By section 56 of the Government of India Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. lxxxv), it was enacted "that the Executive Government of each of the several Presidencies of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St. George, Bombay, and Agra shall be administered by a Governor and three Councilors, to be styled the Governor-in-Council of the said Presidencies of Fort William in Bengal, Fort St. George, Bombay, and Agra respectively, and that the Governor General of India for the time being shall be Governor of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal." From this time the governors-general of India held also the separate office of Governor of Bengal, until the year 1854.[49] Under the Charter Act 1853 (16 & 17 Vict. c. 95) the Governor General of India was relieved of his concurrent duties as Governor of Bengal and empowered to appoint a lieutenant-governor from 1854.
1912–1935 – Governors of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal
Lieutenant-Governors of the Bengal Division of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal (1854–1912)
Under the Government of India Act 1853 (16 & 17 Vict. c. 95) the Governor-General of India was relieved of his concurrent duties as Governor of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal and a separate Governor was decided to be appointed. Until then a Lieutenant Governor was to be appointed. F. J. Halliday became the first Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal. William Duke served as the last lieutenant governor after which the office was superseded by the restored office of the Governor of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal in 1912.
Lieutenant-Governors of the North-Western Provinces of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal (1835–1878)
↑This refers to the 90-member rump legislature that emerged following partition, representing the West Bengali constituencies of the erstwhile Bengal Legislative Assembly. It was constituted under the Government of India Act 1935, not the Indian Constitution, which was still in the process of being drafted.[54]
↑A number in parentheses indicates that the incumbent has previously held office.
↑While the tenures have been primarily sourced to a list on the West Bengal Legislative Assembly website,[53] obvious errors (mainly around the 1969–71 period) have been corrected with the help of a historical essay from the same website.[54]
↑Until March 1952, Roy did not represent any constituency. For his last three months in office, during the Third Assembly, Roy represented Chowringhee constituency.
↑Following the promulgation of the Constitution of India, the provincial assembly carried on as the legislative assembly of West Bengal until fresh elections could be organised in 1952.[54]
↑According to some sources, Sen also acted as interim chief minister during 2–8 July 1962.[56]
12345Under Article 356 of the Constitution of India, President's rule may be imposed when the "government in a state is not able to function as per the Constitution", which often happens because no party or coalition has a majority in the assembly. When President's rule is in force in a state, its council of ministers stands dissolved. The office of chief minister thus lies vacant, and the administration is taken over by the governor, who functions on behalf of the central government. At times, the legislative assembly also stands dissolved.[57]
↑For the first 16 months Mamata Banerjee headed a coalition government that included ministers from Trinamool and the INC. After Trinamool quit the United Progressive Alliance on 22 September 2012, INC members resigned from her ministry, which has consisted of only Trinamool members ever since.[58]
↑Immediately after Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s assassination, Major Dalim announced over Radio Bangladesh that Martial Law had been declared and that Khandaker Mostaq Ahmad was President. This was the first declaration of Martial Law in Bangladesh. However, it was more of a coup proclamation than a formally structured martial law order. Courts, Parliament, and the Constitution were not abolished.
↑Also Chief Martial Law Administrator (29 November 1976 – 6 April 1979).
↑Served as Chief Martial Law Administrator until 30 March 1984.
↑By the proclamation of Martial Law by Hussain Muhammad Ershad in 24 March 1982, President of the head of state and CMLA was the head of government declaring "the President would not exercise any power… without the advice or approval of the CMLA" & "The Chief Martial Law Administrator shall be the Chief Executive and head of the Government"
↑Although never formally holding the office of Chief Adviser or Prime Minister, General Moeen U Ahmed exercised practical control over Bangladesh’s caretaker government during 2007–2008. He was instrumental in persuading President Iajuddin Ahmed to declare a state of emergency on 11 January 2007 and influenced key appointments, including the installation of Fakhruddin Ahmed as Chief Adviser. Under his military-backed oversight, the government extended beyond its constitutionally mandated three-month tenure, pursued political reforms, and oversaw the 29 December 2008 general election, effectively making him the de facto head of government during this period.
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↑Majumdar, R. C. (1973). History of Mediaeval Bengal. Calcutta: G. Bharadwaj & Co. pp.1–2. OCLC1031074. Tradition gives him credit for the conquest of Bengal but as a matter of fact he could not subjugate the greater part of Bengal ... All that Bakhtyār can justly take credit for is that by his conquest of Western and a part of Northern Bengal he laid the foundation of the Muslim State in Bengal. The historians of the 13th century never attributed the conquest of the whole of Bengal to Bakhtyār.
↑Arnold, Thomas Walker (1913) [First published 1896]. The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith (2nded.). London: Constable & Company. p.227.
↑Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp.68–102. ISBN978-9-38060-734-4.
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