことができた。ノースハドソン、特にユニオンシティには、キューバ革命から逃れてきた移民が多数居住した。同程度の規模、歴史、密度の他の都市工業地帯とは異なり、ノースハドソンは20世紀後半に著しい都市の衰退や犯罪の急増を経験しなかった。住宅ストックが充実し、近隣住民の結びつきが強く、学校制度が充実していたこともあり、人口と経済基盤は基本的に安定していた。
ミレニアム以前/以後
1990 年代半ば以降、郡では不動産投機や開発が盛んになり、人口も増加しました。多くの新しい住民が既存の住宅や、ウォーターフロント沿いの高層および中層開発のマンションを購入しています。1980年代に高級化として始まったものが、郊外住民、移住したアメリカ人、外国人、移民 (ほとんどがニューヨーク/ニュージャージー地域でのビジネスチャンスとマンハッタンへの近さに焦点を合わせた) がハドソン川の「ジャージー」側に住み始め、その時代の「不動産ブーム」によって多くの人が投資機会を求めるようになったため、この地域の本格的な「再開発」となりました。ウォーターフロントの特定の部分やその他のブラウンフィールドの開発により、特に旧鉄道ヤード沿いで商業開発も進みました。ハドソンは、ワールド トレード センターの破壊による短期的および長期的な影響を強く感じました。マンハッタン南部に近いため避難場所となり、そこで働いていた多くの住民が職を失い (あるいは命を落とし)、多くの企業が川の向こう側にオフィス スペースを求めました。再区画、ハドソン バーゲン ライト レール、ニュージャージー州のトランジット ビレッジの土地利用政策により、建設がさらに促進されました。非常に都会的で、米国で最も住宅密度が高い地域であるにもかかわらず、ハドソンのコミュニティは、ニュージャージー州の地方自治の長い歴史、ハドソン川の入江や運河、ニュージャージーパリセーズの崖や鉄道線路などの地理的要因、および人口の民族的/人口統計的違いにより、分散したままです。郡の開発が進むにつれて、この伝統的な認識は揺らぎつつあります。[要出典]
人口統計
ハドソン郡はニュージャージー州で最も人口密度の高い郡であり、米国でも5番目に人口密度の高い郡であり、2020年時点では1平方マイルあたり15,693人の住民(6,130人/km 2 )が住んでいます。米国の人口上位100都市の中でハドソン郡の唯一の都市はジャージーシティであり、2016年の人口推計に基づく米国国勢調査局のランキングでは77位にランクされています。[43]
人口5万人以上の自治体の中で、ユニオンシティは米国で最も人口密度が高い自治体であり、ハドソン郡のいくつかの自治体は米国だけでなく世界でも最も人口密度の高い自治体の一つである。[44] ガッテンバーグは米国で最も人口密度の高い自治体である。[45] [46]
ノースハドソンは、マイアミに次いで米国で2番目にキューバ系アメリカ人の人口が多い。[44] ジャージーシティは米国で21番目に民族的に多様な都市であり、米国東海岸で最も民族的に多様な都市である。[47]ハドソンには、外国生まれの住民の割合が最も高い100都市(人口5,000人以上)のリストに載っている3つのコミュニティがある:ウェストニューヨーク(65.2%)、ユニオンシティ(58.7%)、およびガッテンバーグ(48.7%)[48]ハドソン郡は、ニュージャージー州で65歳以上の人口の割合が最も低い。[49]
2020年国勢調査
2020年の国勢調査では、郡内に724,854人の人口、266,664世帯、160,697家族が住んでいた。人口密度は1平方マイルあたり15,692.9人(6,059.1/km 2 )であった。平均密度は1平方マイルあたり6,770戸(2,613.9/km 2 )で、312,706戸の住宅があった。郡の人種構成は、白人が28.49% 、アフリカ系アメリカ人が9.84%、ネイティブアメリカンが0.14% 、アジア人が17.02% 、2つ以上の人種が混在している。ヒスパニックまたはラテン系の人口は全人口の40.4%であった。
266,664世帯のうち、29.5%に18歳未満の子供が同居しており、40.7%は夫婦同居、30.5%には女性世帯主がおり夫がいない、21.3%には男性世帯主がおり妻がいない、39.73%は非家族世帯であった。全世帯の68.8%は単身世帯であり、9.2%には65歳以上の単身世帯がいた。平均世帯人数は2.49人で、平均家族人数は3.11人であった。
郡の人口の約 20.3% は 18 歳未満、7.7% は 18 歳から 24 歳、47.6% は 15 歳から 44 歳、12.2% は 65 歳以上でした。年齢の中央値は 35.5 歳でした。市の性別構成は、男性が 49.76%、女性が 50.23% でした。女性 100 人に対して、男性が 99.1 人でした。
郡の世帯収入の中央値は78,808ドル、家族収入の中央値は76,019ドルでした。人口の約13.9%が貧困線以下であり、これには18歳未満の22.2%と65歳以上の17.4%が含まれます。[50]
2010年国勢調査
2010年のアメリカ合衆国国勢調査では、郡内に634,266人、246,437世帯、148,355家族がいると数えられた。人口密度は1平方マイルあたり13,731.4人(5,301.7/km 2 )であった。平均密度は1平方マイルあたり5,852.5人(2,259.7/km 2)で、住宅数は270,335戸であった。人種構成は、白人が54.05% (342,792)、黒人またはアフリカ系アメリカ人が13.23 % (83,925)、ネイティブアメリカンが0.64% (4,081)、アジア人が13.39% (84,924 )、太平洋諸島系が0.05% (344) 、その他の人種が14.25% (90,373) 、2つ以上の人種が4.39% (27,827) であった。ヒスパニックまたはラテン系の人口は、全人口の42.23% (267,853) であった。[9]
