List of musical works in unusual time signatures | japedia.wiki
List of musical works in unusual time signatures
J
Japedia 編集部
|更新日: 2026年8月2日
This is a list of musical compositions or pieces of music that have unusual time signatures. "Unusual" is here defined to be any time signature other than simple time signatures with top numerals of 2, 3, or 4 and bottom numerals of 2, 4, or 8, and compound time signatures with top numerals of 6, 9, or 12 and bottom numerals 4, 8, or 16.[1]
The conventions of musical notation typically allow for more than one written representation of a particular piece. The chosen time signature largely depends upon musical context, personal taste of the composer or transcriber, and the graphic layout on the written page. Frequently, published editions were written in a specific time signature to visually signify the tempo for slow movements in symphonies, sonatas, and concerti.
A perfectly consistent unusual metrical pattern may be notated in a more familiar time signature that does not correspond to it. For example, the Passacaglia from Britten's opera Peter Grimes consists of variations over a recurring bass line eleven beats in length but is notated in ordinary 44 time, with each variation lasting 2+3⁄4 bars, and therefore commencing each time one crotchet earlier in the bar than the preceding one.[2]
Káťa Kabanová, by Leoš Janáček. Act II is in 21 from rehearsal number 20 to just before rehearsal number 24; act III is in 21 for four bars before rehearsal number 27 and six bars before rehearsal number 28, followed by a mixture of 21 and between rehearsal numbers 28 and 29, and one bar before rehearsal number 36.[18]
Piano Sonata No. 3 by Andrew Violette has 4⁄54, 1+2⁄54, 3+1⁄34, 3+1⁄28, 4+1⁄28, 5+1⁄24, 5+1⁄28, 7+1⁄54, 8+1⁄44, 12+1⁄24, 19+1⁄28, 55+1⁄24, and 70+1⁄28.[311]
"Schism" by Tool is described by the band as largely in 6+1⁄28 and includes numerous other times.[312]
Earth, the fifth part of Fictions by Richard Barrett, has 216, 3[16], 4[16], 58, 516, 78, 716, 118, 1116, 1316, 158, 1516, 178, 1716, 198, and 2516.[334]
Intermezzo by Andrew Violette has 316, 416, 54, 58, 516, 78, 716, 816, 1016, 1116, and 2016.[336]
I Open and Close, the sixth part of Fictions by Richard Barrett, has 18, 216, 316, 32, 58, 516, 78, 716, 732, 88, 1116, 1316, 1516, 1532, and 248.[323]
Lemma-Icon-Epigram by Brian Ferneyhough has 18, 116, 132, 164 (in an additive time signature), 316, 58, 516, 532, 78, 716, 88, 916 (in various groupings such as 3+2+2+2), and 1116.[324]
Lieder vom Wasser, the tenth part of Fictions by Richard Barrett, has 18, 116, 216, 316, 332, 58, 516, 532, 78, 716, 88, 1116, 1316, 1516, and 4316.[339]
The Long and the Short by Charles Wuorinen has 14, 18, 116 (in additive time signatures such as 54+116), 316, 44 (subdivided as 332+716+38+332), 4+1⁄44, 54, 58, 516, 74, 78, 716, 7+1⁄44, 84, 932, 11+1⁄24, 124, 1332, 244, 254, and 404.[340]
Love Duet by Andrew Violette has 14, 54, 94 (grouped 2+2+2+3), 158, 188, and 218.[341]
Organ Sonata by Andrew Violette has 54, 58, 188, and 2416.[342]
Pastorale by Andrew Violette has 2016 and 2416.[343]
Piano Concerto No. 5 by Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji has 54, 58, 64+1⁄2 (six dotted quarter notes), 74, 78, 84, 88, 108, 114, 118, 138, 148, and 158.[344]
