ジャクソンの死後に出版された「奴隷商人としてのジャクソン」に関する最初の記述は、アイドラーというペンネームの著者が1854年にミシシッピ州ロドニーで書いたもので、「…ここ(ブルインズバーグ)で、約50年前、ジャクソン将軍(当時は「オールド・ヒッコリー」とは呼ばれていなかった)が、ナッシュビルから操縦してきた平底船に西部の農産物や黒人などを満載して上陸した。ジャクソンの当初の意図はミシシッピに定住することだったと聞いているが、その後、荒野を通ってテネシーに戻った…」とアイドラーは続けて、「インディアンの領土を通って合衆国のいずれかの州に黒人を移送することは厳しく禁じられていた」ため、チョクトー族とその同盟部族は「彼が不法な試みを続けるなら力ずくで逮捕する」計画を立てていたが、ジャクソンは「黒人と数人の友人を武装させ、インディアンの領土を大胆に妨害されることなく行進した」と説明した。[ 227 ] [ l ] [ m ]
↑This passage has been lightly edited for readability, primarily commas and numerals, along with the excision by ellipsis of some distracting emotional racism. Catamount and panther are both common names for Puma concolor.
↑This claim from the 1890 St. Louis Post-Dispatch article was pointedly attacked by S. G. Heiskell in his "History Again Refutes Slanders of Noted Hero" article three decades later.[70]
↑Pennsylvania passed abolition by "gradual emancipation" in 1780, which meant that slavery and indentured servitude persisted in the state until the 1840s.[107][108]
↑For more on the Jackson campaign's response to Erwin's charges about this case, see "Letter from William B. Lewis to John Coffee, July 27, 1828". Dyas Collection of John Coffee Papers, Series: THS II-A-2, Box: 11, Folder 3, ID: 43054. Tennessee Historical Society.
↑Samuel Dorsey Jackson (September 16, 1755–May 2, 1836) was a Revolutionary War veteran and real estate speculator who had done high-leverage land deals with the likes of Founding Father Robert Morris and Tennessee founder John Sevier.[156] He had "dealt with Andrew Jackson in land, slaves, and horses" since at least 1799.[157][158] S. Jackson's youngest son had been just born in January 1807 and grew up to be Confederate general Alfred E. Jackson.[159] As a perpendicular aside, in 1803 Sevier had also been accosted in the street by an irate Jackson. Sevier journaled about a dream in which his dying father visited from heaven to share that everyone there was fascinated by the incident but also that "Jackson was by all viewed as a very wicked base man and a very improper person for a Judge."[160]
↑Horace Green has not been conclusively identified, but John Spencer Bassett believed he was likely a "young relative" of Rachel Jackson.[166] The firm name is usually rendered Green but in some cases the person appears to have signed his name Greene with an E.[167]
↑ Cooke, Jacob E. (1970 年 10 月). 「1790 年の妥協」 . The William and Mary Quarterly . 27 (4). バージニア州ウィリアムズバーグ: 523–545 . doi : 10.2307/1919703 . ISSN 0043-5597 . JSTOR 1919703 .
↑Nelson, Fanny D. (June 19, 1881). "A Memorable House – Historical Sketches of Some of Its Illustrious Inmates". The Daily American. Vol.6, no.1811. Nashville, Tennessee. p.2. LCCNsn85052217. OCLC12953467– via Newspapers.com.
↑Edwards, Amelia Whitsitt (October 29, 2021). "A Pioneer History of Stone's River near the Clover Bottoms". Nashville Historical Newsletter. Archived from the original on 2023-03-28. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
↑Turner, Edward Raymond (1912). "The Abolition of Slavery in Pennsylvania". The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. 36 (2). University of Pennsylvania Press: 129–142. ISSN0031-4587. JSTOR20085586.
↑Osborne, Christopher M. (Winter 2005). "Invisible Hands: Slaves, Bound Laborers, and the Development of Western Pennsylvania, 1780–1820". Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies. 72 (1): 77–99. doi:10.2307/27778659. ISSN0031-4528. JSTOR27778659.
↑"Samuel Dorsey Jackson to Andrew Jackson" (1807-02-13). The Papers of Andrew Jackson, 1775–1874, Series: 1 (General Correspondence and Related Items, 1775–1885), ID: MSS 27532, Vol. 7 (loc.mss/maj.01007_0270_0271). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress Manuscript Division. OCLC70981169.
