津波は、13,000 km (8,100マイル)離れた南極のサルツバーガー棚氷から氷山を崩した。主要な氷山は9.5 km × 6.5 km (5.9マイル × 4.0マイル) (マンハッタン島とほぼ同じ面積) で、厚さは約80 m (260フィート)であった。合計125 km 2 (48平方マイル、31,000 エーカー)の氷が崩落した。[ 211 ] [ 212 ]
Japan declared a state of emergency following the failure of the cooling system at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, resulting in the evacuation of nearby residents.[320][321][322] Officials from the Japanese Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency reported that radiation levels inside the plant were up to 1,000 times normal levels,[323] and that radiation levels outside the plant were up to eight times normal levels.[324] Later, a state of emergency was also declared at the Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant about 11km (6.8mi) south.[325] Experts described the Fukushima disaster was not as bad as the Chernobyl disaster, but worse than the Three Mile Island accident.[326]
The discharge of radioactive water of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant was later detected in tap water. Radioactive iodine was detected in the tap water in Fukushima, Tochigi, Gunma, Tokyo, Chiba, Saitama, and Niigata, and radioactive caesium in the tap water in Fukushima, Tochigi and Gunma.[327][328][329] Radioactive caesium, iodine, and strontium[330] were also detected in the soil in some places in Fukushima. There may be a need to replace the contaminated soil.[331] Many radioactive hotspots were found outside the evacuation zone, including Tokyo.[332]Radioactive contamination of food products were detected in several places in Japan.[333] In 2021, the Japanese cabinet finally approved the dumping of radioactive water in Fukushima into the Pacific Ocean over a course of 30 years, with full support of IAEA.[334] To this day, the water is still actively being de-contaminated and is scheduled to be completed by the year 2051.[335]
↑Ferris, Elizabeth; Solís, Mireya (11 March 2013). "Earthquake, Tsunami, Meltdown – The Triple Disaster's Impact on Japan, Impact on the World". Brookings. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
↑Carvalho, Vasco M; Nirei, Makoto; Saito, Yukiko U; Tahbaz-Salehi, Alireza (10 December 2020). "Supply Chain Disruptions: Evidence from the Great East Japan Earthquake*". The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 136 (2): 1255–1321. doi:10.1093/qje/qjaa044. ISSN0033-5533.
123Ian Sample (11 March 2011). "Japan earthquake and tsunami: what happened and why". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
↑Boadle, Anthony (11 March 2011). "UPDATE 3-USGS upgrades Japan quake to 8.9 magnitude". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
↑Reilly, Michael (11 March 2011). "Japan's quake updated to magnitude 9.0". New Scientist (Short Sharp Scienceed.). Archived from the original on 1 April 2011.
↑"USGS Updates Magnitude of Japan's 2011 Tōhoku Earthquake to 9.0". United States Geological Survey (USGS). 14 March 2011. Archived from the original on 18 March 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
12Lovett, Richard A. (14 March 2011). "Japan Earthquake Not the 'Big One'?". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
↑"地震情報 – 2011年3月10日 15時6分 – 日本気象協会 tenki.jp". Archived from the original on 18 April 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011."地震情報 – 2011年3月11日 15時15分 – 日本気象協会 tenki.jp". Archived from the original on 18 April 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑"Earthquake Information". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on 24 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
12Marcia McNutt (12 March 2011). Energy from quake: if harnessed, could power L.A. for a year. CBS News via YouTube (Google). Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑"Earthquake strikes near Japan's Fukushima nuclear plant; no reports of damage". The Star. Toronto. Associated Press. 25 October 2013. Archived from the original on 25 October 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2013. A 7.3-magnitude earthquake struck early Saturday morning off Japan's east coast [...] Japan's meteorological agency said the quake was an aftershock of the magnitude-9.0 earthquake and tsunami that struck the same area in 2011.
