As a first-person shooter whose gameplay is similar to Doom, the gameplay of Duke Nukem 3D involves moving through levels presented from the protagonist's point of view, shooting enemies on the way. The environments in Duke Nukem 3D are highly destructible and interactive; most props can be destroyed by the player.[3][4]
Levels were designed in a fairly non-linear manner such that players can advantageously use air ducts, back doors, and sewers to avoid enemies or find hidden caches. These locations are also filled with objects the player can interact with. Some confer gameplay benefits to the player; light switches make it easier to see, while water fountains and broken fire hydrants provide some health points. Others are simply there as a diversion. Tipping strippers provokes a quote from Duke, and a provocative reveal from the dancer.
Duke's arsenal consists of the "Mighty Foot" (a basic kick attack), a pistol, a shotgun, a triple-barrelled chain gun, a rocket-propelled grenade launcher, pipe bombs, freezethrower and shrink rays, laser land mines, and the rapid-fire "Devastator" rocket launcher. The Atomic Edition version of the game also has an "Expander", the opposite of the shrink-ray weapon. Lastly, the 20th Anniversary World Tour version of the game also has an "Incinerator", the opposite of the freezethrower (with fiery projectiles instead of ice).
Various items can be picked up during gameplay. The portable medkit allows players to heal Duke at will. Steroids speed up Duke's movement, as well as instantly reversing the effects of the shrink-ray weapon and increasing the strength of Duke's Mighty Foot for a short period. Night vision goggles allow players to see enemies in the dark. The "HoloDuke" device projects a hologram of Duke, which can be used to distract enemies. Protective boots allow Duke to cross dangerously hot or toxic terrain. In sections where progress requires more aquatic legwork, an aqua-lung allows Duke to take longer trips underwater. Duke's jet pack allows the player to move vertically and gain access to otherwise inaccessible areas.
The game features a wide variety of enemies; some of which are aliens and other mutated humans. The LAPD have been turned into "Pig Cops", a play on the derogatory term "pig" for police officers, with LARD emblazoned on their uniforms. As is usual for a first-person shooter, Duke Nukem encounters a large number of lesser foes, as well as bosses, usually at the end of episodes. Like Duke, these enemies have access to a wide range of weapons and equipment, and some weaker enemies have jet packs.
Plot
Setting
Duke Nukem 3D is set on Earth "sometime in the early 21st century".[5] The levels of Duke Nukem 3D take players outdoors and indoors through rendered street scenes, military bases, deserts, a flooded city, space stations, Moon bases, and a Japanese restaurant.
There is little narrative in the game, only a brief text prelude located under "Help" in the Main Menu, and a few cutscenes after the completion of an episode. The game picks up right after the events of Duke Nukem II, with Duke returning to Earth in his space cruiser. As Duke descends on Los Angeles in hopes of taking a vacation, his ship is shot down by unknown hostiles. While sending a distress signal, Duke learns that aliens are attacking Los Angeles and have mutated the LAPD. With his vacation plans now ruined, Duke hits the "eject" button, and vows to do whatever it takes to stop the alien invasion.
In "Episode One: L.A. Meltdown", Duke fights his way through a dystopian Los Angeles. At a strip club, he is captured by pig-cops, but escapes the alien-controlled penitentiary and tracks down the alien cruiser responsible for the invasion in the San Andreas Fault. Duke confronts and kills an Alien Battlelord in the final level. Duke discovers that the aliens were capturing women, and detonates the ship. Levels in this episode include a movie theater, a red-light district, a prison, and a nuclear-waste disposal facility.
In "Episode Two: Lunar Apocalypse", Duke journeys to space, where he finds many of the captured women held in various incubators throughout space stations that had been conquered by the aliens. Duke reaches the alien mother ship on the Moon and kills an alien Overlord. As Duke inspects the ship's computer, it is revealed that the plot to capture women was merely a ruse to distract him. The aliens have already begun their attack on Earth.
In "Episode Three: Shrapnel City", Duke battles the massive alien presence through Los Angeles once again, and kills the leader of the alien menace: the Cycloid Emperor. The game ends as Duke promises that after some "R&R", he will be "...ready for more action!", as an anonymous woman calls him back to bed. Levels in this episode include a sushi bar, a movie set, a subway, and a hotel.
The story continues in the Atomic Edition. In "Episode Four: The Birth", it is revealed that the aliens used a captured woman to give birth to the Alien Queen, a creature which can quickly spawn deadly alien protector drones. Duke is dispatched back to Los Angeles to fight hordes of aliens, including the protector drones. Eventually, Duke finds the lair of the Alien Queen, and kills her, thus thwarting the alien plot. Levels in this episode include a fast-food restaurant ("Duke Burger"), a supermarket, a Disneyland parody called "Babe Land", a police station, the oil tanker Exxon Valdez, and Area 51.
