Hafiz Saeed, chief of Jama'at-ud-Da'wah (JuD), has questioned Pakistan's decision to adopt Urdu as its national language in a country where majority of people speak Punjabi language, citing his interpretation of Islamic doctrine as encouraging education in the mother-tongue.[202] Some of the organisations and activists that demand the promotion of the Punjabi language include:
Cultural and research institutes: Punjabi Adabi Board, the Khoj Garh Research Centre, Punjabi Prachar, Institute for Peace and Secular Studies, Adbi Sangat, Khaaksaar Tehreek, Saanjh, Maan Boli Research Centre, Punjabi Sangat Pakistan, Punjabi Markaz, Sver International.
Trade unions and youth groups: Punjabi Writers Forum, National Students Federation, Punjabi Union-Pakistan, Punjabi National Conference, National Youth Forum, Punjabi Writers Forum, National Students Federation, Punjabi Union, Pakistan, and the Punjabi National Conference.
Notable activists include Tariq Jatala, Farhad Iqbal, Diep Saeeda, Khalil Ojla, Afzal Sahir, Jamil Ahmad Paul, Mazhar Tirmazi, Mushtaq Sufi, Biya Je, Tohid Ahmad Chattha and Bilal Shaker Kahaloon, Nazeer Kahut.[203][204][205]
List of Punjabi people, also includes people of Punjabi ethnicity from India and elsewhere
Notes
12Punjab's contribution to national economy was 60.58%, or $925 billion (PPP) and $225 billion (nominal) in 2022.[2][3]
↑No official status; just recognition as the province's language, managed under the statutory body Punjab Institute of Language, Art & Culture (PILAC).
↑ Khalid, Kanwal (2015). "Lahore of Pre Historic Era" (PDF) . Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan . 52 (2): 73. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 August 2022 . Retrieved 20 January 2019 .集合的な意味での 5 つの川に関する最も古い言及はヤジュルヴェーダに見られ、5 つの川が合流する土地を表すサンスクリット語である Panchananda という言葉が使われています。 [...] 後期には、ギリシャ人はこの土地を特定するために「Pentapotamia」という用語を使用しました。( Penta は5 を意味し、potamia は水を意味し、5 つの川の土地を意味します) イスラムの歴史家はこの地域を「Punjab」という言葉で表現しました。これも新しい言葉ではなく、ペルシア語圏では、5 つの川や湖が合流する特定の場所にこの名前が付けられているという記述があります。
ペルシア語の原文については、Sh 教授を参照してください。アブドゥル・ラシッド編(1965年)。Insha-yi Mahru、musshi'at-i "Ayn al-Din "Ayn al-Mulk" Abd Allah bin Mahru (ペルシャ語)。ラホール: パキスタン研究協会、パンジャブ大学。p. 101。OCLC 844529945 – via Rekhta。با هجوم مغل در ولایت وسیعۀ پنجاب در آمده بود
↑ Ahir, DC (1971). Buddhism in the Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh . Maha Bodhi Society of India. p. 31. OCLC 1288206.デメトリオスは紀元前166年に亡くなり、王の近親者であったアポロドトスは紀元前161年に亡くなった。彼の死後、メナンドロスはパンジャブに王国を築いた。こうして紀元前161年からメナンドロスは紀元前145年または紀元前130年に亡くなるまでパンジャブの支配者であった。
↑ Rahman, Abdul (2002). "New Light on the Khingal, Turk and the Hindu Sahis" (PDF) . Ancient Pakistan . XV : 37– 42.したがって、ヒンドゥー シャーヒー族はバッティ族でもジャンジュア族でもバラモンでもなかった。彼らは単にウディ族/オディ族であった。ヒンドゥー シャーヒーという用語は誤称であり、単に宗教的差別に基づいているため、捨てて忘れるべきであることが今やわかる。正しい名称はウディまたはオディ シャーヒー王朝である。
↑マイスター、マイケル W. (2005)。「カフィルコット北におけるプラットフォーム拡張の問題」(PDF)。古代パキスタン。XVI : 41–48。レーマン (2002: 41) は、ヒンドゥー教のシャーヒ族をより正確な名前「ウディ・シャーヒ族」と呼ぶことを主張している。
↑ Jackson, Peter (1990). "Jalāl al-Dīn, the Mongols, and the Khwarazmian Conquest of the Panjāb and Sind" . Iran . 28 : 45– 54. doi : 10.2307/4299834 . ISSN 0578-6967 .
↑ Ahmed, Iftikhar (1984). "パンジャブにおけるジャット・カーストの地域分布 c. 1595 – c. 1881". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress . 45 . Indian History Congress: 429, 432. ISSN 2249-1937 . JSTOR 44140224 .
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↑Wheeler, Mortimer (1955). "Chapter II: The Archaeology Of Pakistan". In Ikram, Sheikh Muhamad; Spear, Thomas George Percival (eds.). The Cultural Heritage of Pakistan. Oxford University Press. p.28. OCLC574940275. Chief amongst them is perhaps the mosque of Wazir Khan, built in A.D. 1634 by one of Shah Jahan's Punjabi ministers.
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