Piano Sonata No. 1 by Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji has 54, 58, 74, 78, 716, 88, 108, 118, 138, 148, 158, and 3016.[345]
Piano Sonata No. 1 by Andrew Violette has 52, 54, 58, and 78.[346]
Piano Sonata No. 2 by Charles Wuorinen has 14, 18, 316, 58, 516, 74, 78, 716, 732, 84, 98 (grouped 4+2+3), 932, 104, 1016, 1032, 118, 1116, 1132, 124, 1516, 1532, 1832, and 2032 (written as 4+).[347]
Piano Sonata No. 3 by Andrew Violette has 14 (in additive time signatures such as 34+14), 18, 116 (in additive time signatures such as 44+116), 54, 58, 74, 78, 716, 88, 816, 916 (grouped 4+5), 104, 108, 1016, 118, 1116, 134, 1316, 148, 1416, 154, 158, 1516, 1616, 178, 1716, 188, 198, 1916, 2016, 218, 2116, 2416, 2716 (written as 3+), 2816, 318, 348, 368, 408, 568, 604, 608, 748, 9016, and 9316.[311]
Piano Sonata No. 3 by Charles Wuorinen has 68+132, 316, 332, 4+1⁄24, 54, 58, 5+1⁄24, 6+1⁄34, 78, 716, 7+1⁄38, 916 (grouped 4+5), 932, 1016, 118, 1116, 1316, 1516, and 1716.[348]
Piano Sonata No. 4 by Charles Wuorinen has 54, 58, 78, 716, 88, 98 (both 4+5 and 6+3), 4+516, 1016, 118, 1116, 1516, and 2116.[349]
Quirl by Brian Ferneyhough has 18, 316, 332, 58, 516, 532, 564, 78, 716, 732, 764, 88, 932, 108, 1116, 1132, 1316, and 1564.[350]
Quintet No. 1 by Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji has 21, 2+1⁄24, 54, 54+1⁄2 (five dotted quarter notes), 74, 78, 84, 88, 104, 108, 118, 134, 148, 158, and 208.[351]
Salve Regina, the second of 4 Madrigals by Andrew Violette, has 54, 58, 74, 78, 98 (44+18), 138, and 188 (3+4+5+68).[352]
Sonata for Cello and Piano by Elliott Carter has 54, 58, 516, 716, 1432, and 2132.[353]
String Quartet No. 1 by Elliott Carter has 216 (as part of an additive time signature), 416, 54, 58, 516, 78, 716, 816, 932 (written as 3.), 108, 1016, 1232 (written as 4.), 1416, 158, 1516, 188, 1816, 2016, and 218.[354]
String Quartet No. 2 by Elliott Carter has 416, 54, 58, 158, 716, 108, 1016, 1416, 158, 1516, and 2116.[355]
String Quartet No. 3 by Elliott Carter has 316, 332 (in an additive time signature), 54, 58, 516, 78, 716, 932, 1116, 1232 (in an additive time signature), 2416, 2432, and 2732.[356]
1234567Boulez, Pierre (1989). Pli selon pli - No. 1 Don (1989ed.). London: Universal Edition UE 31742.
123Boulez, Pierre (1977). Pli selon pli (Portrait de Mallarmé) - No. 2, Improvisation I (1957, 1962). Vienna: Universal Edition UE 16641. ISBN9783702419615. OCLC1231572206.
123456Cirone, Anthony (1966). Portraits in Rhythm. Miami: Belwin Mills Publishing Corporation.
123456Cirone, Anthony (1974). Portraits in Melody. Miami: Belwin Mills Publishing Corp.
123456789Johnston, Ben (1990). String Quartet No. 4. Smith Publications.
↑"A Headache And A Sixty-Fourth". Archived from the original on 11 May 2010. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
↑Yokoyama, Shin-itchiro (21 February 2016). "Bach's Cello Suites, Editor's Notes: How do we play the Gigue of Partita No.6?". Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
↑Bach, Johann (1985). Bischoff, Hans (ed.). Six Partitas and Overture in French Style. Alfred Music Publishing. p.92. ISBN978-0-7692-8604-4. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
↑Dream Theater Black Clouds and Silver Linings Authentic Guitar TAB, transcribed by Jordan Baker. 2009, 138
↑"Music theory of Bill Wurtz: Asymmetrical meter in "I Wanna Be a Movie Star"| bennorton.com". 30 September 2017.