With the release of 20th Anniversary World Tour, the story progresses further. In "Episode Five: Alien World Order", Duke finds out that the aliens initiated a world-scale invasion, so he sets out to repel their attack on various countries. Duke proceeds to clear out aliens from Amsterdam, Moscow, London, San Francisco, Paris, the Giza pyramid complex, and Rome, with the final showdown with the returning alien threat taking place in Los Angeles, taking the game full circle. There, he defeats the Cycloid Incinerator, the current alien leader, stopping their threat for good.
Development
Duke Nukem 3D was developed on a budget of roughly $300,000.[8] The development team consisted of 8 people for most of the development cycle, increasing to 12 or 13 people near the end.[8] At one point, the game was being programmed to allow the player to switch between first-person view, third-person view, and fixed camera angles.[9]Scott Miller of 3DRealms recalled that "with Duke3D, unlike every shooter that came before, we wanted to have sort of real life locations like a cinema theatre, you know, strip club, bookstores..."[8] The game's development started in 1994.[10]
LameDukeは、 Duke Nukem 3Dの初期プロトタイプであり、公式版のリリースから1年後に3D Realmsから「ボーナス」としてリリースされました。サポートなしでそのままリリースされています。 [ 11 ] LameDukeには、 Mr. Caliber、Mission Cockroach、Suck Hole、Hard Landingの4つのエピソードが含まれています。一部の武器はオリジナル版から変更または削除されています。
Kill-A-Ton Collection： Kill-A-Ton Collectionは1998年にリリースされ、 Duke Nukem I（ Duke Nukum）、 Duke Nukem II、 Duke Nukem 3D（v1.3dとv1.5の両方）、 Duke It Out In DC、 Duke!ZONE II、 Duke Xtreme、および各種編集ユーティリティが含まれています。
Duke Nukem 3D: Megaton Edition. Note the higher-resolution HUD and OpenGL graphics.Megaton Edition: Developed by General Arcade and published by Devolver Digital, it was released through Steam on March 20, 2013. The Megaton Edition includes Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition, Duke It Out In D.C., Duke Caribbean: Life's a Beach, and Duke: Nuclear Winter all running on OpenGL, as well as the original MS-DOS version of Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition. It supports SteamPlay for Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux, and is based on the code of the JFDuke3D source port by Jonathon Fowler. Online multiplayer was added to the game in January 2014.[18] However, about a year later, the Megaton Edition was removed from all digital distribution as Devolver Digital's agreement with Gearbox Software has ended now that the latter company currently owns the intellectual property. In 2016, Gearbox informed TechRaptor that they have plans to "bring the game back this year,"[19] and that game became the 20th Anniversary World Tour.
Kill-a-Ton 2015 Collection: Released in May 2015 on Steam, includes everything that Kill-a-Ton Collection contained (with exception of Duke Nukem 3D v1.3D and Duke Xtreme), plus two other expansions, Duke Caribbean: Life's a Beach, and Duke: Nuclear Winter, as well as Duke Nukem: Manhattan Project and the Balls of Steel game. Like with the GOG.com release and Megaton Edition, it was removed from Steam at the end of 2015.
20th Anniversary World Tour: Developed by Nerve Software and Gearbox Software and published by Gearbox Publishing. It was announced by Gearbox Software on September 2, 2016, at PAX East, and it's a re-release for the Xbox One, PlayStation 4, and PC via Steam. World Tour includes an all-new 5th episode by the original episode designers, new music by composer Lee Jackson, re-recorded voice lines by Jon St. John, new enemies and new lighting effects.[20] However, it does not contain the expansions from Kill-A-Ton Collection and Megaton Edition. World Tour was released on October 11, 2016.
