シンシナティ動物園で最後に飼育されていた鳥が死んだ1918年がこの種の絶滅日と一般的に言われているが、野生個体群がそれ以降も存続していたという確かな報告もある。2つの亜種、C. c. carolinensis(カロライナインコ、アパラチア山脈の東と南に生息、 1918年または1930年頃に絶滅)とC. c. ludovicianus(ルイジアナインコ、アパラチア山脈の西に生息、 1912年頃に絶滅)がある。
モロカイ島に生息している可能性のある場所が調査されていないため、公式には絶滅危惧種に分類されている。オアフ島( M. l. woahensis、1850年代に絶滅)、ラナイ島(基亜種M. l. lanaiensis、1930年代初頭に絶滅)、モロカイ島(M. l. rutha、1980年代に絶滅?)から3つの亜種が知られており、マウイ島(19世紀後半以前に絶滅)から4番目の亜種が存在する可能性がある。
Doubtfully distinct from the nominate subspecies of the Australian masked owl, but differed behaviorally.
Buru masked owl, Tyto sororcula cayelii (Buru, Indonesia, mid-20th century?)
A subspecies of the Moluccan masked owl last recorded in 1921; the identity of a similar bird found on Seram remains to be determined. It may still exist, as an owl matching this bird's description was encountered in August 2006.
A subspecies of the Sulawesi masked owl or a distinct species. It may possibly still exist, but the only known specimen was taken in 1938 and there have been no further records since then.
Samar bay owl, Phodilus badius riverae (Samar, Philippines, mid-20th century)
A subspecies of the Oriental bay owl or a possibly distinct species. Its taxonomy is doubtful, but the only known specimen was lost in a 1945 bombing raid, so its validity cannot be verified; no population exists on Samar today.
This subspecies of the indigo-capped hummingbird is only known from a specimen collected in Costa Rica in 1895. It is likely to have become extinct since then.
Alejandro Selkirk firecrown, Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi (Alejandro Selkirk Island, Juan Fernández Islands, Southeast Pacific, 1908)
The nominate subspecies of Whitehead's swiftlet is only known from four specimens collected at Mount Data in 1895. Because of the lack of further records and massive habitat destruction, it is usually considered extinct. Given the size of the island, though, it may still exist.
Sangihe dwarf kingfisher, Ceyx fallax sangirensis (Sangihe, Indonesia, 1998?)
This subspecies of the Sulawesi dwarf kingfisher was last seen in 1997 but not during a thorough survey one year later; it is either close to extinction or already extinct. Sometimes it is said to occur on the Talaud Islands also, but this is erroneous.
Guadalcanal little kingfisher, Ceyx pusillus aolae (Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands,?)
There exist reports of locals that kingfishers–probably a subspecies of the chattering kingfisher (Todiramphus tutus) which is found on neighboring islands, but possibly vagrants from there–were found until around 1979 and there is a last record from 1984. Presently, no kingfishers are known to exist on Rarotonga.
Previously considered as a distinct species, then reclassified as a subspecies of the Guam kingfisher. Only seen once by scientists in 1887; the specimen taken is somewhat damaged, making identification by anything other than molecular analysis difficult. It is now thought likely that the specimen came from Guam, where the aforementioned species was distributed, rather than Miyako, which would make this subspecies invalid (it was declared invalid by the International Ornithological Congress in 2022).
This subspecies of the Madagascar pygmy kingfisher is only known from one specimen taken in 1974 in an area where most of its habitat had already been destroyed. However, there have been records of the species (or an uncertain subspecies) from near the type locality, suggesting it is likely that it may still exist.
A subspecies of the Visayan hornbill of somewhat uncertain taxonomic status (it was possibly either a distinct species or a color morph); the last confirmed report was in 1971 and it became extinct shortly thereafter.
Javan buff-rumped woodpecker, Meiglyptes tristis tristis (Java, Indonesia, c.1920?)
The nominate subspecies of the buff-rumped woodpecker became rare during the 19th century due to habitat destruction. The last confirmed record was in 1880, and it is now considered to be at least very rare.
Guadalupe red-shafted flicker, Colaptes auratus rufipileus (Guadalupe Island, East Pacific, c.1906)
A subspecies of the northern flicker (formerly considered to be a subspecies of the red-shafted flicker, as C. cafer rufipileus), it was last recorded in 1906 and not found again in both 1911 and 1922. It may be invalid. Recently, vagrant birds of a mainland red-shafted northern flicker subspecies (which one is unknown) have begun recolonizing the island as the habitat improved after the extirpation of feral goats.
Another subspecies of the white-mantled barbet, also considered extinct by some sources, but confirmed extant by researchers in Colombia.
Todd's jacamar, Brachygalba lugubris phaeonota (Brazil, late 20th century?)
A subspecies of the brown jacamar, or possibly a hybrid, a color morph or a distinct species. It may still exist, as it is only known from a remote and seldom-visited area.
Considered either a subspecies of the red kite, a distinct species, or a hybrid between the red and black kite (Milvus migrans), the validity of this taxon has recently been questioned on the basis of molecular analysis; however, hybridization and a confusing molecular phylogeny of red kite populations, coupled with the distinct phenotype of the Cape Verde birds, suggest that the taxonomic status of this form is far from resolved.