12345"Quake shifted Japan by over two metres". Deutsche Welle. 14 March 2011. Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
1234567Chang, Kenneth (13 March 2011). "Quake Moves Japan Closer to U.S. and Alters Earth's Spin". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
1234Chai, Carmen (11 March 2011). "Japan's quake shifts earth's axis by 25 centimetres". Montreal Gazette. Montreal: Postmedia News. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑"大地震で一日が短縮、軸の振動も変化". National Geographic (in Japanese). 17 March 2011. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
12"GOCE: The First Seismometer in Orbit". 8 March 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
↑"震災で沈下の地盤が隆起、高すぎる岸壁に漁師困惑". TBS Newsi. 11 October 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑地盤が隆起 漁業者困惑 最大40センチ、積み荷に影響 三陸沿岸で地殻変動か Nikkei 9 March 2015
↑東北沿岸、地震で沈んだ地盤が謎の隆起 マントル影響か Nikkei 27 February 2017
↑Sawai, Yuki; Namegaya, Yuichi (9 November 2012). "Challenges of anticipating the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami using coastal geology". Geophysical Research Letters. 39 (21): L21309. Bibcode:2012GeoRL..3921309S. doi:10.1029/2012GL053692.
↑Goto, Kazuhisa; Chagué-Goff, Catherine (29 August 2012). "The future of tsunami research following the 2011 Tōhoku-oki event"(PDF). Sedimentary Geology. 282: 1–13. Bibcode:2012SedG..282....1G. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.08.003. Archived from the original(PDF) on 28 May 2015.
↑Minoura, K.; Imamura F.; Sugawara D.; Kono Y.; Iwashita T. (2001). "The 869 Jōgan tsunami deposit and recurrence interval of large-scale tsunami on the Pacific coast of northeast Japan"(PDF). Journal of Natural Disaster Science. 23 (2): 83–88.
↑Satake, K.; Sawai, Y.; Shishikura, M.; Okamura, Y.; Namegaya, Y.; Yamaki, S. (2007). "Tsunami source of the unusual AD 869 earthquake off Miyagi, Japan, inferred from tsunami deposits and numerical simulation of inundation". American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, Abstract #T31G-03. 31: T31G–03. Bibcode:2007AGUFM.T31G..03S.
12Maugh, Thomas H (11 March 2011). "Size of Japan's quake surprises seismologists". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑"地震調査委 想定外の連動地震 NHKニュース". .nhk.or.jp. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
↑"時事ドットコム: M8. 8、死者300人超=行方不明540人以上−大津波10m・宮城で震度7". Jiji.com. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
↑"気象庁"マグニチュードは9. 0" NHKニュース". .nhk.or.jp. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑"asahi.com(朝日新聞社): 地殻破壊3連鎖、計6分 専門家、余震拡大に警鐘 – 東日本大震災". The Asahi Shimbun. Japan. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑"Spatial distribution and focal mechanisms of aftershocks of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tōhoku Earthquake" by Y. Asano, T. Saito, Y. Ito, K. Shiomi, H. Hirose, T. Matsumoto, S. Aoi, S. Hori, and S. Sekiguchi.
↑Okada, Norio; Ye, Tao; Kajitani, Yoshio; Shi, Peijun; Tatano, Hirokazu (8 August 2012). "The 2011 eastern Japan great earthquake disaster: Overview and comments". International Journal of Disaster Risk Science. 2 (1). Springer: 34–42. doi:10.1007/s13753-011-0004-9. S2CID129611625.
↑"USGS.gov: USGS WPhase Moment Solution". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑"Earthquake Information". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on 24 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑Okada Yoshimitsu (25 March 2011). "Preliminary report of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tōhoku Earthquake"(PDF). National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED). Archived from the original(PDF) on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
↑"Asian Disaster Reduction Center(ADRC)". Adrc.asia. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
↑"Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) Information Sharing on Disaster Reduction". Adrc.asia. Archived from the original on 24 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
12"震度データベース検索". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
↑Rincon, Paul (14 March 2011). "How the quake has moved Japan". BBC News. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
↑Reilly, Michael (12 March 2011). "Japan quake fault may have moved 40 metres". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 13 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
↑"Japan seabed shifted 24metres after March quake". Reuters. 7 April 2011.
↑Jiji Press, "March temblor shifted seabed by 50 meters (160ft)", Japan Times, 3 December 2011, p. 1.