ZOOM Platform リリース:アトミックエディションは、2014 年に Duke Nukem 1、2、Manhattan Project と共に ZOOM Platform でリリースされました。[ 21 ] 2020 年現在、Duke It Out In DC、Duke Caribbean: Life's a Beach、Duke: Nuclear Winter、Duke Nukem's Penthouse Paradise、Duke!ZONE、Duke!ZONE II が含まれています。2022年以降は、 Duke - It's Zero Hourも含まれています。2024 年現在、アトミック エディションが入手できるデジタル ストアは ZOOM Platform のみです。[ 22 ]
Duke It Out In DC : これはSunstorm Interactiveが開発し、 WizardWorksが発売した公式アドオンで、1997 年 3 月にリリースされました。ビル・クリントン大統領がエイリアンの勢力に捕らえられ、デュークが彼を救わなければなりません。この拡張パックには、ホワイトハウス、 FBI本部、スミソニアン博物館、ワシントン記念塔、ワシントン DC のその他のエリアなど、現実世界の場所に基づいた 10 の新しいレベルが含まれています。このアドオンは、3D Realms とのビジネス契約により、Duke Nukem: Kill-A-Ton Collectionと呼ばれる公式コンピレーションの一部としても含まれていました。Charlie Wiederhold がこのアドオンのレベルを作成しました。
Duke Caribbean: Life's a Beach : これは Sunstorm Interactive が開発し、WizardWorks が発売した公式アドオンで、1998 年 1 月に発売されました。 [ 25 ]デュークは熱帯の島でくつろいでいると、エイリアンたちが自分たちの「休暇」を楽しんでいることに気づきます。このアドオンには、ビーチやリゾートホテルを舞台にした 12 の新しいレベルを含む、太陽が降り注ぐカリブ海のテーマが含まれています。このアドオンでは、水鉄砲など、デュークの武器のスキンも夏をテーマにしたものに変更されています。チャーリー・ウィーダーホールドはこのアドオンのためにいくつかのレベルを作成しました。ウィーダーホールドは後に 3D Realms に雇われ、続編のDuke Nukem Foreverに取り組みました。
Duke - It's Zero Hour：ZeroHour Softwareが開発し、1997年11月にリリースされたアドオン。当初はWizardWorksを通じて小売製品として販売される予定だったが、開発者は最終的に無料でリリースした。11の新しいレベル、12体の全く新しいモンスター、5つの新しい武器、音楽、効果音が収録されている。
Duke Nukem 3D (Game.com) was released in 1997 in the USA only. Unlike every other version of the game, Duke Nukem cannot turn; he can only move forward, backward, and strafe to the left or right. Due to the Game.com's monochrome screen, it is also the only version to lack color. It only includes four levels from each of the original three episodes for a total of 12 levels. These levels were modified to accommodate Duke Nukem's inability to turn.
Duke Nukem 3D (Sega Saturn) was ported by Lobotomy Software and published by Sega in North America on October 29, 1997,[30] and in Europe on October 30, 1997.[31] It retains the original name and uses Lobotomy Software's own fully 3D SlaveDriver engine.[32] This version uses the Sega NetLink for online gaming, and has built-in support for the Saturn's analog pad. It also includes a hidden multiplayer mini-game called Death Tank Zwei, and an exclusive bonus level called Urea 51, accessed through the level "Fahrenheit". It was the final game branded by Sega of America under the Deep Water label, employed for games featuring adult content such as Eternal Champions: Challenge from the Dark Side.
Duke Nukem: Total Meltdown (titled simply Duke Nukem in Europe), the PlayStation port released on December 2, 1997, was developed by Aardvark Software.[33][34] It contains all three original episodes, plus an exclusive fourth episode, Plug 'n' Pray,[35] which includes six new levels and a secret level. The secret level was also included in the PC version of Duke Nukem 3D. The new episode features several new enemies, including three new types of Pig Cops, and a new final boss, the CyberKeef. This version also features remixed music, some rearranged from the PC version, and some original, in streaming XA-Audio made by Mark Knight.[36] It includes support for analog pads and the PlayStation Link Cable.[37]
Nintendo 64 port. Note its level design changes and that some sprites were replaced with polygonal models.
Duke Nukem 64は、1997 年 11 月 14 日にNintendo 64向けにリリースされた移植版で、分割画面の4 プレイ モードが特徴です。 [ 38 ] [ 39 ]開発はEurocomが行いました。 [ 40 ]ストレージ容量の制限によりゲーム内の音楽は削除され、多くのアイテムは麻薬や性的な表現を避けるために名前が変更され、このバージョンのためにわざわざ新しいセリフが録音され、卑猥な言葉が削除されました。いくつかのレベルは、オリジナルの PC バージョンにはなかった 2 番目のレベルの Duke Burger 店など、 Atomic Editionのエリアを含めるように変更されました。レベルは個別のエピソードとしてではなく、順番にプレイされます。その他の変更点には、 Rumble Pak のサポートの追加、 [ 40 ] 4 つの新しい武器、デュアル サブマシンガン、グレネード ランチャー、ミサイル ランチャー、プラズマ キャノン、ピストル、ショットガン、ミサイル ランチャーの代替弾薬タイプ、サイクロイド エンペラー ボスの完全な 3D モデルが含まれます。アトミックエディションの敵であるプロテクタードローンは、標準レベルにも何度か登場します。当初、武器と最終ボスはポリゴンになる予定でした。 [ 41 ]
Duke Nukem 3D ( Xbox 360 版) は 2008 年 9 月 24 日に発売されました。このバージョンには、死亡時にゲームを以前の任意の時点に「巻き戻す」機能、ゲームプレイのクリップを保存する機能、オンラインでの協力プレイ、および標準の「Dukematch」オンラインマルチプレイヤーモードが搭載されています。音楽は最新のMIDIツールを使用して若干品質が向上しました。 [ 44 ]
Duke Nukem 3D (iPhone/iPod Touch) was released on August 11, 2009, and ported by MachineWorks Northwest. The game employs a new engine, which uses a trademarked touch-screen system called TapShoot to allow players to lock onto and dispatch foes.[45] An update in September 2009 made the game compatible with the first and second-generation iPod Touch. It also added a new control scheme which lets players control Duke by dragging their finger around the screen.[46]
Duke Nukem 3D (Nokia N900) was released on December 29, 2009.[47] As shown in a MaemoWorld's video,[48] Duke is controlled using the Qwerty keypad and touchscreen.