↑Hughey, Jesse (17 November 2010). "Last Night: Wolf Parade and Ogre You Asshole At Granada Theater". Dallas Observer. Archived from the original on 4 August 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
↑Dave, Brubeck; Quartet, The Dave Brubeck (28 March 2005). "Blue Rondo a La Turk". Musicnotes. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
1234"Extremes of Conventional Music Notation". homes.luddy.indiana.edu. Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
12"Kyle Gann: Apparition". kylegann.com. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
↑"Asphalt Meadows Is Death Cab for Cutie's Most Consistent Album in Over a Decade". Paste Magazine. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
123Keeling, Andrew (2000). "King Crimson: The ConstruKction Of Light | An Analysis". Sinfield's Song Soup On Sea. Archived from the original on 24 June 2002.
12Hail the Sun (19 February 2013). "Testostyrannosaurus.pdf"(PDF). Hail the Sun. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
↑Dave, Brubeck (4 June 2007). "Unisphere". Musicnotes. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
↑Liner notes to The Mason Williams Phonograph Record Warner Brothers LP, WS 1729. Burbank: Warner Brothers-Seven Arts Records, 1968 .
↑Pickard, Joshua (2 September 2022). "Turning 25: Musicians discuss some of their favorite records from 1997". Beats Per Minute. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
↑Yanni (1993). The Best of Yanni; 11 selections from his top recordings. Hal Leonard Publishing. p.16. ISBN9780793517091.
↑Terentyev, Savva; Hamasyan, Tigran (March 2018). "Tigran Hamasyan, Three Piano Pieces". Terentyev Publisher. Archived from the original on 15 March 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
↑"Ask YES – Friday 26th April 2013 – Chris Squire". 29 April 2013. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
↑Jisi, Chris (2012). "Esperanza Spalding: E-Harmony". Archived from the original on 23 March 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
↑Hail the Sun (13 January 2013). "Eight Ball, Coroner's Pocket.pdf"(PDF). Hail the Sun. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 11 May 2016.
↑Howard Brubeck (ed.), Dave Brubeck Deluxe Piano Album, (San Francisco: Derry Music Co., 1965), pp. 22–28.
↑J. A. Fuller Maitland and W. Barclay Squire (eds.), The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, vol. 2 (Leipzig: Breitkopf und Härtel, 1899; reprinted New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1963), 34–39.
↑"Kyle Gann: Composure". kylegann.com. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
↑"Kyle Gann: Cyclic Aphorisms". kylegann.com. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
↑Browne, David; Cummings, Corinne; Grow, Kory; Hermes, Will; Marchese, David; Sheffield, Rob; Wolk, Douglas (6 August 2020). "Jerry Garcia's 50 Greatest Songs". Rolling Stone Australia. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
↑Primus (musical group), Primus Anthology: A thru N: For Guitar and Bass, transcribed by Jeff Jacobsen (New York: Cherry Lane Music, 2000), 17–20. ISBN1575601540.
↑Fripp, Robert (1 April 2020). "Bredonborough". Archived from the original on 15 March 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021. Happy With What You Have To Be Happy With is very nicely in 11/8 which fits the music and Adrian's particularly upbeat American take on that's life! that's fate! and c'est la vie.
↑"The meters of these three measures are 118, 44, and 78, respectively." (Alan Pollack's "Notes On" series, no. 183Archived 30 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine).
123"In Re Con Moto et al from Charles Ives | buy now in the Stretta sheet music shop".
↑"Rock Meets Classical, Part 4: Classical Concepts in King Crimson's 'Larks Tongues in Aspic'". brutalprog.com. Archived from the original on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
↑Peart, Neil (7 October 2010). "Rush – Losing It Sheet Music (Digital Download)". Musicnotes. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
↑"Neil Peart Biography, Drum Videos and Pictures | Famous Drummers". Drumlessons.com. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
↑"14 Musical Works in the Most Unusual Time Signatures". CMUSE. 20 July 2014. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021. Mario Kart 64 ... by Kenta Nagata, at the race results screen: 11/8
↑Parish, Alan (3 November 2017). "Sixpence None the Richer's self-titled turns 20". Turn Off the Radio. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
↑"The Top 10 Video Game Tracks with Unusual Time Signatures - GameFAQs". Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
12Reynish, Tim. "Derek Bourgeois: An Assessment of his music in Two Parts". Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
12"Pops Concert Program Notes". Howard Performing Arts Center, Andrews University. 8 March 2008. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2009.