12"Earth's day length shortened by Japan earthquake". CBS News. 13 March 2011. Archived from the original on 13 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑Harris, Bethan (14 March 2011). "Can an earthquake shift the Earth's axis?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
↑"Will Tokyo become a modern-day Pompeii?". Japan Today. 7 June 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
12"An earthquake in Japan caused large waves in Norwegian fjords". Phys.org. 13 August 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
↑Fukue, Natsuko (30 March 2012). "Liquefaction driving away Chiba residents". The Japan Times. p.3.
↑Fukue, Natsuko (8 April 2011). "Urayasu still dealing with liquefaction". The Japan Times. p.4. Archived from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
↑Yomiuri Shimbun, "Liquefaction Damage Widespread", 10 April 2011.
↑Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (13 March 2011). "Volcano in southern Japan erupts". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 March 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑Ananthaswamy, Anil (15 March 2011). "Japan quake shifts Antarctic glacier". Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
↑Gross, Richard (19 March 2011). "Japan Earthquake May Have Shifted Earth's Axis". NPR.
↑"Magnitude 7.1 – Near the East Coast of Honshu, Japan". Archived from the original on 9 April 2011.
↑"Fresh quake triggers tsunami warning in Japan". CNN. 8 April 2011. Archived from the original on 25 July 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
↑"Four dead as new tremor hits Japan disaster zone". Bangkok Post. 8 April 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
↑Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update Log, IAEA, 7 April 2011 Archived 9 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑NHK, "Strong aftershock kills four", 12 April 2011.
↑"Magnitude 6.6 – Eastern Honshu, Japan". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
↑"At least 6 killed in new Japan earthquake". CNN World News. 11 April 2011. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
↑3県で津波観測、注意報を解除 福島沖でM7. 1: 朝日新聞デジタル. 朝日新聞デジタル (in Japanese). Asahi Broadcasting Corporation. 26 October 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
↑"USGS 10-degree Map Centered at 35°N,140°E of earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or over". United States Geological Survey. 2 December 2009. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
↑"Tōhoku, Japan 2011 Tsunami". National Geophysical Data Center. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
↑気象庁|M5.0以上の余震回数[Japan Meteorological Agency|Number of aftershocks of M5.0 or higher] (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
↑Sugimoto T.; Shinozaki T.; Miyamoto Y. (2013). "Aftershocks Associated with Impaired Health Caused by the Great East Japan Disaster Among Youth Across Japan: A National Cross-Sectional Survey". Interactive Journal of Medical Research. 2 (2): e31. doi:10.2196/ijmr.2585. PMC3875891. PMID24362519.
↑"M 7.1 – 70km ENE of Namie, Japan". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
↑"1st death confirmed in Feb. 13 northeastern Japan earthquake". Fukushima. Kyodo News. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
↑平成23年(2011年)東北地方太平洋沖地震に伴う地盤沈下調査[Land subsidence caused by 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami] (in Japanese). Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. 14 April 2011. Archived from the original on 20 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
↑Alabaster, Jay (9 May 2011). "Quake Shifted Japan; Towns Now Flood at High Tide", Associated Press, ABC News. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
↑Foster, Peter. "Alert sounded a minute before the tremor struck". The Daily Telegraph. UK. Retrieved 11 March 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑Talbot, David. "80 Seconds of Warning for Tokyo". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 11 March 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑Hoshiba, Mitsuyuki; Ozaki, Tomoaki (2012). "Earthquake Early Warning and Tsunami Warning of JMA for the 2011 off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake". Zisin (Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan). 2nd Series. 64 (3): 155–168. doi:10.4294/zisin.64.155.
↑Japan Earthquake Early Warning 3/11/2011 (w/ English subtitles). stardust9. 20 May 2020. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022– via YouTube.
↑報道発表資料平成23年3月29日(PDF) (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency. 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
↑"緊急地震速報の改善について" (Press release). Japan Meteorological Agency. 10 August 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
↑"Tsunami bulletin number 3". Pacific Tsunami Warning Center/NOAA/NWS. 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑"Tsunami warnings issued for at least 20 countries after quake". CNN. 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑"PTWC warnings complete list". Retrieved 11 March 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑"Distance between Dichato, Chile and Sendai, Japan is 17228km". Mapcrow.info. 23 October 2007. Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
↑Attwood, James (12 March 2011). "Chile Lifts Tsunami Alerts After Japan Quake Spawns Waves". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
↑"Chilean site: (Tsunami) waves penetrated 70–100m in different parts of the country". Publimetro.cl. Archived from the original on 17 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
↑"Tsunami Warning / Advisory and Tsunami Information". Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
↑"Tsunami Information (Estimated Tsunami arrival time and Height)". 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2011.