Duke Nukem 3D: Megaton Edition (PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita) was released on January 6, 2015, in North America, and January 7, 2015, in Europe.[49][50] It is a port of the Megaton Edition released on Steam for Windows, Mac, and Linux. It was developed by General Arcade for the PC, ported to consoles by Abstraction Games, and published by Devolver Digital. It features cross-buy and Cross-Play between both platforms.[51] As of February 2016, the game is no longer available for purchase in North America due to publishing rights returning to Gearbox Software. Previously purchased copies can still be downloaded and played.[52]
Duke Nukem 3D: 20th Anniversary World Tour (PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch, PC): Released on October 11, 2016. Includes a new 5th episode, made by the original designers and new music by Lee Jackson, the original composer.[53] The Nintendo Switch version released on June 23, 2020.[54][55]
1997年にDoomのソースコード が公開された後、プレイヤーは3D Realmsからも同様のソースコードが公開されることを望んでいた。Duke Nukem 3Dのソースコードを使用した最後の主要ゲームは、1999年にTNT Teamが開発したWorld War II GIだった。そのプログラマーであるMatthew Saettlerは、3D RealmsからWWII GIで行われたゲームプレイの強化をDuke Nukem 3Dにも拡張する許可を得た。
EDuke はDuke Nukem 3Dの準公式ブランチで、 Atomic Editionユーザー向けにDuke Nukem 3D v2.0のパッチとして2000 年 7 月 28 日にリリースされました。これには、数人のベータ テスターによって作成されたデモ mod が含まれていました。[ 62 ] [ 63 ]主に CON スクリプト言語の強化に重点が置かれ、ゲームを改造する人が、元々可能だったよりもはるかに多くのことをシステムで行えるようにしました。さらにバージョンが計画されていましたが、ベータ版から抜け出すことはありませんでした。プログラマーの時間的制約により、最終的にキャンセルされました。Duke Nukem 3D のソース コードがリリースされてから約 1 か月後、Bloodプロジェクト マネージャーの Matt Saettler は、 EDuke v2.0 と EDuke v2.1の両方のソース コードを公開しました。EDuke v2.1 のテスト バージョンは、最終的に次のEDukeリリースになる予定でした。
The source code to the Duke Nukem 3D v1.5 executable, which uses the Build engine, was released as free software under the GPL-2.0-or-later license on April 1, 2003.[64] The game content remains under a proprietary license. The game was quickly ported by enthusiasts to modern operating systems.
The first Duke Nukem 3D port was from icculus.org. It is a cross-platform project that allows the game to be played on AmigaOS, AmigaOS 4, AROS, BeOS, FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, MorphOS, Solaris, and Windows rather than MS-DOS. The icculus.org codebase would later be used as the base for several other ports, including Duke3d_32.[65]
Another popular early project is Jonathon Fowler's JFDuke3D, which, in December 2003, received backing from the original author of Build, programmer Ken Silverman.[66] Fowler, in cooperation with Silverman, released a new version of JFDuke3D using Polymost, an OpenGL-enhanced renderer for Build which allows hardware acceleration and 3D model support along with 32-bit color high resolution textures. Another project based on JFDuke3D called xDuke, unrelated to the xDuke project based on Duke3d_w32, runs on the Xbox. Silverman has since helped Fowler with a large portion of other engine work, including updating the network code, and helping to maintain various other aspects of the engine. Development was semi-active between 2005 and 2020; since then, new versions are regularly published.
