Speakers of Northern Sámi refer to themselves as Sámit (the Sámis) or Sápmelaš (of Sámi kin), the word Sápmi being inflected into various grammatical forms. Other Sámi languages use cognate words. As of approximately 2014, the consensus among specialists was that the word Sámi was borrowed from the Proto-Baltic word *žēmē, meaning 'land' (cognate with Slaviczemlja (земля), of the same meaning).[13][14][15]
The word Sámi has at least one cognate word in Finnish: Proto-Baltic *žēmē was also borrowed into Proto-Finnic, as *šämä. This word became modern Finnish Häme (Finnish for the region of Tavastia; the second ä of *šämä is still found in the adjective hämäläinen). The Finnish word for Finland, Suomi, is also thought probably to derive ultimately from Proto-Baltic *žēmē, though the precise route is debated and proposals usually involve complex processes of borrowing and reborrowing. Suomi and its adjectival form suomalainen must come from *sōme-/sōma-. In one proposal, this Finnish word comes from a Proto-Germanic word *sōma-, itself from Proto-Baltic*sāma-, in turn borrowed from Proto-Finnic *šämä, which was borrowed from *žēmē.[13]
The Sámi institutions—notably the parliaments, radio and TV stations, theatres, etc.—all use the term Sámi, including when addressing outsiders in Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, or English. In Norwegian and Swedish, the Sámi are referred to by the localized form same, plural samer.[16][17]
フィンランド語の用語の問題はやや異なります。フィンランド領ラップランドに住むフィンランド人は一般的に自分たちをlapp i lainenと呼びますが、サーミ人の場合はlapp a lainenとなります。ラップランドではフィンランド人とサーミ人の生活様式が似ているため、外国人観光客にとっては混乱を招く可能性があります。Lappalainenはフィンランドでは一般的な姓でもあります。フィンランド語では、特に公的な場面ではsaamelainenが最も一般的に使用されています。
サプミの地理的地域では、サーミ人は少数派である。一部の説によれば、サーミ人の総人口は約7万人と推定されている。[ b ]サーミ人の人口を数えようとする際の問題点の1つは、「サーミ人であること」が何を意味するのかについての共通の基準がほとんどないことである。さらに、サーミ語には複数の言語と方言があり、サプミには強制的な文化同化のために母語を話すサーミ人がほとんどいないが、それでも自分たちをサーミ人だと考えている地域がいくつかある。その他のアイデンティティの指標としては、親族関係(これは、何らかのレベルで全てのサーミ人にとって非常に重要であると言える)、家族の出身地であるサプミの地理的地域、またはサーミ文化の特定の側面を保護または保存することなどが挙げられる。[ 176 ]
Sápmi Park – Located Karasjok, Norway, Sápmi Park[228] and visitor center presents the Sámi culture and its history through exhibits and a special effect theater presentation, entitled "The Magic Theater"[229] designed originally by award-winning experience designer Bob Rogers (designer) and the design team BRC Imagination Arts.[229]
Pathfinder (Ofelaš) (1988), film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film; filmed in Norway featuring Sámi actors speaking in Sámi
Give Us Our Skeletons, a 1999 documentary about the scientific racism and racial classification movement carried out on the Sámi
The Cuckoo (Kukushka) (2002), film set during World War II with a Sámi woman as one of the main characters
Last Yoik in Saami Forests? (2007), made for the United Nations, a documentary about land rights disputes in Finnish Lapland[230]
The Sami (Saamelainen) (2007), a Mushkeg Media documentary about the state of aboriginal languages[231]
Wolf (2008), an examination of how the traditions of the Sámi villagers in northern Sweden are confronted with modern-day society[232]
Herdswoman (2008), a documentary about land rights disputes in reindeer grazing areas[233]
The Kautokeino Rebellion (2008), feature film that concerns the ethnic-religious Sámi revolt in Guovdageaidnu of 1852
Magic Mushrooms and Reindeer: Weird Nature (2009), short video on the use of Amanita muscaria mushrooms by the Sámi people and their reindeer, produced by the BBC[234]
Suddenly Sami (2009), in which the filmmaker finds out that her mother has been hiding her Arctic Indigenous Sámi heritage from her[235]
Midnight Sun (2016), crime series which revolves around Sámi culture and conflicts of Sámi culture with modern Swedish society[236]
Sami Blood (2016), a movie chronicling the life of a Sámi girl taken into a Swedish boarding school to be forcibly assimilated as a Swede[237]
Frozen (2013), features a major character named Kristoff who wears clothing resembling Sámi attire and has a pet reindeer.
Frozen II (2019), features the forest tribe known as the Northuldra, which is based on the Sámi people, and the theme song Vuelie, written by Norwegian joikerFrode Fjellheim and performed by Norwegian female choral groupCantus, is based on Sámi music. There is a North Sámi dubbing of the film.[238][239]
Klaus (2019), animated film about "a postman stationed in a town to the North who befriends a reclusive toy-maker" featuring Sámi characters.
Jeʹvida (2023), the first feature-length film in the Skolt Sámi language.[240]
↑"Population continuity between the PWC and modern Saami can be rejected under all assumed ancestral population size combinations."[203]
↑"Our data support that the Neolithic PWC foragers are largely genetically continuous to SHG."[204]
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