The nominate subspecies of the Nicobar sparrowhawk–a species which is itself currently classified as vulnerable–is possibly extinct. It was last reliably recorded in 1901 and, despite searches, has not been sighted after an unconfirmed record in 1977; however, the species is known for being very shy and a population may persist unrecorded.
Sangir red-and-blue lory, Eos histrio histrio (Sangir Archipelago, Indonesia, 1990s?)
The nominate subspecies of the red-and-blue lory was hybridised out of existence through crossbreeding with escaped captive individuals of its other still-existing subspecies, Challenger's red-and-blue lory (E. h. challengeri), with the last certainly distinct individuals disappearing in the 1990s or even much earlier than that.
Known only from a painting and descriptions; the nominate subspecies of the echo parakeet, with the other one being the still-existing Mauritius parakeet (P. e. echo).
Another subspecies of the black-faced pitta. Not found during recent searches; doubtful records from nearby islands, but it is also likely to have been overlooked.
A subspecies of the scale-throated earthcreeper; it is known only from two specimens taken in the early 1950s at Puno, Peru and has not been seen or found since. It may still exist, as there is no obvious reason why it should have become extinct.
A subspecies of the stripe-crowned spinetail known only from a few specimens and not recorded since the 1950s; it may be endangered or possibly extinct.
A subspecies of the giant antpitta (or possibly of the great antpitta, in which case it would be G. excelsa lehmanni) apparently not recorded since the 1940s. It may still exist in Puracé National Natural Park, where there is plentiful habitat remaining.
A subspecies of the brown-banded antpitta recently described from a specimen collected in 1878. It has not been recorded since, despite surveys at a number of likely locations.
A subspecies of the rufous bristlebird not recorded since 1940 despite a number of surveys since then, beginning in the 1970s.
King Island brown thornbill, Acanthiza pusilla archibaldi (King Island, Australia, likely extant)
A subspecies of the brown thornbill which has only been recorded about 10 times since its discovery and is considered extinct by some authorities. The latest record comes from 2002, suggesting a population is likely to still exist, but it is very rare.
Western pied currawong, Strepera graculina ashbyi (Victoria, Australia, 1927)
This subspecies of the pied currawong has been hybridised out of existence by crossbreeding with other subspecies, which probably came into contact with it following habitat destruction in the 1830s. The last certainly distinct individuals were recorded in 1927.
Negros celestial monarch, Hypothymis coelestis rabori (Negros and possibly Sibuyan, Philippines, late 20th century?)
A subspecies of the celestial monarch; not uncommon on Negros in 1959, but not recorded since then. A single Sibuyan specimen from an unspecified locality taken in the 19th century is the only record for this island.
Hiva Oa monarch, Pomarea mendozae mendozae (Hiva Oa and Tahuata, Marquesas, late 20th century)
The nominate subspecies of the Marquesas monarch which was very rare by 1974 and not found during multiple surveys in the 1990s.
Maros cicadabird, Edolisoma tenuirostre edithae (Sulawesi, mid-20th century)
A subspecies of the common cicadabird known from a single specimen collected in 1931; quite possibly just a vagrant individual.
Cebu blackish cuckooshrike, Edolisoma coerulescens altera (Cebu, Philippines, 20th century?)
A subspecies of the blackish cuckooshrike; it may still exist, as this bird is rather unmistakable, and a 1999 record is therefore likely to be valid, though surveys since then have failed to record it.
Another subspecies of the blackish cuckooshrike; described from specimens collected in 1971, but apparently not seen since then. As few ornithologists have visited Marinduque and forest remains on the island, it is likely that it may still exist.
A subspecies of the dark-throated oriole not confirmed since 1906, though there were unconfirmed reports c. 2001, suggesting a possibility that it may still exist.
A distinct local white-with-black-markings and light brown-billed color morph of the North Atlantic raven, a subspecies of the common raven, found only on the Faroe Islands and not seen since 1902. Birds currently living on the Faroe Islands and on Iceland (the only other area in this subspecies' range) are all-black and black-billed; this still-existing color morph is named Corvus corax varius morpha typicus.
Jamaican golden swallow, Tachycineta euchrysea euchrysea (Jamaica, West Indies, c.1990?)
The nominate subspecies of the golden swallow; endemic to Jamaica. The last major roost site was destroyed in 1987 and the last confirmed sighting was in 1989. It may still exist in the Cockpit Country.
Cettiidae–cettiid warblers or typical bush warblers
Babar stubtail, Urosphena subulata advena (Babar, Indonesia, extant)
A subspecies of the Timor stubtail that has been considered extinct, but was recorded as common on Babar in 2009 and 2011.
Western Turner's eremomela, Eremomela turneri kalindei (Congo Basin, Africa, late 20th century?)
The West African subspecies of Turner's eremomela has not been recorded since the end of the 1970s, but there is unsurveyed habitat in its range where it is likely that it may still exist. Its placement in Cettiidae requires confirmation.
