5-HT1A receptors can be located on the cell body, dendrites, axons, and both presynaptically and postsynaptically in nerve terminals or synapses. Those located on the soma and dendrites are referred to as somatodendritic, and those located presynaptically in the synapse are simply referred to as presynaptic. As a group, receptors that are sensitive to the neurotransmitter that is released by the neuron on which the receptors are located are known as autoreceptors; they typically constitute the key component of an ultra-short negative feedback loop whereby the neuron's release of neurotransmitter inhibits its further release of neurotransmitter. Stimulation of 5-HT1A autoreceptors inhibits the release of serotonin in nerve terminals. For this reason, 5-HT1A receptor agonists tend to exert a biphasic mode of action; they decrease serotonin release and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor activity in low doses, and further decrease serotonin release but increase postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor activity at higher doses by directly stimulating the receptors in place of serotonin.
This autoreceptor-mediated inhibition of serotonin release has been theorized to be a major factor in the therapeutic lag that is seen with serotonergic antidepressants such as the SSRIs.[69] The autoreceptors must first desensitize before the concentration of extracellular serotonin in the synapse can become elevated appreciably.[69][70] Though the responsiveness of the autoreceptors is somewhat reduced with chronic treatment, they still remain effective at constraining large increases in extracellular serotonin concentrations.[69] For this reason, serotonin reuptake inhibitors that also have 5-HT1A receptor antagonistic or partial agonistic properties, such as vilazodone and SB-649,915, are being investigated and introduced as novel antidepressants with the potential for a faster onset of action and improved effectiveness compared to those currently available.[71]
Unlike most drugs that elevate extracellular serotonin levels like the SSRIs and MAOIs, SRAs such as fenfluramine and MDMA bypass serotonin autoreceptors such as 5-HT1A. They do this by directly acting on the release mechanisms of serotonin neurons and forcing release to occur regardless of autoreceptor-mediated inhibition.[72] As such, SRAs induce immediate and much greater increases in extracellular serotonin concentrations compared to other serotonin-elevating agents such as the SSRIs. [Note: This is questionable as the level of serotonin output from SRAs is still dose dependant and, while SRAs will initially bypass autoreceptors, the increase in serotonin they induce will then agonise autoreceptors.] In contrast to SRAs, SSRIs may decrease serotonin levels initially (especially at lower dosages due to the biphasic mode of action mentioned above) and require several weeks of chronic dosing before serotonin concentrations reach their maximal elevation (due to 1A autoreceptor desensitization) and full clinical benefits for conditions such as depression and anxiety are seen[73][74] (although other studies show an acute increase in 5-HT[75][76] which may account for initial worsening of symptoms in sensitive individuals[77]). For these reasons, selective serotonin releasing agents (SSRAs) such as MDAI and MMAI have been proposed as novel antidepressants with a putatively faster onset of action and improved effectiveness compared to current treatments.[73]
Similarly to SRAs, sufficiently high doses of 5-HT1A receptor agonists also bypass the 5-HT1A autoreceptor-mediated inhibition of serotonin release and therefore increase 5-HT1A postsynaptic receptor activation by directly agonizing the postsynaptic receptors in lieu of serotonin.
1 2 Glennon RA、Dukat M、Westkaemper RB (2000-01-01)。「セロトニン受容体サブタイプとリガンド」。American College of Neurophysicopharmacology。2008年4月21日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2008年4月11日に取得。
↑ de Almeida J、Mengod G (2008 年 10 月)。「ヒトおよびサル前頭前皮質のセロトニン 1A 受容体は主に錐体ニューロンおよび GABA 作動性介在ニューロンのサブポピュレーションに発現している: 統合失調症とその治療への示唆」。Journal of Neurochemistry。107 ( 2 ) : 488–496。doi : 10.1111 / j.1471-4159.2008.05649.x。PMID 18761712。S2CID 23783438。
↑ Ramage AG (1991年4月) 「ウラピジルの交感神経抑制作用のメカニズム:5-HT1A受容体の役割」 British Journal of Pharmacology . 102 (4): 998–1002 . doi : 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12290.x . PMC 1917978 . PMID 1855130 .
