bai' al 'ina/wadi'ah(銀行は顧客に特定の価格で商品/物品を販売し、その後まもなく顧客からより低い価格で買い戻します。2つの価格の差額は、カードの管理サービスに対する銀行の収入となります。顧客が銀行に最初に支払った金額は、クレジットカードの口座残高および支出上限額となります。銀行から顧客への返済は、購入後に残った残高となります。)[ 398 ]
行動経済学者は一般的に、株価は投資家の気分に大きく影響されると主張します。たとえば、研究者は、日照や今後の祝日などの好ましい出来事が株価にプラスの影響を与えることを発見しました (Kim and Park、1994)。ラマダンはイスラム教の五行の1つであり、イスラム暦の9番目の月に夜明けから日没まで断食する宗教的慣習です。Białkowski et al. (2012)、Al-Hajieh et al. (2011)、Al-Khazali (2014) などのいくつかの研究では、イスラム諸国の株式はラマダン期間中に年間を通じて他の期間よりも高い収益を上げていることがわかっています。これらの結果は、ラマダンがイスラム教徒の楽観主義を促し、それが株価にプラスの影響を与えるという事実によって説明されています。
金融市場の重要な分野の一つである住宅購入において、イスラム金融は少なくとも一部の国(2002年時点の英国、2009年時点の米国およびカナダ)では従来の金融と競争できていない。Humayon Dar氏によると、英国でAhli United Bank Kuwaitのイスラム投資銀行部門が使用するシャリア準拠の「リース契約」の月々の支払額は、同等の従来の住宅ローンよりも「はるかに高い」という。[ 556 ] Hans Visser氏によると 、カナダではイスラム住宅ローンのコストは従来の住宅ローンよりも100~300ベーシスポイント高く、米国では40~100ベーシスポイント高かった。(Visser氏は、イスラムのイジャラ融資のコストが高いのは、銀行の最低資本要件に関する国際基準であるバーゼルIおよびバーゼルIIの下で、従来の住宅ローンと比較してリスク加重が高いためだと述べている。)[ 328 ]
成熟
MO Farooqによると、イスラム金融運動がイスラム銀行業界の欠点について「よく説明する」のは以下の通りである。
Alharbi, AT (2017). 「イスラム銀行の収益性の決定要因:国際的な証拠」 . International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management . 10 (3): 331–350 . doi : 10.1108/IMEFM-12-2015-0161 . 2021年11月6日取得。
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↑ Ahmad and, Abu Umar Faruq; Hassan, M. Kabir (2009). "イスラム金融における貨幣の時間価値の概念" (PDF) . The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences . 23 (1) . 2016年8月31日取得.
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