デトロイト出身者一覧

デトロイト出身者のリストには、ミシガン州デトロイトおよびデトロイト都市圏で生まれた人、住んでいた人、または働いたことのある人が含まれます。

活動家

アーティストとデザイナー

陶芸家

ダンサー

ロッティ・“ザ・ボディ”・グレイブス^{[ 25 ]}

ファッションデザイナー

写真家

彫刻家

テキスタイルおよびインテリアデザイナー

宇宙飛行士

グレゴリー・ジャービス^{[ 51 ]}

ビジネス、産業、学術、労働

聖職者と宗教

政府と政治

アルバート・M・ビエラウスキー（1867年 - 1942年）、ミシガン州下院議員^{[ 136 ]}
ジェームズ・ブランチャード（1942年生まれ）、ミシガン州選出の米国下院議員、ミシガン州知事^{[ 137 ]}
スザンヌ・ボナミチ（1954年生まれ）、米国オレゴン州選出下院議員^{[ 138 ]}
ソニー・ボノ（1935年 - 1998年）、カリフォルニア州選出の米国下院議員^{[ 139 ]}
ウォルター・B・ブレイディ、ミシガン州下院議員^{[ 140 ]}
コーラ・ブラウン（1914年 - 1972年）は、州上院議員に選出された最初のアフリカ系アメリカ人女性であり、ミシガン州上院議員を務めた^[¹⁴¹^]。
ヘンリー・ビリングス・ブラウン（1836年 - 1913年）、最高裁判所判事^[¹⁴²^]
ヴァーン・ブキャナン（1951年生まれ）、フロリダ州選出の米国下院議員^{[ 143 ]}
エラ・ブリー＝カミングス（1958年生まれ）、デトロイト警察署長^{[ 144 ]}
ラルフ・バンチ（1904年 - 1971年）、ノーベル平和賞受賞者、外交官^{[ 145 ]}
ミッキー・カファグナ（1943年 - 2009年）、カリフォルニア州ポウェイ市長^{[ 146 ]}
ウォルター・H・キャンベル（1876年 - 1944年）、ミネソタ州下院議員^{[ 147 ]}
ベン・カーソン（1951年生まれ）、住宅都市開発長官^{[ 148 ]}
ルイス・キャス（1782年 - 1866年）、国務長官、ミシガン州選出の米国上院議員^{[ 149 ]}
ロイ・D・チャピン（1880年～1936年）、商務長官^{[ 150 ]}
J. ミシェル・チャイルズ（1966年生まれ）、連邦判事^{[ 151 ]}^{[ 152 ]}
ジョン・コニャーズ（1929年 - 2019年）、ミシガン州選出の米国下院議員^{[ 153 ]}
レオン・チョルゴシュ（1873年 - 1901年）、ウィリアム・マッキンリー大統領を暗殺したアナキスト^[¹⁵⁴^]
フランシス・X・デノワーズ（1813年 - 1868年）、ウィスコンシン州グリーンベイ市長、ウィスコンシン州議会議員^{[ 155 ]}
トーマス・E・デューイ（1902年 - 1971年）、ニューヨーク州知事^{[ 156 ]}
デビー・ディンゲル（1953年生まれ）、ミシガン州選出の米国下院議員^{[ 157 ]}
ジョン・ディンゲル（1926年 - 2019年）、ミシガン州選出の米国下院議員^{[ 158 ]}
ジョン・ディンゲル・シニア（1894年 - 1955年）、ミシガン州選出の米国下院議員^{[ 159 ]}
ガーシュウィン・A・ドレイン（1949年生まれ）、連邦判事^{[ 160 ]}
キース・エリソン（1963年生まれ）、ミネソタ州選出の米国下院議員、ミネソタ州司法長官^{[ 161 ]}
ジャック・ファクソン（1936年 - 2020年）、ミシガン州上院議員^{[ 162 ]}
ウィリアム・ウェブ・ファーガソン（1857年 - 1910年）、ミシガン州下院議員^{[ 163 ]}
モーゼス・W・フィールド（1828年 - 1889年）、ミシガン州選出の米国下院議員^{[ 164 ]}
バーリー・フォレット（1806年 - 1877年）、ウィスコンシン州グリーンベイ市長^{[ 165 ]}
マイケル・フーゲール（1956年生まれ）、サスカチュワン州レジャイナ市長^{[ 166 ]}
ネイサン・グッデル（1798年 - 1883年）、ウィスコンシン州グリーンベイの市長^{[ 167 ]}
レネー・ホール（1971年生まれ）、ダラス警察署長^{[ 168 ]}
アルバート・ハモンド（1883年 - 1968年）、ウィスコンシン州議会議員^{[ 169 ]}
トム・ヘイデン（1939年 - 2016年）、カリフォルニア州上院議員^{[ 170 ]}
ロバート・J・ヒューバー（1922年 - 2001年）、ミシガン州選出の米国下院議員^{[ 171 ]}
トゥパック・A・ハンター（1973年生まれ）、ミシガン州上院議員^{[ 172 ]}
ジョン・A・ハステッド（1967年生まれ）、オハイオ州選出の米国上院議員^{[ 173 ]}
マリリン・ジーン・ケリー（1938年生まれ）、ミシガン州最高裁判所長官^{[ 174 ]}
クワメ・キルパトリック（1970年生まれ）、デトロイト市長^{[ 175 ]}
T. ジョン・レジンスキー(1925–1996)、ミシガン州下院議員^{[ 176 ]}
カール・レヴィン（1934年 - 2021年）、ミシガン州選出の米国上院議員^{[ 177 ]}
ヘンリー・W・ロード（1821年 - 1891年）、ミシガン州選出の米国下院議員^{[ 178 ]}
アルフレッド・ラッキング（1856年 - 1929年）、ミシガン州選出の米国下院議員^{[ 179 ]}
アイリーン・マクナルティ（1952年生まれ）、ペンシルベニア州歳入長官^{[ 180 ]}
ジョン・N・ミッチェル（1913年 - 1988年）、アメリカ合衆国司法長官^{[ 181 ]}
フランク・マーフィー（1890年 - 1949年）、ミシガン州知事および最高裁判所判事^{[ 182 ]}
サイモン・J・マーフィー・ジュニア（1851年 - 1926年）、ウィスコンシン州グリーンベイ市長^{[ 183 ]}
ジョン・ストートン・ニューベリー（1826年 - 1887年）、ミシガン州選出の米国下院議員^{[ 184 ]}
キャスマー・P・オゴノウスキー（1923年 - 2012年）、ミシガン州下院議員^{[ 185 ]}
ドロシー・コムストック・ライリー（1924年 - 2004年）、ミシガン州最高裁判所判事^{[ 186 ]}
ミット・ロムニー（1947年生まれ）、ユタ州選出の米国上院議員、マサチューセッツ州知事^{[ 187 ]}
ヘンリー・ヘイスティングス・シブリー（1811年 - 1891年）、ミネソタ州知事^{[ 188 ]}
シュリ・タネダー（1955年生まれ）、ミシガン州選出の米国下院議員^{[ 189 ]}
ラシダ・トレイブ（1976年生まれ）、ミシガン州選出の米国下院議員^{[ 190 ]}
オーガスタス・B・ウッドワード（1774年 - 1827年）、ミシガン準州およびフロリダ準州の判事^{[ 191 ]}
コールマン・ヤング（1918年 - 1997年）、デトロイト市長^{[ 192 ]}