246,437世帯のうち、27.6%に18歳未満の子供がおり、37.8%が夫婦同居、16.4%が女性世帯主で夫がいない世帯、39.8%が非家族世帯であった。全世帯のうち、29.9%は単身世帯、8.3%は65歳以上の単身世帯であった。平均世帯人数は2.54人で、平均家族人数は3.2人であった。[9]
人口の20.7%は18歳未満、18歳から24歳は10%、25歳から44歳は36%、45歳から64歳は22.9%、65歳以上は10.4%であった。年齢の中央値は34.2歳であった。女性100人に対して男性は97.9人であった。18歳以上の女性100人に対して男性は95.9人であった。[9]
コミュニティの多様性
Hudson County is a major port of entry for immigration to the United States and a major employment center at the approximate core of the New York City metropolitan region; and given its proximity to Manhattan, Hudson County has evolved a globally cosmopolitan ambience of its own, demonstrating a robust and growing demographic and cultural diversity with respect to metrics including nationality, religion, race, and domiciliary partnership. Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Philippines, and India are the five most common nations of birth for foreign-born Hudson County residents.[51] Jersey City is one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the world.[52][53]
Latin American
There were an estimated 273,611 Hispanic Americans in Hudson County, according to the 2013 American Community Survey,[54] representing a 2.1% increase from 267,853 Hispanic Americans enumerated in the 2010 United States Census.[55] Several municipalities in northern Hudson County are listed among those places in the United States with the highest population densities, with several towns more dense overall than adjacent New York City. Numerous towns on the Hudson Palisades in northern Hudson County have populations where more than 50% of the residents are foreign-born, often with a Hispanic majority.[56]
Puerto Rican American
There were an estimated 58,197 Puerto Rican Americans in Hudson County, according to the 2013 American Community Survey,[54] representing a 3.1% increase from 56,436 Puerto Rican Americans enumerated in the 2010 United States Census.[55]
Cuban American
There were an estimated 28,900 Cuban Americans in Hudson County, according to the 2013 American Community Survey,[54] representing a 0.9% increase from 28,652 Cuban Americans enumerated in the 2010 United States Census.[55] The Cuban Day Parade of New Jersey, since its inception at the millennium, has run along Bergenline Avenue and grown to be the centerpiece of large festivities which have taken place at Scheutzen Park or Celia Cruz Park.[57][58]
European American
There were an estimated 194,192 non-Hispanic whites in Hudson County, according to the 2013 American Community Survey,[54] representing a 0.7% decrease from 195,501 non-Hispanic whites enumerated in the 2010 United States Census.[55]
Italian American
Italian Americans have historically played an important cultural role in Hudson County.