↑Boilen, Bob (22 March 2022). "New mix: Arcade Fire, Valerie June, the Smile, Andrew Bird, more". All Songs Considered (Podcast). NPR. Event occurs at 19:37. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
↑Hartmann, Graham (30 August 2019). "Tool's 15-Minute '7empest' is the Greatest Work of Adam Jones' Career". Loudwire. Archived from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
12"Bio". Archived from the original on 24 November 2002. Retrieved 22 March 2021. "Trapped in the Wake of a Dream", for example, boasts verses written in 17/8, choruses in 11/8 and a bridge that mixes both time signatures
↑Saull, Jordan (2015). Non-Isochronous Meter: A Study of cross-cultural practice, analytic technique, and implications for jazz pedagogy (PhD). York University. p.190. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
↑Joyce, Mike (5 March 1993). "THE TIMES OF BRUBECK'S LIFE". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
123"13 iconic tracks played in crazy time signatures". Mixdown. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021. Trent Reznor certainly isn't inexperienced when it comes to odd time signatures – "The Becoming" kicks off in 13/8 [...] The first verse, a number of sections in the bridge and the guitar solo in "Keep It Greasy" are counted in the head-scratching signature of 19/16, while the second verse takes things up a notch by going to 21/16.
1234567891011"Desert Sonata". kylegann.com. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
↑Plini (18 July 2016). Plini – Electric Sunrise– via YouTube.
↑Beato, Rick (12 January 2019). "Prog Rock: How To Count Odd Meters (Odd Time Signatures)"– via YouTube.
↑Andy Wilson (18 June 2009). "1974: Faust: Faust IV". Faust Pages. Archived from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 13 October 2021. (aka Lauft (Alt), Psalter, Psalter (slow), 13/8, Psalter (5 May 1994), Psalter)
↑Andrew Lloyd Webber, T. S. Eliot – "Cats" Hal Leonard (HL00359466), ISBN0-88188-447-2
↑"Ken Westphal Illustration & Design". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
1234Hamasyan, Tigran (17 February 2015). "Mockroot Track by Track". Nonesuch Records. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2021. The working title for [Song for Melan and Rafik] was "Forty-Two," because it's actually in the unusual time signature of 42/16 [...] I think if you worked [Entertain Me] out it would be in a time signature of 256/32. There is a melody that is grouped in 35/16 that repeats seven times and then resets. [...] [To Negate is] in the same key as "To Love," but in a different mode—an odd, Armenian mode—and in the time signature of 13/8.
12John McLaughlin, John McLaughlin and the Mahavishnu Orchestra: John McLaughlin's Scores to 28 Classic Recordings (Van Nuys: Alfred Publishing, 2006): 58-64. ISBN0-7390-4255-6.
↑"Introduction By Jimmy Lyons (Remastered)". YouTube. 23 August 2016. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Let me give you the subdivision here, it's: 3-3-2-2-2-1-2-2-2. [...] That's the name of the piece.
↑Garone, Anthony (31 May 2015). "Bruford's "Hell's Bells"". Make Weird Music. Archived from the original on 15 March 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
↑"Rusty Cage". Underneath the Cover. 25 April 2012. Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
↑"Richard Coughlan". www.calyx-canterbury.fr. Retrieved 11 February 2026.
↑"Richard Coughlan: Musician". The Independent. 3 January 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2026.
↑"Review: Caravan – Caravan & The New Symphonia (1974)". Pienemmät Purot. 23 September 2025. Retrieved 11 February 2026.
↑"Crooked Tunes". www.fiddlingaround.co.uk. Retrieved 11 February 2026.
↑"Office of Strategic Influence (O.S.I.) Biography". Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
↑What Makes This Song Great? (Beato, Rick) – Ep. 88 Karnivool on YouTube
↑Granville, Andrew; Jennifer Granville (2019). Prime suspects: the anatomy of integers and permutations. illustrated by Robert J. Lewis. Princeton University Press. ISBN978-0-691-18873-7. OCLC1101100910.
↑Mason, Kerri (7 March 2014). "Nine Inch Nails' "The Downward Spiral" at 20: Classic Track-By-Track". Billboard. Retrieved 15 March 2021. Peaking at 269 BPM and weaving in and out of a maddening 29/8 time signature, it's as ballistic as Reznor has ever been.