軍隊

映画、ラジオ、テレビ、ジャーナリズム

ミュージシャン、バンド、作曲家

スポーツ選手

アメフト

野球

バスケットボール

ゴルフ

ホッケー

総合格闘技

モータースポーツ

オリンピック選手

サッカー

水泳と飛び込み

テニス

マイケル・ラッセル^{[ 902 ]}

陸上競技

作家、小説家、詩人

その他

クラブ・シャラメ、ソーシャルメディアパーソナリティ^{[ 956 ]}

注記

↑ Sprague, William Cyrus; Ellis, Griffith Ogden; Kelland, Clarence B.; Towers, Walter K.; Austin, Frederick R. (1895). The Law Student's Helper: A Monthly Magazine for the Student in and Out of Law School, Volume 3 . Collector Publishing Company. p. 458 . 2021年4月27日のオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。 2021年4月27日に取得。
↑ 「ヴィオラ・リウッツォ」。ユニテリアン・ユニバーサリスト歴史遺産協会（UUHHS）1999年～2014年。2014年2月20日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2014年5月30日取得。
↑ 「ミシガン州の裁判官は法廷での服装を規制できる」。ニューヨーク・タイムズ。AP通信。2009年6月18日。2016年3月4日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2015年10月22日取得。
↑ Davey, Monica (2005年11月3日) 「デトロイトでローザ・パークスを称える日」ニューヨーク・タイムズ。2021年3月23日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2020年2月7日閲覧。
↑ 「マルコムXの未亡人、ベティ・シャバズが61歳で死去」。CNN.com 。1997年6月23日。2020年12月18日にオリジナルからアーカイブ。2020年1月12日に取得。
↑ 「デトロイト出身のジャロン・ホワイト＝ニューサムがクレスジ環境プログラムに参加」。クレスジ財団。2016年2月1日。2021年10月4日にオリジナルからアーカイブ。2021年10月4日に取得。
↑ガブリエル、ラリー（2018年10月10日）。「マルコムXがかつて住んでいたインクスターの家を救おうとするグループ」。デトロイト・メトロ・タイムズ。2022年8月9日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2020年2月7日取得。
↑ Bulanda, George (2012年4月10日) 「デトロイトの建築家チャールズ・アグリーを偲んで」Hour Detroit。2019年9月28日にオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。2019年9月28日に取得。
↑サリバン、タリン。「C. ハワード・クレーン（1885年8月13日 - 1952年8月14日）」。ヒストリカル・デトロイト。2019年3月30日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2019年9月28日取得。
↑ Messner, Matthew (2016年11月21日) 「デトロイトの2つのアールデコ様式の象徴が再開発され保存される」 The Architect's Newspaper . 2020年8月15日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2021年2月22日取得。
↑ウィルソン、ドレック・スパーロック（2004年3月）。「フランシス・ユージン・グリフィス（1910–1973）」。『アフリカ系アメリカ人建築家：伝記辞典、1865-1945』。ラウトレッジ。245–248頁。ISBN 978-1-135-95629-52023年9月8日にオリジナルからアーカイブされました。2024年1月22日に取得。
↑グリーン、ペネロペ（2021年11月22日）。「黒人教会のモダニズム建築家、ネイサン・ジョンソン氏、96歳で死去」。ニューヨーク・タイムズ。ISSN 0362-4331。2023年9月7日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2024年1月22日取得。
↑ Raj, Roop; Komer, David (2021年11月11日) 「先駆的な黒人建築家がデトロイトの動物保護施設のための500万ドルの新施設の指揮を執る」 Fox 2 Detroit。2023年5月30日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2024年4月25日取得。
↑ハダッド、ケン（2016年12月8日）。「アルバート・カーン：デトロイトの建築家」。ClickOnDetroit.com 。2019年9月28日のオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。2019年9月28日に取得。
↑オドネル、モーリーン（2016年8月30日）。「先駆的な建築家ロジャー・マーゲラム氏、85歳で死去」。シカゴ・サンタイムズ。2024年1月27日にオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。
↑ McGeen, Denise. "Wirt C. Rowland (1878年12月1日 - 1946年11月30日)" . Historical Detroit . 2019年9月28日のオリジナルからアーカイブ済み. 2019年9月28日に取得.
↑マーキス、アルバート・ネルソン( 1908)。「ウェッツェル、バーナード C.」。『デトロイト市民名鑑』。AN マーキス。474–475 ページ。2024年1 月 31 日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2024年1 月 31 日取得。