Western European American
Ever since the settling of New Netherland in the 1600s, comprising what is now the Gateway Region of northeastern New Jersey as well as portions of Downstate New York in the New York City metropolitan area, the Dutch and British, along with German and Irish Americans, have established an integral role in the subsequent long-term development of Hudson County over the centuries.
Irish American
Irish Americans, specifically Irish Catholics played a significant role in the politics of Jersey City. Many of the city's mayors were of Irish descent. The Greenville, Jersey City neighborhood was the center of the city's Irish community until the 1950s and early 1960s.[citation needed]
Asian American
There were an estimated 89,164 Asian Americans in Hudson County, according to the 2013 American Community Survey,[54] representing a 5.0% increase from 84,924 Asian Americans enumerated in the 2010 United States Census.[55]
Indian American
India Square, also known as "Little India" or "Little Bombay",[37] home to the highest concentration of Asian Indians in the Western Hemisphere,[38] is a rapidly growing Indian American ethnic enclave in Jersey City. This area has been home to the largest outdoor Navratri festivities in New Jersey as well as several Hindu temples;[59] while an annual, color-filled spring Holi festival has taken place in Jersey City since 1992, centered upon India Square and attracting significant participation and international media attention.[60][61] There were an estimated 39,477 Indian Americans in Hudson County, according to the 2013 American Community Survey,[54] representing a 6.0% increase from 37,236 Indian Americans enumerated in the 2010 United States Census.[55]
Filipino American
7% of Jersey City's population is Filipino.[62] The Five Corners district is home to a thriving Filipino community and Jersey City's Little Manila, which is the second largest Asian American subgroup in the city. A variety of Filipino restaurants, shippers and freighters, doctors' officers, bakeries, stores, and an office of The Filipino Channel have made Newark Avenue their home. The largest Filipino-owned grocery store on the East Coast of the United States, Phil-Am Food, has been there since 1973. An array of Filipino-owned businesses can also be found at the section of West Side of Jersey City, where many of its residents are of Filipino descent. In 2006, a Red Ribbon pastry shop, one of the Philippines' most famous food chains, opened its first branch on the East Coast in the Garden State.[1] Manila Avenue in Downtown Jersey City was named for the Philippine capital city because of the many Filipinos who built their homes on this street during the 1970s. A memorial, dedicated to the Filipino American veterans of the Vietnam War, was built in a small square on Manila Avenue. A park and statue dedicated to Jose P. Rizal, a national hero of the Philippines, exists in downtown Jersey City.[63] Jersey City is the host of the annual Philippine-American Friendship Day Parade, an event that occurs yearly in June, on its last Sunday. The City Hall of Jersey City raises the Philippine flag in correlation to this event and as a tribute to the contributions of the Filipino community. The Santakrusan Procession along Manila Avenue has taken place since 1977.[64] There were an estimated 21,622 Filipino Americans in Hudson County, according to the 2013 American Community Survey,[54] representing a 4.8% increase from 20,638 Filipino Americans enumerated in the 2010 United States Census.[55]
Chinese American
Hudson County, highly accessible to Lower Manhattan in New York City and its Chinatown by rapid transit, was home to an estimated 13,381 Chinese Americans, according to the 2013 American Community Survey,[54] representing a notably rapid growth of 19.1% from the 11,239 Chinese Americans enumerated in the 2010 United States Census.[55]
African American
There were an estimated 83,576 African Americans in Hudson County, according to the 2013 American Community Survey,[54] representing a 0.4% decrease from 83,925 African Americans enumerated in the 2010 United States Census.[55] However, modest growth in the African immigrant population, most notably the growing Nigerian American population in Jersey City, is partially offsetting the decline in Hudson County's American-born black population, which as a whole has been experiencing an exodus from northern New Jersey to the Southern United States.[65]
Arab American
Arab Americans numbered an estimated 14,518 individuals in Hudson County in the 2012 American Community Survey, representing 2.3% of the county's total population,[66] the second highest percentage in New Jersey after Passaic County.[67] Arab Americans are most concentrated in Jersey City and Bayonne, led by Egyptian Americans, including the largest population of Coptic Christians in the United States.[52][53]
Muslim American
Hudson County's Muslim American population includes a significant Latino contingent comprising adherents converting from other religious affiliations.[68]
Jewish American
A growing Jewish American population has been noted in Hudson County, particularly in Jersey City. A significant Jewish presence has also been established in Bayonne.[69]