↑The Hirsch Effekt (2018). "Athesie". Holon: Agnosie Gitarre. self-published by the band.
↑"Tweet by Splatoon Japan". Twitter (in Japanese). Retrieved 7 October 2022.
12Bruce, David (2 April 2019). "The Rhythms of Tigran Hamasyan". YouTube. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021. [Vardavar] also contains a long pattern of 32 notes, or two bars of 44, but this is completely split up into more unusual sub-groupings: It's 5+5+3+5+5+4+5. [...] The thirty-five beat cycle [of Nairian Odyssey] is generally divided up into a 64, a 516, and 38.
↑Daunt, Ryan George (2018). "Neoteric Drum Set Orchestration: An analysis of Nate Wood's drumming on the music of Tigran Hamasyan". p.54. Archived from the original on 2 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
↑"Split Open and Melt". Phish.net. 10 April 2013. Archived from the original on 15 August 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013. "SOAM's" complex improv segment is notorious for its time signature, which involves three sections of eight eighth-notes and then a fourth section with nine eighth-notes in a steady pulse (listen to Fishman's hi-hat)
↑Zohn, Steven (2004). "The Sonate auf Concertenart and Conceptions of Genre in the Late Baroque". Eighteenth-Century Music. 1 (2): 205–247. doi:10.1017/S1478570604000132. ISSN1478-5706. S2CID193211504.
12Ferneyhough, Brian (1982). Superscriptio. London: Edition Peters 7289.
12"Traced Overhead". Faber Music. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
↑Serene Dominic (2003). Burt Bacharach, song by song. Schirmer Trade Books. ISBN9780857122599. Bacharach was now calling the shots, and anyone covering this tune after it became a monster hit would grudgingly have to switch from 5/4 to 4/4 and 7/8.
↑Bolcom, William (1988). 12 New Etudes for Piano. Edward B. Marks Music Company.
↑Barrett, Richard. "Tract". United Music Publishing. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
↑Stockhausen, Karlheinz (1957). Nr. 5 Zeitmaße. London: Universal Edition Nr. 12697 LW.
Bibliography
Andriessen, Louis. 1976. De Staat. Hawkes Pocket Scores 1234. London, Paris, Bonn, Johannesburg, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, and New York: Boosey & Hawkes.
Banks, Anthony. n.d. "Firth of Fifth: Introduction". Scribd.com (accessed 22 March 2012).
Banks, Evan. 2009. "Humming the Bassline: Just Like You Imagined". American Observer: American University's Graduate Journalism Magazine (29 September) (Archive from 3 August 2012, accessed 26 February 2015).
Barber, Samuel. 1943. String Quartet, Op. 11. G. Schirmer's Edition of Study Scores of Orchestral Works and Chamber Music 28. New York: G. Schirmer.
Bennett, Matthew. 2014. 65daysofstatic – The Fall of Math. clashmusic.com (accessed 10 March 2020)
Bernstein, Leonard. 1993. The Age of Anxiety: Symphony No. 2, for piano and orchestra, after W. H. Auden, revised version, full score, corrected edition. [New York]: Jalni Publications, Inc., Boosey & Hawkes.
Bernstein, Leonard. 1994. Candide: A Comic Operetta in Two Acts, Scottish Opera edition of the opera-house version (1989). Book by Hugh Wheeler, based on the satire by Voltaire; lyrics by Richard Wilbur, with additional lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, John Latouche, Dorothy Parker, Lillian Hellman, and Leonard Bernstein; edited by Charles Harmon. [New York]: Jalni Publications, Inc.; Boosey & Hawkes.
Billmann, Budynek, Jacobson, and Stocker (transcribers). 2010. Jeff Beck – Blow by Blow. Guitar Recorded Versions. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN1-4234-9443-1.
Birtwistle, Harrison. 1996. The Cry of Anubis, for tuba and orchestra. Hawkes Pocket Scores 1292. London: Boosey & Hawkes Music Publishers Limited.
Blanche, Cate (19 September 2013). "65daysofstatic Wild Light track by track". Drowned in Sound. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
Bois, Rob du. 1979. Concert voor twee violen en orkest. Amsterdam: Donemus.