↑津波による浸水範囲の面積(概略値)について(第5報)(PDF) (in Japanese). Geospatial Information Authority in Japan(国土地理院). 18 April 2011. Archived(PDF) from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
12"News: Tsunami rolls through Pacific, Sendai Airport under water, Tokyo Narita closed, Pacific region airports endangered". Avherald.com. 6 July 2001. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑"10-meter tsunami observed in area near Sendai in Miyagi Pref". The Japan Times Online. Kyodo News. 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
↑"World English". NHK. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 30 March 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
↑"9,500 unaccounted for in Miyagi's Minamisanriku: local gov't". Kyodo News. Archived from the original on 13 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑Kyodo News, "2,000 more added to death toll in Miyagi", The Japan Times, 15 March 2011, p. 1. Archived 16 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑"Giant wall protected Japanese village from tsunami". CTVNews. 13 May 2011. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
↑Watts, Jonathan, "Quake survivors search for hope and shelter", The Japan Times, 26 March 2011, p. 13.
↑"津波、最大想定に対処...防災会議・中間報告骨子". Yomiuri Shimbun. 20 June 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑"東北地方太平洋沖地震を教訓とした地震・津波対策に関する専門調査会中間とりまとめ"(PDF). 中央防災会議 「東北地方太平洋沖地震を教訓とした地震・津波対策に関する専門調査会」. 26 June 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
↑Tritten, Travis, J., and T. D. Flack, "U.S. rescue teams find devastation in northern city of Ofunato", Stars and Stripes (newspaper), 15 March 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2011. Archived 17 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑"Whole towns gone-no cars or people seen". Yomiuri Shimbun. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑"Honderden doden in Japanse kuststad (Hundreds dead in Japanese coastal town)" (in Dutch). www.rtlnieuws.nl. Retrieved 12 March 2011. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑"Japan army says 300–400 bodies found in Rikuzentakata: Report". New Straits Times. 3 February 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑Martin, Alex, "JET post best, not 'pityfest'", The Japan Times, 7 April 2011, p. 3. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Kyodo News, "Miyagi coastal whaling port pulverized, little more than memory", The Japan Times, 18 March 2011, p. 3. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Kyodo News, "Deaths, people missing set to top 1,600: Edano", The Japan Times, 13 March 2011.
↑Kyodo News, "Survivors in trauma after life-changing nightmare day", The Japan Times, 13 March 2011, p. 2.
↑Kyodo News, "Death toll may surpass 10,000 in Miyagi", The Japan Times, 14 March 2011, p. 1. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Alabaster, Jay, and Todd Pitman, (Associated Press), "Hardships, suffering in earthquake zone", The Japan Times, 15 March 2011, p. 3. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Gihooly, Rob, "'Nothing can prepare you to witness this', The Japan Times, 20 March 2011, p. 7. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Stuart Biggs and Aaron Sheldrick (11 March 2011). Tsunami Slams Japan After Record Earthquake, Killing Hundreds, Bloomberg L.P.. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
↑"Japan disaster: 30 powerful images of the earthquake and tsunami". The Daily Telegraph. London. 16 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011.
↑Kyodo News, "Survivors on cut-off isle were ready for disaster", The Japan Times, 19 March 2011, p. 2. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Fukue, Natsuko, "Tsunami came late to unprepared Chiba", The Japan Times, 30 March 2011, p. 2. Archived 2 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑"Tsunami Information Number 64 (Tsunami Observation)". Japan Meteorological Agency. 13 March 2011. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
↑Tsunami Information Number 64 (Tsunami Observation), Japan Meteorological Agency, issued 18:05 JST 13 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011. (Tohoku district.) Archived 1 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Tsunami Information Number 64 (Tsunami Observation), Japan Meteorological Agency, issued 18:05 JST 13 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011. (Kanto/Chubu district.) Archived 24 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑"Tsunami Information Number 64(Tsunami Observations)"Archived 24 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
↑行政情報システム室 (25 March 2011). "Executive Summary of Urgent Field Survey of Earthquake and Tsunami Disasters by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tōhoku Earthquake"(PDF). Yokosuka, Japan: Port and Airport Research Institute (PARI). Archived from the original(PDF) on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
↑"Researchers: 30-meter tsunami in Ofunato". NHK. Archived from the original on 5 April 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
↑"38-meter-high tsunami triggered by 11 March quake: survey". Kuwait News Agency (KUNA). Kyodo News. 4 April 2011. Archived from the original on 13 June 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
↑宮古市田老小堀内漁港での津波遡上高[Tsunami run up height at Miyako city, Taro Koborinai fishing port] (in Japanese). Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo. 3 April 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
↑Yoshida, Reiji, "869 Tohoku tsunami parallels stun", The Japan Times, 11 March 2012, p. 1.