Same-sex couples
There were 2,726 same-sex couples in Hudson County in 2010, second in New Jersey only to Essex County,[70] prior to the commencement of same-sex marriages in New Jersey on October 21, 2013.[71]
Economy
The Bureau of Economic Analysis calculated that the county's gross domestic product was $41.7 billion (~$46.3 billion in 2023) in 2021, which was ranked fifth in the state and was a 5.7% increase from the prior year.[72]
Various businesses and industries are headquartered or had their start in Hudson County. Secaucus is home to The Vitamin Shoppe,[73] My Network TV's flagship station WWOR-TV,[74] Red Bull New York,[75] MLB Network,[76] NBA Entertainment,[77][78][79] Goya Foods,[80] The Children's Place[81] and Hartz Mountain.[82] Jersey City is home to Verisk Analytics[83] and WFMU 91.1FM (WMFU 90.1FM in the Hudson Valley), the longest running freeform radio station in the United States.[84] Hoboken is the birthplace of the first Blimpie restaurant,[85] and home to one of the headquarters of publisher John Wiley & Sons.[86] In the 20th century, Union City was the "embroidery capital of the United States", the trademark of that industry appearing on that city's seal.[87][88][89] Weehawken is home to the headquarters of NY Waterway,[90] as well as offices for Swatch Group USA,[91] UBS[92] and Hartz Mountain.[93]
Television producers had long held an attraction for New Jersey, and Hudson County in particular, due to the tax credits afforded such various productions. The HBO prison drama Oz was filmed in an old warehouse in Bayonne, with much of the series filmed around the now-defunct Military Ocean Terminal Base.[94] The NBC drama Law and Order: Special Victims Unit filmed police station and courtroom scenes at NBC's Central Archives building in North Bergen,[95][96] and filmed other scenes throughout the county, such as a 2010 episode filmed at the Meadowlands Parkway in Secaucus.[94] The short-lived hospital drama Mercy filmed at a warehouse in Secaucus, a private residence in Weehawken and a public school in Jersey City.[97] The Law and Order and Mercy productions left New Jersey for New York in 2010 after New Jersey Governor Chris Christie suspended the tax credits for film and television production for the Fiscal Year 2011 to close budget gaps.[94]
Government
County government
.jpg/500px-Hudson_County_Admin_Bldg_(from_Pavonia_Avenue).jpg)
Hudson County is governed by the Hudson County Executive and a nine-member Board of County Commissioners as a legislative body, who administers all county business. Hudson joins Atlantic, Bergen, Essex and Mercer counties as one of the 5 of 21 New Jersey counties with an elected executive.[98] The County Executive is elected directly by the voters. The members of the Board of County Commissioners are elected concurrently to serve three-year terms as Commissioner, each representing a specified district which are equally proportioned based on population. Each year, in January, the Commissioners select one of their nine to serve as Chair and one as Vice Chair for a period of one year. In 2016, commissioners were paid $43,714, the Commissioner Vice Chair received $45,754 and the Commissioner Chair was paid an annual salary of $46,774; the commissioner salaries in the county were the highest in the state.[99] That year, the county executive was paid $151,299.[100]
As of 2024[update], Hudson County's Hudson County Executive is Craig Guy (D, Jersey City), whose term of office expires December 31, 2027.[101] Hudson County's Commissioners are (with terms for chair and vice-chair ending every December 31):[102][103][104]
Republicans have not won a countywide office since 1956, and have not won a commissioner seat since 1984.[123] Pursuant to Article VII Section II of the New Jersey State Constitution, each county in New Jersey is required to have three elected administrative officials known as "constitutional officers." These officers are the County Clerk and County Surrogate (both elected for five-year terms of office) and the County Sheriff (elected for a three-year term).[124] Hudson County's constitutional officers are:[125]
Law enforcement
| Hudson County Sheriff's Office | |
|---|---|
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | 1872 |
| Legal personality | Governmental: Government agency |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| Operations jurisdiction | Hudson County, New Jersey, United States |
| Population | 674,836 |
| General nature | |
| Operational structure | |
| Headquarters | 257 Cornelison Ave, Jersey City, NJ 07306 |
| Agency executive |
|
| Website | |
| Official website | |
The sheriff's office is the second largest law enforcement agency in the county, with a staff of 300.[132] The sheriff's headquarters are located at Hudson County Plaza. The Hudson County Correctional Facility is located in South Kearny. The Hudson County Prosecutor is Esther Suarez, who was nominated to the position by Governor of New Jersey Chris Christie in June 2015.[133][134] Many county offices are located at Hudson County Plaza at 257 Cornelison Avenue in Jersey City.[135][136][137] The Hudson County Meadowview Psychiatric Hospital is on County Avenue, Secaucus.