↑バートン、クラレンス・モンロー；ストッキング、ウィリアム；ミラー、ゴードン・K.（1922年1月23日）。「バーナード・クリスチャン・ウェッツェル」。『ミシガン州デトロイト市、1701-1922年』。SJクラーク出版。ISBN 978-5-87716-373-72024年3月5日にオリジナルからアーカイブされました。2024年2月1日にGoogleブックス経由で取得しました。{{cite book}}ISBN /日付の不一致（ヘルプ）
↑ウィルソン、ドレック・スパーロック（2004年3月）。「ドナルド・フランク・ホワイト（1908年～2002年）」。アフリカ系アメリカ人建築家：伝記辞典、1865年～1945年。ラウトレッジ。600 ～ 604ページ。ISBN 978-1-135-95629-52023年9月8日にオリジナルからアーカイブされました。2024年1月22日に取得。
↑ウェルチ、シェリー（2015年3月8日）。「建築家ミノル・ヤマサキがデトロイトで築いた功績」。Crain 's Detroit Business 。 2020年7月24日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2019年9月28日取得。
↑ 「コールキンズ、ホレス・J.」デトロイト歴史協会。2019年9月29日にオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。2019年9月29日に取得。
↑ 「背景 – トム・ロラー」。トム・ロラー。2023年9月27日にオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。2019年9月29日に取得。
↑ 「美術史作品ダイアナ・パンチョーリ陶芸家」ダイアナ・パンチョーリ陶芸家2019年9月29日にオリジナルからアーカイブ済み2019年9月29日に取得.
↑ 「ストラットン、メアリー・チェイス・ペリー」。デトロイト歴史協会。2019年9月29日にオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。2019年9月29日に取得。
↑ 「楽園の回復」。デトロイト・メトロ・タイムズ。2005年8月3日。2022年5月18日にオリジナルからアーカイブ。2019年9月29日取得。
↑ Farra, Emily (2019年6月24日). 「Tracy Reeseがデトロイトを拠点とする、持続可能な「責任あるデザイン」の新しいコレクションを発表」 . Vogue . 2019年9月29日のオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。 2019年9月29日に取得。
↑ Boyd, Kayla (2015年11月10日) 「Anna Suiがミシガン劇場でファッションと成功について語る」 EasternEcho.com 2023年9月7日のオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。2016年1月27日取得。
↑ウィッツィル、フランク（2015年3月12日）。「ジョン・ヴァルヴァトスが故郷デトロイトに戻り、メンズウェアショップをオープン」。デトロイト・フリー・プレス。2019年9月29日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。 2019年9月29日閲覧。
↑ジャックマン、マイケル（2014年5月30日）。「ラリー・D・アレクサンダーさん、お誕生日おめでとう」。デトロイト・メトロ・タイムズ。2022年5月19日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2019年9月29日閲覧。
↑マクラウド、メアリアン（2014年6月26日）。「アートセンターが革新的な展覧会を開催：全国的に有名なイアン・ホーナック回顧展」。マコーム・デイリー。2024年3月5日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2019年9月29日取得。
1 2 3ボールチ、ヴィヴィアン M. (1998 年 1 月 30 日)。「デトロイトは芸術の肥沃な土壌である」。デトロイトニュース。2021年 11 月 26 日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2019年10 月 2 日取得。
↑フェイガン、モーリーン（2021年11月10日）。「デトロイトのアートシーンの柱である画家アリー・マクギーは、常に既成概念を打ち破り続けている」。デトロイト・ニュース。2022年10月18日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2022年10月19日取得。
↑ 「私について — エリック・ミリキン」。エリック・ミリキン。2018年7月9日。2019年9月29日にオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。2019年9月29日に取得。
↑ "ナイアガラ・デトロイト：概要" .ナイアガラ・デトロイト. 2019年9月26日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ済み. 2019年9月29日閲覧.
↑ 「カール・オーウェンズ」。First Art Source。2007年4月3日のオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。 2019年10月2日取得。
↑ 「ジョン・ミックス・スタンレー」。スミソニアン・アメリカ美術館。2020年2月18日にオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。2019年10月2日に取得。
↑ジャックマン、マイケル（2016年9月21日）。「ビル・シュワブの新作は都市の黄昏を捉えている」。デトロイト・メトロ・タイムズ。2022年8月14日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2019年10月2日取得。