↑Kolassa N, Beller KD, Sanders KH (August 1989). "Involvement of brain 5-HT1A receptors in the hypotensive response to urapidil". The American Journal of Cardiology. 64 (7): 7D–10D. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(89)90688-7. PMID2569265.
↑Ootsuka Y, Blessing WW (February 2006). "Activation of 5-HT1A receptors in rostral medullary raphé inhibits cutaneous vasoconstriction elicited by cold exposure in rabbits". Brain Research. 1073–1074: 252–261. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.031. PMID16455061. S2CID23178233.
↑Rusyniak DE, Zaretskaia MV, Zaretsky DV, DiMicco JA (November 2007). "3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine- and 8-hydroxy-2-di-n-propylamino-tetralin-induced hypothermia: role and location of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptors". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 323 (2): 477–487. doi:10.1124/jpet.107.126169. PMID17702902. S2CID14197613.
↑Yu Y, Ramage AG, Koss MC (April 2004). "Pharmacological studies of 8-OH-DPAT-induced pupillary dilation in anesthetized rats". European Journal of Pharmacology. 489 (3): 207–213. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.03.007. PMID15087245.
↑Prow MR, Martin KF, Heal DJ (December 1996). "8-OH-DPAT-induced mydriasis in mice: a pharmacological characterisation". European Journal of Pharmacology. 317 (1): 21–28. doi:10.1016/S0014-2999(96)00693-0. PMID8982715.
↑Fanciullacci M, Sicuteri R, Alessandri M, Geppetti P (March 1995). "Buspirone, but not sumatriptan, induces miosis in humans: relevance for a serotoninergic pupil control". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 57 (3): 349–355. doi:10.1016/0009-9236(95)90161-2. PMID7697953. S2CID24512607.
↑ Cohn JB、Rickels K (1989)。「慢性不安症の女性におけるブスピロン、ジアゼパム、プラセボの効果に関する統合二重盲検比較」Current Medical Research and Opinion . 11 (5): 304– 320. doi : 10.1185/03007998909115213 . PMID 2649317 .
↑ Blier P、Gobbi G、Haddjeri N、Santarelli L、Mathew G、Hen R (2004 年 5 月)。「サブスタンス P 受容体拮抗薬がセロトニンおよびノルエピネフリン系に及ぼす影響:抗うつ/抗不安反応との関連性」。Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience。29 ( 3): 208–218。doi : 10.1139 / jpn.0423。PMC 400690。PMID 15173897。
↑ Ichikawa J, Ishii H, Bonaccorso S, Fowler WL, O'Laughlin IA, Meltzer HY (2001年12月). "5-HT2AおよびD2受容体遮断は5-HT1A受容体活性化を介して皮質DA放出を増加させる:非定型抗精神病薬誘発性皮質ドーパミン放出の可能性のあるメカニズム". Journal of Neurochemistry . 76 (5): 1521– 1531. doi : 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00154.x . PMID 11238736 .
↑ Li Z, Ichikawa J, Dai J, Meltzer HY (2004年6月). "新規抗精神病薬アリピプラゾールはラット脳の前頭前皮質および海馬におけるドーパミン放出を優先的に増加させる". European Journal of Pharmacology . 493 ( 1–3 ): 75–83 . doi : 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.04.028 . PMID 15189766 .
↑ Rollema H 、 Lu Y、Schmidt AW、Zorn SH (1997年11月)。「クロザピンは5-HT1A受容体活性化により前頭前皮質におけるドーパミン放出を増加させる」。European Journal of Pharmacology。338 ( 2): R3–5。doi : 10.1016 / S0014-2999(97)81951-6。PMID 9456005。
↑ Wang C, Zhang N, Shao Y, Li T, Zhang M, Gao M, et al. (2025年11月). "Pathway-selective 5-HT1AR agonist as a rapid antidepressant strategy". Cell . 188 (25): 7222–7237.e24. doi : 10.1016/j.cell.2025.10.022 . PMID 41232528 .