The county seat of Hudson County is located near Five Corners on Newark Avenue in Jersey City, northeast of Journal Square. The Hudson County Courthouse, and the adjacent Hudson County Administration Building, at 595 Newark Avenue, are home to various courts, agencies and departments. Hudson County constitutes Vicinage 6 of the New Jersey Superior Court and is seated at the Administration Building, with additional facilities at the Hudson County Courthouse; the Assignment Judge for Vicinage 6 is the Honorable Peter F. Bariso Jr.[138] The Hudson County court system consists of several municipal courts, including the busy Jersey City Court in addition to the Superior Court.
Federal representatives
Three Congressional Districts cover the county, including portions of the 8th, 9th, and 10th districts.[139][140] For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 8th congressional district is represented by Rob Menendez (D, Jersey City).[141][142] For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 9th congressional district was represented by Bill Pascrell (D, Paterson) until his death in August 2024.[143][144] For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 10th congressional district is represented by LaMonica McIver (D, Newark).[145]
State representatives
The 12 municipalities of Hudson County are in four legislative districts.
Politics
Hudson County is a Democratic stronghold. It has only supported a Republican for president six times since 1896, all in large victories for Republicans nationwide. As of October 1, 2021, there were a total of 418,233 registered voters in Hudson County, of whom 230,912 (55.2%) were registered as Democrats, 44,736 (10.7%) were registered as Republicans and 136,327 (32.6%) were registered as unaffiliated. There were 6,258 voters (1.5%) registered to other parties.[147] According to The Hudson Reporter, the most conservative town in the county is Secaucus.[148]
In the 2020 United States presidential election, Democrat Joe Biden received 72.5% of the vote or 181,452 raw votes, while Republican President Donald Trump received only 26.2% or 65,698 raw votes, and a final 1.3% (3,308 votes) went to 3rd parties. In the 2016 United States presidential election, Republican Donald Trump received 22.2% or 49,043 votes to Democrat Hillary Clinton's 74.3% or 163,917 votes, while a final 3.4% of the vote (7,582 votes) went to 3rd parties.
In the 2009 New Jersey gubernatorial election, Corzine received 76,145 votes from Hudson County to Republican Chris Christie's 29,301, but Christie won the state overall winning by 4 percentage points.[150] In the 2013 New Jersey gubernatorial election, Barbara Buono received 53,386 votes from Hudson County to Christie's 42,567 votes, making the county one of two that the Republican failed to win in that election. In the 2017 New Jersey gubernatorial election, Democrat Phil Murphy received 88, 271 votes from Hudson County to Republican Kim Guadagno's 19, 236 votes, giving him over 80% of the vote. In the 2021 New Jersey gubernatorial election, Murphy received slightly fewer votes and won with 73.6% of the vote.[151]
Municipalities

There are 12 municipalities in Hudson County, listed with area in square miles and 2010 Census data for population and housing.[153] North Hudson and West Hudson each comprise municipalities in their distinct areas.

