動物プランクトン( / ˈ z oʊ . ə p l æ ŋ k t ən / ; [ 2 ] / ˌ z oʊ . ə ˈ p l æ ŋ k t ən / ) [ 3 ]は、従属栄養性(時には栄養食性)プランクトンです。動物プランクトンという言葉は、古代ギリシャ語: οῷον 、ローマ字表記: zôion、litに由来します。 '動物' ;そしてπλᾰγκτός、planktós、「放浪者」。ドリフター』。[ 4 ]
Grazing by single-celled zooplankton accounts for the majority of organic carbon loss from marine primary production.[75] However, zooplankton grazing remains one of the key unknowns in global predictive models of carbon flux, the marine food web structure and ecosystem characteristics, because empirical grazing measurements are sparse, resulting in poor parameterisation of grazing functions.[76][77] To overcome this critical knowledge gap, it has been suggested that a focused effort be placed on the development of instrumentation that can link changes in phytoplankton biomass or optical properties with grazing.[75]
Grazing is a central, rate-setting process in ocean ecosystems and a driver of marine biogeochemical cycling.[78] In all ocean ecosystems, grazing by heterotrophic protists constitutes the single largest loss factor of marine primary production and alters particle size distributions.[79] Grazing affects all pathways of export production, rendering grazing important both for surface and deep carbon processes.[80] Predicting central paradigms of ocean ecosystem function, including responses to environmental change requires accurate representation of grazing in global biogeochemical, ecosystem and cross-biome-comparison models.[76] Several large-scale analyses have concluded that phytoplankton losses, which are dominated by grazing are the putative explanation for annual cycles in phytoplankton biomass, accumulation rates and export production.[81][82][77][75]
Pelagic food web
Pelagic food web and the biological pump. Links among the ocean's biological pump and pelagic food web and the ability to sample these components remotely from ships, satellites, and autonomous vehicles. Light blue waters are the euphotic zone, while the darker blue waters represent the twilight zone.[83]
Schematic of how common seawater constituents, including particulate and dissolved components, could both be generated and altered through the process of herbivorous zooplankton grazing[75]
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