Acrocephalidae–acrocephalid warblers or marsh warblers, tree warblers and reed warblers
Oral tradition and some early reports mention a bird called the annañ which inhabited some of the Marshall Islands. The best match is the Nauru reed warbler; the annañ might have been an undescribed subspecies of that species or a distinct but related species of reed warbler.[79]
A subspecies of the long-legged thicketbird; it was found only once, but there was an unconfirmed sighting in 1990, suggesting that it may still exist. Its placement in Sylviidae is doubtful.
The nominate subspecies of Jerdon's babbler was last confirmed in 1941, but as there has been little fieldwork in its range and a possible sighting occurred in 1994, it is considered likely that it may still exist.
A subspecies of the white-browed crombec or possibly a distinct species. Restricted to the Lendu Plateau; it is probably rare, though unsurveyed forest remains where it is likely that it may still exist.
San Benedicto rock wren, Salpinctes obsoletus exsul (San Benedicto, Revillagigedo Islands, 1952)
A subspecies of the rock wren which became extinct c. 9:00 AM, August 1, 1952, when its island habitat was destroyed by a massive volcanic eruption.
Guadalupe Bewick's wren, Thryomanes bewickii brevicauda (Guadalupe Island, East Pacific, late 1890s?)
A subspecies of Bewick's wren. An extinction date of "1903" seems to be in error;[138] the last unquestionable record dates from 1897 and a thorough search in 1901 failed to record it.
A disputed subspecies of the Eurasian wren; it is known from a single specimen that may have been a vagrant individual and, therefore, it is possibly invalid.
Guadeloupe house wren, Troglodytes aedon guadeloupensis (Guadeloupe, West Indies, late 20th century?)
Found in 1914, 1969 and the 1970s; now very rare or already extinct. Its taxonomy is unresolved. A part of the house wren complex; other scientific names for it include T. musculus guadeloupensis and T. guadeloupensis.
Martinique house wren, Troglodytes aedon martinicensis (Martinique, West Indies, c.1890)
Last found in 1886. Its taxonomy is also unresolved. Another part of the house wren complex; other scientific names for it include T. musculus martinicensis and T. martinicensis.
A subspecies of the black-eared ground thrush or possibly a distinct species; known only from two specimens, both from 1966. It is likely that it still exists in suitable habitat, but it could already be extinct.
A subspecies of the russet-tailed thrush known from a single specimen found in 1924. It could have been wiped out by introduced feral cats, but the island is poorly known and so it should not be presumed extinct yet.
Isle of Pines solitaire, Myadestes elisabeth retrusus (Isla de la Juventud, West Indies, 20th century)
A subspecies of the Cuban solitaire. The last confirmed records were in the 1930s, with unconfirmed reports in the early 1970s.
Southern star finch, Bathilda ruficauda ruficauda (Australia, 1995)
The nominate subspecies of the star finch last recorded in 1995 and not found during later searches in the 1990s. It is not known to survive in captivity.
Fringillidae–true finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers
San Benito house finch, Haemorhous mexicanus mcgregori (San Benito, East Pacific, c.1940s)
The nominate subspecies of the Maui ʻalauahio (or, more properly, the Maui Nui ʻalauahio), it was last recorded in 1937 and was certainly extinct by 1960.
Gonâve western chat-tanager, Calyptophilus tertius abbotti (Gonâve, West Indies, c.1980?)
A subspecies of the western chat-tanager last recorded in 1977 and probably extinct.
Samaná eastern chat-tanager, Calyptophilus frugivorus frugivorus (eastern Hispaniola, West Indies, late 20th century)
The nominate subspecies of the eastern chat-tanager; the last (unconfirmed?) record was in 1982 and concerted efforts to record it ever since have failed.
The (possibly invalid) nominate subspecies of the large ground finch collected by Charles Darwin in 1835; he gave no precise location for it. A similar bird was found in 1957, but no others have been seen since then.
Saint Kitts bullfinch, Melopyrrha portoricensis grandis (St. Kitts and (prehistorically) Barbuda, West Indies, 1930)
Todos Santos rufous-crowned sparrow, Aimophila ruficeps sanctorum (Islas Todos Santos, East Pacific, 1970s?)
A subspecies of the rufous-crowned sparrow once common but not recorded during surveys in the 1970s or since then.
Santa Barbara song sparrow, Melospiza melodia graminea (Santa Barbara Island, North America, late 1960s)
A subspecies of the song sparrow last seen in 1967; it became extinct due to a severe wildfire in 1959 and subsequent predation by feral cats. Officially declared extinct by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in 1983.
Dusky seaside sparrow, Ammospiza maritima nigrescens (Florida, North America, late 1980s)
A subspecies of the seaside sparrow last recorded in the wild in 1987.
Guadalupe spotted towhee, Pipilo maculatus consobrinus (Guadalupe Island, East Pacific, c.1900)
12Kittelberger, Kyle D.; Tanner, Colby J.; Buxton, Amy N.; Prewett, Amira; Şekercioğlu, Çağan Hakkı (2024). "Correlates of avian extinction timing around the world since 1500 CE". Avian Research. 15 100213. Bibcode:2024AvRes..1500213K. doi:10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100213.
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