Education
Tertiary education

The colleges and universities in Hudson County are Hudson County Community College (HCCC), New Jersey City University (NJCU), Saint Peter's University (all in Jersey City) and Stevens Institute of Technology (in Hoboken). Rutgers University also offers classes within the county. The Christ Hospital School of Nursing was established in 1890 and has run a cooperative program with HCCC since 1999.[154] As of 2014, it was set to merge with the Bayonne Medical Center School of Nursing.[needs update][155]
School districts
Each municipality has a public school district. All but two have their own public high schools. East Newark students attend Harrison High School[156] and Guttenberg students attend North Bergen High School.[157] Hudson County Schools of Technology is a public secondary and adult vocational-technical school with locations in Secaucus, Jersey City, Union City and Harrison.[158] There are public and private elementary and secondary schools located throughout Hudson, many of which are members of the Hudson County Interscholastic Athletic Association.[159]
School districts, all classified as K-12 (except as indicated), include:[160][161][162]
- Bayonne School District
- East Newark School District (K–8)
- Guttenberg Public School District (K–8)
- Harrison Public Schools
- Hoboken Public Schools
- Hudson County Schools of Technology (9–12)
- Jersey City Public Schools
- Kearny School District
- North Bergen School District
- Secaucus Public Schools
- Union City School District
- Weehawken School District
- West New York School District
Transportation
The confluence of roads and railways of the Northeastern U.S. megalopolis and Northeast Corridor passing through Hudson County make it one of the Northeast's major transportation crossroads and provide access to an extensive network of interstate highways, state freeways and toll roads, and vehicular water crossings. Many long-distance trains and buses pass through the county, though Amtrak and the major national bus companies – Greyhound Lines and Trailways – do not provide service within it. There are many local, intrastate, and Manhattan-bound bus routes, an expanding light rail system, ferries traversing the Hudson, and commuter trains to North Jersey, the Jersey Shore, and Trenton. Much of the rail, surface transit, and ferry system is oriented to commuters traveling to Newark, lower and midtown Manhattan, and the Hudson Waterfront. Public transportation is operated by a variety of public and private corporations, notably NJ Transit, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, and NY Waterway, each of which charge customers separately for their service. Hudson is the only county in New Jersey where more residents (127,708) used public transportation than who drove (124,772).[163]
Hubs
Hoboken Terminal, Bergenline Avenue at 32nd Street, 48th Street, and Nungessers in North Hudson, and Journal Square Transportation Center and Exchange Place in Jersey City are major public transportation hubs. The Port Authority Bus Terminal and Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan, the World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan, and Newark Penn Station also play important roles within the county's transportation network. Secaucus Junction provides access to eight commuter rail lines.[164]
Rail

- Hudson-Bergen Light Rail serves Bayonne, Jersey City, Hoboken, and North Hudson at the Weehawken waterfront, Bergenline Avenue and Tonnelle Avenue.[165]
- NJ Transit Hoboken Division: Main Line (to Suffern, and in partnership with MTA/Metro-North, express service to Port Jervis), Bergen County Line, and jointly with MTA/Metro-North, Pascack Valley Line, all via Secaucus Junction; Montclair-Boonton Line and Morris and Essex Lines; North Jersey Coast Line (limited service as Waterfront Connection); Raritan Valley Line (limited service), and Meadowlands Rail Line[165]

- NJ Transit Newark Division: Northeast Corridor Line and North Jersey Coast Line can be reached via Secaucus Junction or PATH
- PATH is a 24-hour subway mass transit system serving Newark Penn Station, Harrison, Journal Square, Downtown Jersey City, Hoboken Terminal, midtown Manhattan (33rd) (along 6th Ave to Herald Square/New York Penn Station), and World Trade Center.
Bus
NJ Transit bus routes 120 -129 provide service within Hudson and to Manhattan. NJ Transit bus routes 1-89 provide service within the county and to points in North Jersey. Additionally, private bus companies, some of which operate dollar vans (mini-buses or carritos) augment the state agency's surface transport.
Water

Located at the heart of the Port of New York and New Jersey, Hudson County has since the 1980s seen the restoration of its once extensive ferry system.
- NY Waterway operates ferry service from Weehawken Port Imperial, Hoboken Terminal, and Paulus Hook Ferry Terminal as well as other ferry slips along the Hudson River Waterfront Walkway to West Midtown Ferry Terminal, Battery Park City Ferry Terminal and Pier 11/Wall Street in Manhattan, and to the Raritan Bayshore
- Liberty Water Taxi provides service on one route between Liberty State Park, Paulus Hook, and Battery Park City.