↑ "IRAKLY SHANIDZE – GROSSE POINTE PARK • MICHIGAN • USA • EARTH • SOLAR SYSTEM • UNIVERSE" . Shanidze.com . 2022年1月31日にオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。2019年12月24日に取得。
↑ブレナン、エリザベス A.、クララージ、エリザベス C. (1999).ピューリッツァー賞受賞者名鑑. グリーンウッド出版グループ. p. 209. ISBN 978-1-57356-111-22024年3月5日にオリジナルからアーカイブされました。2019年10月2日に取得。
↑ボールチ、ヴィヴィアン M. (1998 年 8 月 3 日)。「マーシャル・フレデリックス ― デトロイトの精神」。デトロイト・ニュース。2019年 4 月 16 日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2019年10 月 2 日取得。
↑コッター、ホランド（2012年2月1日）。「個性的なアーティスト、マイク・ケリー、57歳で死去」。ニューヨーク・タイムズ。2019年12月19日のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。 2019年10月2日閲覧。
↑ 「ジュリアス・テオドール・メルチャーズ（1829–1908）」。パルドゥッチ協会。2019年12月24日にオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。2019年12月24日に取得。
↑ボールチ、ヴィヴィアン M. (1999 年 9 月 5 日)。「カール・ミルズ、クランブルックのお気に入りの彫刻家」。デトロイト・ニュース。2016年 3 月 6 日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2019年12 月 24 日取得。
↑バロス、ジェニファー。「コラード・パルドゥッチ（1900年3月19日 – 1981年11月22日）」。歴史的なデトロイト。2019年12月24日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2019 年12 月 24 日に取得。
↑ Keith, Kelsey (2014年4月29日). 「注目すべきアーティスト：マット・パウェスキー」 . Dwell . 2022年10月3日のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2024年8月3日閲覧。
↑ 「リッター・グラス – リチャード・リッター」。リッター・グラス。2022年2月22日にオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。2019年10月2日に取得。
↑デリカート、アルマンド（2005）。デトロイト在住のイタリア人。アルカディア出版。 p. 65．ISBN 978-0-7385-3985-02023年10月16日にオリジナルからアーカイブされました。2019年12月24日に取得。
↑ナブロッキ、デニス・アラン（2008）。『デトロイトの公共空間における芸術』ウェイン州立大学出版局、 26ページ。ISBN 978-0-8143-3378-52023年10月16日にオリジナルからアーカイブされました。2019年12月24日に取得。
↑ 「BOMB Magazine | ステファニー・ジェームズによるキャロル・ハリスへのオーラルヒストリー…」。BOMB Magazine。2025年5月28日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2025年5月1日に取得。
↑ソロモン、ジュディス・ハリス（2017年9月21日）。「象徴的なテキスタイルデザイナー、ルース・アドラー・シュニーは健在」。デトロイト・ニュース。2017年9月30日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2017年9月29日閲覧。
↑ Nordheimer, Jon (1986年2月10日). "知識を愛する2人の宇宙初心者; グレゴリー・ジャービス" .ニューヨーク・タイムズ. 2022年12月23日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2019年12月3日取得。
↑ 「スティーブ・バルマーの速報」。CNN 。 2019年4月1日。2019年12月3日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2019年12月3日に取得。
↑ Robinowitz, Carolyn B. (1991年9月). 「Elissa P. Benedek, MD: 第119代会長、1990～1991年」。American Journal of Psychiatry . 148 (9): 1135–7 . doi : 10.1176/ajp.148.9.1135 . PMID 1882989 .
↑ 「ウィリアム・E・ボーイングの伝記」（PDF）。ボーイング。2023年9月26日にオリジナルからアーカイブ（PDF）。 2019年12月3日に取得。
↑ 「ブース、ジョージ＆エレン」。デトロイト歴史協会。2019年12月3日にオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。2019年12月3日に取得。
↑ Schultz, Abby (2022年8月15日). "20 Minutes With: Christie's President for the Americas Bonnie Brennan" . Barron's . 2025年6月13日のオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。 2025年6月12日取得。
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References and further reading