Boulez, Pierre. 1957. Le marteau sans maître. Pour voix d'alto et 6 instruments. Poèmes de René Char. Philharmonia Partituren/Scores/Partitions no. 398. Vienna and London: Universal Edition.
Britten, Benjamin (1945). Passacaglia, Op. 33b, from the opera Peter Grimes. Boosey & Hawkes.
Britten, Benjamin (1946). Quartet No. 2 in C, Op. 36. Boosey & Hawkes.
Britten, Benjamin (1955). Diversions for Piano (Left Hand) and Orchestra. London: Boosey & Hawkes. No. 17562.
Chatburn, Sean. n.d. "Karn Evil 9: 1st Impression, Part 1: Emerson, Lake & Palmer". Jelly Note blog site (accessed 4 October 2016).
Copland, Aaron. 1945. Appalachian Spring (Ballet for Martha). Hawkes Pocket Scores 8. London: Boosey & Hawkes.
Davies, Peter Maxwell. 1985. Symphony No. 3. Hawkes Pocket Scores 1114. London, Paris, Bonn, Johannesburg, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, and New York: Boosey & Hawkes.
Davison, Archibald T., and Willi Apel (eds.). 1974. Historical Anthology of Music, vol. 1: Oriental, Medieval and Renaissance Music. Revised edition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN0-674-39300-7.
Doe, Paul (ed.). 1988. Elizabethan Consort Music: II. Musica Britannica 45. London: Stainer and Bell, published for the Musica Britannica Trust.
Fenlon, Sean. 2002. "The Exotic Rhythms of Don Ellis". DMA diss. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, Peabody Institute. ISBN0-493-60448-0.
Fienberg, Gary Andrew. 2004. "It Doesn't Have to Be Sanctified to Swing: A Musical Biography of Don Ellis". PhD diss. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University. ISBN0-496-86817-9.
Flans, Robyn. 1982. Untitled interview with Vinnie Colaiuta. Modern Drummer (November).
Fujita, Tetsuya, Yuji Hagino, Hajime Kubo, and Goro Sato (transcribers). 1993. The Beatles Complete Scores. London: Hal Leonard Publishing Corporation. ISBN0-7935-1832-6
Gable, Christopher. 2009. The Words and Music of Sting. The Praeger Singer-Songwriter Collection. Westport: Praeger Publishers. ISBN0275993604.
Genesis (musical group). 2001. Anthology. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard. ISBN0-634-02063-3.
Genesis (musical group). 2002. Genesis Guitar Anthology. Hal Leonard Guitar Recorded Version. [United States]: EMI Music Pub.; Milwaukee: Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN0-634-02067-6.
Gilmore, Bob. 1994. "Icebreaker". Liner notes to Icebreaker: Terminal Velocity. Argo 443 214–2. CD recording. London: The Decca Record Company Limited.
Ginastera, Alberto. 1946. 12 American Preludes (Doce Preludios Americanos), 2 vols. New York: Carl Fischer.
Ginastera, Alberto. 1955. Estancia: Ballet in One Act and Five Scenes. Reduction for piano. Buenos Aires: Barry Editorial, Com., Ind., S. R. L.; [n.p.]: Boosey & Hawkes.
Ginastera, Alberto. 1969. Don Rodrigo: Opera in Three Acts and Nine Scenes, Op. 31. Vocal Score. London: Boosey& Hawkes Music Publishers Limited.
Ginastera, Alberto. 1974. Harp Concerto, opus 25. Hawkes Pocket Scores 1185. London: Boosey & Hawkes.
Grady, Kraig. n.d. "Gending Boehme" liner notes. In An Overview (and History) of Anaphorian Music (accessed 18 April 2015).
Helmore, Rev. Thomas. 1879. "Accent". A Dictionary of Music and Musicians (A.D. 1450–1889) by Eminent Writers, English and Foreign, 2 vols, edited by George Grove, 1:12–18. London: Macmillan.
Hiley, David. 2001. "Quintuple Metre". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. S. Sadie and J. Tyrrell, vol. 20:682–683. London: Macmillan.
Hocker, Jürgen. n.d. "Conlon Nancarrow: List of Works (English Version)". In Der Komponist Conlon Nancarrow: Leben und Werk eines mexikanischen Einsiedlers, With many English Contributions (accessed 15 July 2013).