- Statue Cruises provides service to Ellis Island and Liberty Island[166][167][168]
- Cape Liberty Cruise Port in Bayonne is one of three passenger terminals in the port.[169]
- Port Jersey is one of four container shipping terminals in the port.[170]
Roads and highways
As of 2010[update], the county had a total of 616.81 miles (992.66 km) of roadways, of which 515.38 miles (829.42 km) are maintained by the local municipality, 47.31 miles (76.14 km) by Hudson County, 33.23 miles (53.48 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation, 17.90 miles (28.81 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority and 3.37 miles (5.42 km) by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.[171][172]
Major highways include New Jersey Routes 3, 7, 139, 185, 440, 495, Interstates 78, 95, and 280, and U.S. Routes 1/9 and 1/9 Truck, as well as the New Jersey Turnpike and the Pulaski Skyway. Automobile access to New York City is available through the Lincoln Tunnel (via Weehawken to Midtown Manhattan) and the Holland Tunnel (via Jersey City to Lower Manhattan), and over the Bayonne Bridge to Staten Island. County Route 501 runs the length of Hudson as Kennedy Boulevard.
In 2013, two main thoroughfares in Hudson County, Kennedy Boulevard and U.S. Route 1/9, were included among the Tri-State Transportation Campaign's list of the top ten most dangerous roads for pedestrians in New Jersey, New York and Connecticut. Kennedy Boulevard was ranked #6 for the six pedestrian fatalities that occurred on it from 2009 to 2011, while Route 1/9 was tied for the #10 place on the list for the five pedestrian deaths during the same period. Route 1/9 is monitored by state police, while Kennedy Boulevard is patrolled by the Hudson County Sheriff's Office and the respective municipalities through which that road runs. In total, 37 pedestrians – 12 in 2009, 14 in 2010 and 11 in 2011 – were killed on Hudson County roads. According to state police statistics there were nine pedestrian fatalities in the county in 2012, which was not included in the study. From 2010 through 2012, 25 people were killed each year in Hudson County motor vehicle accidents.[173]
Air
Most airports which serve Hudson County are operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
- Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR), 12.8 miles (20.6 km) away in Newark, is the closest airport with scheduled passenger service
- LaGuardia Airport (LGA) is 12.8 miles (20.6 km) away in Flushing, Queens
- John F. Kennedy Airport (JFK) is 19 miles (31 km) away on Jamaica Bay in Queens
- Teterboro Airport, in the Hackensack Meadowlands, serves private and corporate planes
- Essex County Airport, in Fairfield, is a general aviation airport serving the region
Parks and points of interest
The Hudson County Park System includes Hudson County Park, Mercer Park, Lincoln Park, Washington Park, Columbus Park, and North Hudson Park, West Hudson Park and the newest, Laurel Hill.[174] Some of the city's municipal parks and plazas, were developed as "city squares" during the 19th century, such as Hamilton Park, Church Square Park and Ellsworth (locally known as Pigeon) Park.[citation needed]
The German-American Volksfest has taken place annually since 1874 at Schuetzen Park[175] This private park and the many nearby cemeteries-Flower Hill Cemetery, Grove Church Cemetery, Hoboken Cemetery, Macphelah Cemetery and Weehawken Cemetery that characterize the western slope create the "green lung" of North Hudson County.

Jersey City Reservoir No.3 and Pershing Field constitute one of the largest "green spaces" in the county. The reservoir, no longer in use, is site of a passive recreation area/nature preserve. Hackensack Number Two, the other remaining reservoir in Weehawken Heights, is not accessible to the public. Extensive athletic fields opened in 2009 in Weehawken and Union City, the latter on the site of the former Roosevelt Stadium.
Promenades are being developed along the rivers. The Hudson River Waterfront Walkway and Hackensack RiverWalk. Sections of the Secaucus Greenway are in place and eventually will connect different districts of the town including the North End, site Schmidts Woods (which contains an original hard wood forest) and Mill Creek Point Park, and Harmon Meadow Plaza. Kearny Riverbank Park runs along the Passaic River. The future of the Harsimus Stem Embankment is uncertain, though many community groups hope the landmark will be opened to the public as elevated greenway, possibly as part of East Coast Greenway.