ガブリロヴィッチ、ピーター＆ビル・マクグロー（2000）。デトロイト・アルマナック。デトロイト・フリー・プレス。ISBN 0-937247-34-0。
ガブリロヴィッチ、ピーター＆ビル・マクグロー（2006）。『デトロイト・アルマナック』第2版。デトロイト・フリー・プレス。ISBN 978-0-937247-48-8。
ヘンドリックス、デイブ（2008年8月15日）。「ヒダルゴ郡が失業率と雇用増加率で州内トップ｜リード、郡、率 – Now」。TheMonitor.com 。 2011年1月30日取得。
Hill, Eric J. & John Gallagher (2002). AIA Detroit: The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture . Wayne State University Press. ISBN 0-8143-3120-3。
メイヤー、キャサリン・マッティングリー、マーティン・CP・マッケルロイ（1980）。デトロイト建築AIAガイド改訂版。W・ホーキンス・フェリー（名誉AIA）による序文。ウェイン州立大学出版局。ISBN 0-8143-1651-4。
ポレンバ、デイビッド・リー（2003）。デトロイト：自動車都市の歴史。アーカディア出版。ISBN 0-7385-2435-2。
マクフィーリー、ウィリアム・S. (1974)。ウッドワード、C.ヴァン (編)。大統領による不正行為の告発への対応。ニューヨーク、ニューヨーク：デラコート・プレス。ISBN 0-440-05923-2。