↑"Samuel Jackson to Andrew Jackson" (1807-02-15). The Papers of Andrew Jackson, 1775–1874, Series: 6 (Additional Correspondence, 1779–1855), ID: MSS 27532, Vol. 158 (loc.mss/maj.06158_0251_0254). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress Manuscript Division. OCLC70981169.
↑"John Williams to Andrew Jackson" (1810-12-15). The Papers of Andrew Jackson, 1775–1874, Series: 6 (Additional Correspondence, 1779–1855), ID: MSS 27532, Vol. 158 (loc.mss/maj.06158_0251_0254). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress Manuscript Division. OCLC70981169.
12"Charles M. Hall to Andrew Jackson" (1811-11-26). The Papers of Andrew Jackson, 1775–1874, Series: 6 (Additional Correspondence, 1779–1855), ID: MSS 27532, Vol. 158 (loc.mss/maj.06158_0317_0318). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress Manuscript Division. OCLC70981169.
↑"Lost or Stolen". The Tennessee Gazette (Advertisement). January 31, 1807. p.3. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
↑"Died". Republican Banner. October 14, 1826. p.3. Retrieved 2024-12-14.
123Philo-Tennesseean, Davidson County, Tennessee (August 23, 1828). Cook, James K. (ed.). "To the editor of the Kentucky Reporter". The Ariel. Vol.IV, no.5. Natchez, Mississippi: John C. Allison. p.3.
↑"House on Ellicott's Hill". MDAH Historic Resources Inventory. Jackson, Mississippi: Mississippi Department of Archives and History. Archived from the original on 2025-01-24. Retrieved 2025-01-21.
↑"Hutchison Family Papers – Accession 19". Louise Pettus Archives and Special Collections. Rock Hill, South Carolina: Winthrop University. January 1975. Finding Aid 128.
↑"Letter certifying delivery of horses from the Choctaw Nation" (1803-09-19). Mississippi Territorial Records, Series: 0488: Mississippi Pre-Statehood Administration Papers, 1769, 1788–1817, File: Claiborne, ID: 181. Jackson, Mississippi: Mississippi Department of Archives and History.
↑"Oaths of allegiance to the United States of America, taken before Samuel Gibson" (October 30, 1798). Mississippi Territorial Government Records, Series: 490, Oaths of Allegiance to United States of America, 1798–1799, ID: A3-1. Jackson, Mississippi: Mississippi Department of Archives and History.
↑Bruin, Peter Bryan (September 28, 1802). Marschalk, Andrew (ed.). "To be Sold or Rented by the Subscriber". Mississippi Herald and Natchez Gazette (Advertisement). Vol.I, no.10. p.3 – via Newspapers.com.
↑Bruin, Peter B. (September 28, 1802). Marschalk, Andrew (ed.). "Proposals for Laying Out and Establishing a Town". Missisippi Herald. Vol.I, no.10. Natchez, Mississippi Territory. p.3 – via Newspapers.com.
↑Boldt, Janine Yorimoto (October 14, 2021). "Ugly politics is nothing new here in the United States. Look closely at this drawing by David Claypoole Johnston..."Chazen Museum of Art. Madison, Wisconsin. Retrieved 2024-09-28– via Facebook.
↑McNairy, Boyd (July 18, 1828). "To General Andrew Jackson". National Banner and Nashville Whig. Vol.III, no.134. Nashville, Tennessee. p.1 – via Newspapers.com.
↑Miller, Patricia (May 11, 2021). "An especially malevolent form of American entrepreneurship". Encyclopedia Virginia. Archived from the original on 2024-06-21. Retrieved 2024-06-21.
↑n.a. (September 6, 1828). "Gen. Jackson a Negro Trader". Editorial &c. The Ariel. Vol.IV, no.7. Natchez, Mississippi. p.50 – via Newspapers.com.
↑Dewey, Thomas II (March 6, 2021). "John James Audubon in Mississippi". Mississippi Encyclopedia. Mississippi Humanities Council. Center for Study of Southern Culture, University of Mississippi. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
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Various; Jackson, Andrew (1926). Bassett, John Spencer (ed.). Correspondence of Andrew Jackson, Volume I, to April 30, 1814. Carnegie Institution of Washington Papers of the Historical Research Department No. 371. Baltimore, Maryland: The Lord Baltimore Press. LCCN26007292. OCLC2533564– via HathiTrust. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
———; ——— (1928). Bassett, John Spencer (ed.). Correspondence of Andrew Jackson, Volume III, 1820–1828. Carnegie Papers No. 371, Vol. III – via HathiTrust.