Holst, Gustav. 1977. A Choral Fantasia, Op. 51, edited by Imogen Holst. London, Zürich, Mainz, and New York: Ernst Eulenburg Ltd.
Howard, Patricia. 1969. The Operas of Benjamin Britten: An Introduction. New York and Washington: Frederick A. Praeger, Publishers.
Leonard. 2011. "Gojira: The Art of Dying Drum Tab". Songsterr website (22 February) (accessed 14 April 2012).
Lloyd Webber, Andrew (music), and Tim Rice (lyrics). 1970. Jesus Christ Superstar, vocal score, selections. New York: Universal—MCA Music Pub.; Miami: Warner Bros. Publications. ISBN0-88188-541-X
Lloyd Webber, Andrew (music), and Tim Rice (lyrics). 1979. Evita, vocal score, selections. Melville, N.Y.: Leeds Music Corp—sole selling agent, MCA Music.
Macan, Edward. 1997. Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-509888-4.
Mawer, Deborah. 2000. "Musical Objects and Machines". In The Cambridge Companion to Ravel, edited by Deborah Mawer, 47–70. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-64026-1 (cloth) ISBN0-521-64856-4 (pbk)
Morse, Tim (15 May 1996). Yesstories: Yes In Their Own Words. St. Martin's Press. ISBN9780312144531.
Nancarrow, Conlon. n.d. [Study] No. 40 (autograph punching score). In Der Komponist Conlon Nancarrow: Leben und Werk eines mexikanischen Einsiedlers, With many English Contributions, edited by Jürgen Hocker (Accessed 15 July 2013).
Nice, David. 2003. Prokofiev: From Russia to the West, 1891–1935. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN0-300-09914-2
Page, Nick. 1989. Niska Banja: Serbian Gypsy Dance, arranged for SATB choir. Doreen Rao's Building Bridges. Common Roots Choral Music. London: Boosey & Hawkes.
Pedler, Dominic (2003). The Songwriting Secrets of the Beatles. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN978-0-7119-8167-6.
Perkins, Wayne L. 2000. "Don Ellis' Use of "New Rhythms" in His Compositions: The Great Divide (1969), Final Analysis (1969) and Strawberry Soup (1971)" (vol. 1); "Original Compositions: She's Only 19 (1999), Malibu Shuffle (1999) and Cruisin' P.C.H. (1999)" (vol. 2). Ph.D. diss. Los Angeles: University of California Los Angeles.
Pöhlmann, Egert, and Martin L. West. 2001. Documents of Ancient Greek Music: The Extant Melodies and Fragments Edited and Transcribed with Commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN978-0-19-815223-1
Pollack, Alan W. 1999. "Notes on 'Here Comes The Sun'". Notes on ... Series, no. 183. The "Official" rec.music.beatles Home Page <http://www.recmusicbeatles.com> (accessed 3 February 2016).
Pope, Isabel, and Tess Knighton. 2001. "Fernández, Diego". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. S. Sadie and J. Tyrrell. London: Macmillan.
Portnoy, Mike, Robert Wallis, and Paul Siegel. 1999. Mike Portnoy: Liquid Drum Theater. 2 vols. Reissued on DVD, Color, Dolby, DVD, NTSC. 2-DVD set. Hudson Music HD-Z-LV01. [N.p.]: Hudson Music, 2001. ISBN0-634-03829-X.
Read, Gardner. 1964. Music Notation: A Manual of Modern Practice. Boston: Alleyn and Bacon, Inc.
Revueltas, Silvestre. 1971. Alcancías for Small Orchestra (score). New York: Southern Music Publishing Company, Inc.; Hamburg: Peer Musikverlag G.M.B.H.
Riccio, Gabriel (2017). Gunn, Trey (ed.). THRAK by King Crimson - The Complete Scores.
Richards, Paul. 1987. "Africa in the Music of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 57, no. 4 ("Sierra Leone, 1787–1987"): 566–71.
Shostakovich, Dmitri. 1983. Sobranie sochinenii tom 13 [Собрание сочинений том 13, Collected works volume 13], Izdatelstvo "Muzyka" Moskva.