[1] Sprague, William Cyrus; Ellis, Griffith Ogden; Kelland, Clarence B.; Towers, Walter K.; Austin, Frederick R. (1895). The Law Student's Helper: A Monthly Magazine for the Student in and Out of Law School, Volume 3 . Collector Publishing Company. p. 458 . 2021年4月27日のオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。 2021年4月27日に取得。

[2] 「ヴィオラ・リウッツォ」。ユニテリアン・ユニバーサリスト歴史遺産協会（UUHHS）1999年～2014年。2014年2月20日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2014年5月30日取得。

[3] 「ミシガン州の裁判官は法廷での服装を規制できる」。ニューヨーク・タイムズ。AP通信。2009年6月18日。2016年3月4日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2015年10月22日取得。

[4] Davey, Monica (2005年11月3日) 「デトロイトでローザ・パークスを称える日」ニューヨーク・タイムズ。2021年3月23日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2020年2月7日閲覧。

[5] 「マルコムXの未亡人、ベティ・シャバズが61歳で死去」。CNN.com 。1997年6月23日。2020年12月18日にオリジナルからアーカイブ。2020年1月12日に取得。

[6] 「デトロイト出身のジャロン・ホワイト＝ニューサムがクレスジ環境プログラムに参加」。クレスジ財団。2016年2月1日。2021年10月4日にオリジナルからアーカイブ。2021年10月4日に取得。

[7] ガブリエル、ラリー（2018年10月10日）。「マルコムXがかつて住んでいたインクスターの家を救おうとするグループ」。デトロイト・メトロ・タイムズ。2022年8月9日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2020年2月7日取得。

[8] Bulanda, George (2012年4月10日) 「デトロイトの建築家チャールズ・アグリーを偲んで」Hour Detroit。2019年9月28日にオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。2019年9月28日に取得。

[9] サリバン、タリン。「C. ハワード・クレーン（1885年8月13日 - 1952年8月14日）」。ヒストリカル・デトロイト。2019年3月30日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2019年9月28日取得。

[10] Messner, Matthew (2016年11月21日) 「デトロイトの2つのアールデコ様式の象徴が再開発され保存される」 The Architect's Newspaper . 2020年8月15日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2021年2月22日取得。

[DSWilson2-11] ウィルソン、ドレック・スパーロック（2004年3月）。「フランシス・ユージン・グリフィス（1910–1973）」。『アフリカ系アメリカ人建築家：伝記辞典、1865-1945』。ラウトレッジ。245–248頁。ISBN 978-1-135-95629-52023年9月8日にオリジナルからアーカイブされました。2024年1月22日に取得。

[12] グリーン、ペネロペ（2021年11月22日）。「黒人教会のモダニズム建築家、ネイサン・ジョンソン氏、96歳で死去」。ニューヨーク・タイムズ。ISSN 0362-4331。2023年9月7日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。 2024年1月22日取得。

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[Marquis-17] マーキス、アルバート・ネルソン( 1908)。「ウェッツェル、バーナード C.」。『デトロイト市民名鑑』。AN マーキス。474–475 ページ。2024年1 月 31 日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2024年1 月 31 日取得。

[dig-18] バートン、クラレンス・モンロー；ストッキング、ウィリアム；ミラー、ゴードン・K.（1922年1月23日）。「バーナード・クリスチャン・ウェッツェル」。『ミシガン州デトロイト市、1701-1922年』。SJクラーク出版。ISBN 978-5-87716-373-72024年3月5日にオリジナルからアーカイブされました。2024年2月1日にGoogleブックス経由で取得しました。{{cite book}}ISBN /日付の不一致（ヘルプ）

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