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———; ——— (1933). Bassett, John Spencer (ed.). Correspondence of Andrew Jackson, Volume VI, 1839–1845. Carnegie Papers No. 371, Vol. VI. Preface by J. Franklin Jameson. Carnegie institution of Washington – via HathiTrust.
Various; Jackson, Andrew (1980). Smith, Sam B.; Owsley, Harriet Chappell; Moser, Harold D. (eds.). The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume I, 1770–1803. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. doi:10.7290/utp7943. ISBN978-0-8704-9219-8. LCCN79015078. OCLC5029597.
———; ——— (1984). Moser, Harold D.; MacPherson, Sharon (eds.). The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume II, 1804–1813. University of Tennessee Press. doi:10.7290/utp3038. ISBN978-0-8704-9441-3.
———; ——— (1991). Moser, Harold D.; Hoth, David R.; MacPherson, Sharon; Reinbold, John H. (eds.). The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume III, 1814–1815. University of Tennessee Press. doi:10.7290/utp9085. ISBN978-0-87049-650-9.
———; ——— (1994). Moser, Harold D.; Hoth, David R.; Hoemann, George H. (eds.). The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume IV, 1816–1820. University of Tennessee Press. doi:10.7290/utp8684. ISBN978-0-8704-9219-8.
———; ——— (2002). Moser, Harold D.; Clifft, J. Clint; Wells, Wyatt (eds.). The Papers of Andrew Jackson, Volume VI, 1825–1828. University of Tennessee Press. doi:10.7290/utp7151. ISBN978-1-5723-3174-7.
Campaign materials
An Association of Individuals (1828). Hammond, Charles (ed.). Truth's Advocate and Monthly Anti-Jackson Expositor. Cincinnati, Ohio: Lodge, L'Hommedieu, and Hammond. pp.[, 4], , 400 p. hdl:2027/nyp.33433115687075. LCCN10011988. OCLC909227829. OL22895763M. Sabin 97272; ULS V, p. 4270.
Erwin, Andrew (1828). Gen. Jackson's Negro Speculations, and His Traffic in Human Flesh, Examined and Established by Positive Proof. n.pub. hdl:loc.gdc/scd0001.00118965036. LCCN11017861. OCLC1045598189. OL6532737M. Shoemaker 33082. WikidataQ19042847.
McNairy, Boyd (July 14, 1828). Jackson a negro trader. From the Nashville Banner and Whig. To the public (Broadside). Nashville, Tennessee. LCCN2020772160– via Library of Congress Digital.
Snelling, W. Joseph (1831). A Brief and Impartial History of the Life and Actions of Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, by A Free Man. Boston: Stimpson and Clapp. hdl:loc.gdc/scd0001.00118962965. LCCN11021109. OCLC1114508. OL22862330M.
Unpublished theses
Menck, Mary (May 2017). The Devil's Backbone: Race, Space, and Nation-Building on the Natchez Trace (M.A. thesis). Medford, Massachusetts: Tufts University.
Morris, Christopher C. (1991). Town and Country in the Old South: Vicksburg and Warren County, Mississippi, 1770–1860 (Ph.D. thesis). University of Florida Digital Collections. OCLC46939976.
Pinnen, Christian (May 2012). Slavery and Empire: The Development of Slavery in the Natchez District, 1720–1820 (Ph.D. thesis). Hattiesburg, Mississippi: University of Southern Mississippi. 821.
Smith, Lee Davis (August 2004). A Settlement of Great Consequence: The Development of the Natchez District, 1763–1860 (M.A. thesis). Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University. 2133.
Wohl, Michael S. (July 1984). A Man in Shadow: The Life of Daniel Clark (Ph.D. thesis). New Orleans: Tulane University. OCLC23944928.
Interdisciplinary perspectives
Bumgardner, Georgia Brady (Autumn 1986). "Political Portraiture: Two Prints of Andrew Jackson". American Art Journal. XVIII (4). New York: Kennedy Galleries: 84–95. doi:10.2307/1594466. ISSN0002-7359. JSTOR1594466.