Liberty State Park, the county's largest, is sited on land that had once been part of a vast oyster bed, was filled in for industrial, rail, and maritime uses, and was reclaimed in the 1970s. Ellis Island and Liberty Island, a national protected area and home to the Statue of Liberty National Monument, lie entirely within Hudson's waters across from Liberty State Park, from which ferry service is available.[176]
The New Jersey Meadowlands Commission has designated several areas within its jurisdiction as wetlands preservation zones including the Riverbend Wetlands Preserve, Eastern Brackish Marsh, and Kearny Marsh, an extension of De Korte Park, home of the Meadowlands Environment Center.[177]
Hudson County is home to Skyway Golf Course, the 8th ranked 9 hole golf course in the country (Golf Advisor 2019), Bayonne Golf Club and Liberty National Golf Club, ball located on Upper New York Bay.[178]
- See Historic districts in Hudson County, New Jersey
- See Odonyms in Hudson County, New Jersey
- See List of cemeteries in Hudson County, New Jersey
- See List of the oldest buildings in New Jersey
- See List of bridges, tunnels, and cuts in Hudson County, New Jersey
Museums, galleries, exhibitions

There are several museums and other exhibitions spaces throughout the county, some of which maintain permanent collections. Other are focused on local culture, history, or the environment. There are events throughout the year where architecture, local artists or ethnic culture are highlighted. There are also private galleries. The venues include:
- Afro-American Historical and Cultural Society Museum[179][180]
- Bayonne Community Museum[181]
- Bayonne Firefighter's Museum[182]
- Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal[183]
- Cultural Thread/El Hilo,[184] history, diversity and craft of embroidery
- Danforth Avenue Station, excavated objects[185][186]
- Dixon Mills, site of the former Joseph Dixon Crucible Company[187]
- Drawing Rooms, a contemporary art center and gallery in a former convent in downtown Jersey City[188]
- Ellis Island Immigration Museum[189]
- Five Corners Branch Library Gallery specializes in music and fine arts.
- Hoboken Artists Studio Tour[190]
- Hoboken Fire Department Museum
- Hoboken Historical Museum[191] history and local contemporary artists
- Hoboken House Tour[192] private and public buildings shown annually in October
- Hoboken Public Library,[193] local history and local artists
- Hudson County Courthouse permanent murals depicting early history and contemporary work
- Hudson River Waterfront Walkway displays, plaques, panels of history of environment and development
- Kearny Museum[194]
- Hudson County YAM[195]
- Jersey City Artists Studio Tour[196]
- Jersey City Museum[197][198]
- Liberty Science Center Science education, environment, health, invention
- Liberty State Park Interpretive Center, nature and urban environment
- Museum of Russian Art
- New Jersey Room[199] of Jersey City Public Library Main Branch, public archives including historical documents and photos
- Mana Contemporary[200]
- Martin Luther King Station[201][202] memorial to civil rights leader and movement
- Meadowlands Exposition Center, trade shows and cultural fairs[203]
- Monroe Center[204]
- New Jersey City University[205]
- Lemmerman Gallery
- Visual Arts Gallery
- Sculpture Garden
- Saints Peter's College Art Gallery[206]
- Statue of Liberty National Monument[207]
- William V. Musto Cultural Center[208]
See also
- Bergen, New Netherland
- Bergen
- Bergen Point
- Bergen Square
- Bergen Township
- Constable Hook
- New Jersey Meadowlands Commission
- Hackensack RiverWalk
- Hudson River Waterfront Walkway
- The Hudson Reporter
- Gateway Region
- Gold Coast
- New Barbadoes Neck
- New Jersey Meadowlands
- New Jersey Palisades
- North Hudson
- North Jersey
- Pavonia
- Snake Hill
- West Hudson
- List of neighborhoods in Hudson Waterfront municipalities
- List of New Jersey Transit bus routes (100-199)
- Historic townships of Hudson County, New Jersey
- People from Hudson County, New Jersey
- Neighborhoods in Hudson County, New Jersey
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External links
- Hudson County Government
- Hudson Historic Sites and Districts
- Hudson County Directory