While a few short-lived MS-DOS-based EDuke projects emerged, it was not until the release of EDuke32, an extended version of Duke3D incorporating variants of both Fowler's Microsoft WindowsJFDuke3D code, and Saettler's EDuke code, by one of 3D Realms' forum moderators in late 2004, that EDuke's scripting extensions received community focus.[67] Among the various enhancements, support for advanced shader model 3.0 based graphics was added to EDuke32 during late 2008-early 2009. In June 2008, thanks to significant porting contributions from the DOSBox team, EDuke32 became the only Duke Nukem 3D source port to compile and run natively on 64-bit Linux systems without the use of a 32-bit compatibility environment.
On April 1, 2009, an OpenGL Shader Model 3.0 renderer was revealed to have been developed for EDuke32, named Polymer to distinguish from Ken Silverman's Polymost. It allows for much more modern effects such as dynamic lighting and normal mapping. Although Polymer is fully functional, it is technically incomplete and unoptimized, and is still in development. As of the fifth installment of the High Resolution Pack, released in 2011, the Polymer renderer is mandatory. In 2011, another significant development of EDuke32 was the introduction of true room over room (TROR), where sectors can be placed over other sectors, and can be seen at the same time. In practice, this allows for true three-dimensional level design that was previously impossible, although the base engine is still 2D.
On December 18, 2012, the Chocolate Duke Nukem 3D[68] source port was released. Inspired by Chocolate Doom,[69] the primary goal was to refactor the code so developers could easily read and learn from it, as well as make it portable.
In February 2013, a source code review article was published that described the internal working of the code.[70]
Daniel Jevons of Maximum gave it five out of five stars, calling it "absolutely perfect in every respect." He particularly cited the game's speed and fluidity even on low-end PCs, imaginative weapons, varied and identifiable environments, true 3D level designs, and strong multiplayer mode.[96] A Next Generation critic summarized: "Duke Nukem 3D has everything Doom doesn't, but it also doesn't leave out the stuff that made Doom a classic." He praised the imaginative weapons, long and complex single-player campaign, competitive multiplayer, built-in level editor, and parental lock.[93] Reviewers paid a lot of attention to the sexual content within the game. Reception of this element varied: Tim Soete of GameSpot felt that it was "morally questionable",[4] while the Game Revolution reviewer noted that it was "done in a tongue-in-cheek manner," and he was "not personally offended".[99]GamingOnLinux reviewer Hamish Paul Wilson commented in a later retrospective how the game's "dark dystopian atmosphere filled with pornography and consumerist decadence" in his view helped to ground "the game's more outlandish and obscene moments in context", concluding that "in a world as perverse as this, someone like Duke becoming its hero seems almost inevitable."[100]
Next Generation reviewed the Macintosh version of the game and stated that "Though it took a year, the Mac port of Duke Nukem 3D is an impressive feat, both for the game's own features, and the quality of the port."[94]
The PlayStation console port met with more mixed reviews. GamePro and Tim Soete of GameSpot both found this conversion technically inferior, particularly the frame rate.[89][103] Both also complained that the control configuration only provides three presets, with no option for custom configuration.[89][103] Soete also found the game had become dated by the time this version was released, though he still recommended it for those who do not own a PC.[89]IGN's Jay Boor gave it a more enthusiastic recommendation, saying it "plays exactly like its PC predecessor" and praising the PlayStation-exclusive levels and link cable support.[91]
Duke Nukem 3D was a finalist for CNET Gamecenter's 1996 "Best Action Game" award, which ultimately went to Quake.[104] In 1996, Next Generation ranked it as the 35th top game of all time, called "for many, the game Quake should have been."[105] In 1996 Computer Gaming World named Duke Nukem 3D #37 overall among the best games of all time[106] and #13 among the "best ways to die in computer gaming".[107] It won a 1996 Spotlight Award for Best Action Game.[108] In 1998, PC Gamer declared it the 29th-best computer game ever released, and the editors called it "a gaming icon" and "an absolute blast".[109]
PC Gamer誌の読者投票では、歴代トップゲームランキングで13位にランクインした。 [ 110 ] PC Game誌の編集者は、2001年にゲームのユーモアとポップカルチャーへの言及を理由に、本作を歴代トップゲーム12位にランク付けし、 [ 111 ] 2005年には歴代ベストゲーム15位にランク付けした。 [ 112 ] GamePro誌は、本作を史上最も重要なビデオゲームの1つに挙げた。 [ 113 ] 2009年、IGNのカム・シェイは、本作をXbox Live Arcadeのトップ10ゲーム9位にランク付けし、発売当初と同じくらい楽しいと述べ、プレイヤーが死亡する前の任意の時点まで巻き戻せる機能を称賛した。 [ 114 ]
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