Crockett, Davy (1860). Life of Col. David Crockett, Written by Himself. Philadelphia: G.G. Evans. hdl:loc.gdc/scd0001.00146459377. LCCN07020562. OCLC794347890. OL6985486M. – Originally published in three parts in the 1830s; the first part was probably written by Crockett, but the authorship of the rest is questionable and heavily debated by scholars; see bibliography of works on Davy Crockett.
Stephens, Rachel (2018). Selling Andrew Jackson: Ralph E. W. Earl and the Politics of Portraiture. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN978-1-6111-7867-8. LCCN2017041622. OCLC1023818256. ProjectMUSEbook59054.
Kinship networks
Caffery, Charles S. (n.d.). The Caffery Family, 1737–1900(PDF). n.pub. OCLC15049793.
Dilley, Ora Iona (1986). History and Genealogy of the Greens, Carpenters, Dilleys, Ushers. Vicksburg, Mississippi: Self-published typescript. OCLC18666244. FHL 3461497 – via LDS Family History Library from a copy at the Dallas Public Library.
Headley, Katy McCaleb (n.d.). MacKillop (McCaleb) Clan of Scotland and the United States. Vol.I. Descendants of Captain William and Ann (Mackey) McCaleb. Publication date before 1965, likely 1964. Chillicothe, Missouri: Self-published typescript by Elizabeth Prather Ellsberry. OCLC866105689. FHL Film 876563, DGS 7831231.
Love, Robert Abner (n.d.). General Thomas Love of Western North Carolina and Western Tennessee and His Brothers Robert and James. Published 1950s? (2nded.). St. Petersburg, Florida. OCLC5162030. FHL 189980.
Patton, J. (1850). Biography of James Patton. Asheville, North Carolina: n.pub. OCLC46452157. OL25397531M– via HathiTrust. – Also digitized by UNC's Documenting the American South project.
Short, Aimee Jackson (1960). Jackson–Taylor and Related Families. Dallas: Royal Pub. Co. LCCN61001975. OCLC609246618. OL5817251M.
Stephenson, Mrs. J. P. (1922). "Donaldson–Donelson". In Armstrong, Zella (ed.). Notable Southern Families. Vol.II. Chattanooga, Tennessee: The Lookout Publishing Co. pp.87–127. LCCN18019145. OCLC1037236047. OL23416064M– via HathiTrust, digitized by Google Books from a copy at Harvard University Libraries.
Online
Historic American Buildings Survey (1933). "West Cabin, 4580 Rachel's Lane, Hermitage, Davidson County, TN"– via Library of Congress Digital.
Historic American Buildings Survey (1933). "East Cabin, 4580 Rachel's Lane, Hermitage, Davidson County, TN". The Library of Congress– via Library of Congress Digital.
——— (1834). "The Runaway". Ornithological Biography. Vol.2 (of 5).
——— (1835). "Natchez in 1820". Ornithological Biography. Vol.3 (of 5).
Johnson, John Amos (1963). Pre-Steamboat Navigation on the Lower Mississippi River (Thesis). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. doi:10.31390/gradschool_disstheses.892.
Kapp, Paul Hardin (2022). Heritage and Hoop Skirts: How Natchez Created the Old South. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN978-1-4968-3879-7. LCCN2022014500. OCLC1311168633.
Marshall, Theodora Britton; Evans, Gladys Crail (1939). They Found It in Natchez. New Orleans: Pelican Pub. Co. LCCN40001950. OCLC536767.
Polk, Noel, ed. (1989). Natchez Before 1830. The L. O. Crosby Jr. Memorial Lectures in Mississippi Culture. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN978-0-87805-380-3. LCCN88028046. OCLC18739746.
Tomich, Dale W.; Marquese, Rafael de Bivar; Funes Monzote, Reinaldo; Venegas Fornias, Carlos (2021). Reconstructing the Landscapes of Slavery: A Visual History of the Plantation in the Nineteenth-Century Atlantic World. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN978-1-4696-6311-1. LCCN2020044270. OCLC1243325207.
External links
Creating the American South, 1790–1860 (storymaps.arcgis.com)
"Let America Be America Again" by Langston Hughes (1935)
"American Poem" by Ras Baraka (2003)
Categories:
Slavery in the United States
1828 United States presidential election
Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson administration controversies
Businesspeople from Nashville, Tennessee
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History of slavery in Mississippi
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Southwest Territory
Mississippi Territory
Natchez Trace
Slavery of Native Americans
Slave trade in the United States
Pre-statehood history of Mississippi
Pre-statehood history of Tennessee
Presidents of the United States and slavery
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