↑Mori, N.; Takahashi, T.; 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami Joint Survey Group (2012). "Nationwide Post Event Survey and Analysis of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami". Coastal Engineering Journal. 54 (1): 1250001–1–1250001–27. Bibcode:2012CEngJ..5450001M. doi:10.1142/S0578563412500015. ISSN2166-4250. S2CID129178685.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑Udo, K.; Takeda, Y.; Tanaka, H. (2016). "Coastal Morphology Change Before and After 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami at Rikuzen-Takata Coast". Coastal Engineering Journal. 58 (4): 1640016–1–1640016-16. Bibcode:2016CEngJ..5840016U. doi:10.1142/S0578563416400167. ISSN2166-4250.
12"東北地方太平洋沖地震による津波被害を踏まえた津波警報の改善の方向性について(最終とりまとめ)"(PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. 12 September 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
12"津波警報の改善について". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
↑"Evacuate all coastal areas immediately, Hawaii Civil Defense says". 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑"Text of PTWC Pacific-wide tsunami warning". 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑"Tsunami from Japanese quake prompts evacuation of 11,000 residents on Russia's Pacific islands". 1310News.com. Associated Press. 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
↑"Tsunami Warning and Advisory No.7 issued 03/11/2011 at 3:39am PST". Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
12"B.C. tsunami threat passes". Canada: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑Helen Jung and Jeff Manning, "Waves bring destruction to Oregon's south coast", The Oregonian, 12 March 2011, p. 1+
↑"$1.2M FEMA Tsunami Grant To Ore.'s Curry County – Oregon – Northwest News Story – KTVZ Bend". Ktvz.com. 9 July 2011. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
↑Twilight tsunami evacuation. Courier Mail (14 March 2011). Retrieved 3 April 2011. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Girl, Bowen. (16 March 2011) Diary of a Bowen girl: Japan. Bowendiaries.blogspot.com. Retrieved 3 April 2011. Archived 31 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑"Tsunami destroys houses in Jayapura". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
↑"PNG's Wewak hospital damaged by tsunami waves". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 16 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
↑Nakaso, Dan (14 March 2011)Tsunami damage estimate for Hawaii now tens of millionsStar Advertiser. Retrieved 15 March 2011. Archived 15 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑"Tsunami washes away feathered victims west of Hawaii". CNN. 19 March 2011. Archived from the original on 25 July 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
↑"South Pacific islands hit by tsunami swells". 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑Tsunami Warning For Guam Extended Until 11 p.m. Pacificnewscenter.com (11 March 2011). Retrieved 3 April 2011. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
12Minor damage in Latin America by Japan's tsunamiArchived 16 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Channel NewsAsia, 13 March 2011
↑(Spanish) Más de 200 casas dañadas dejó seguidilla de olas. ANSA Latina. 13 March 2011.
↑(Spanish) Caldera: 80 viviendas resultaron destruidas en Puerto Viejo por efecto de las olas. Radio Bio-Bio. 3 December 2011. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑(Spanish) Más de 200 casas dañadas dejó seguidilla de olas que azotaron las costas chilenas La Tercera. 3 December 2011. Archived 17 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
12Keall, Chris (13 March 2011). "Gareth Morgan's Galapagos hotel destroyed by tsunami". National Business Review. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
↑"Ecuador Sends Aid To Galapagos After Islands Hit By Tsunami From Japan". Latin American News Dispatch. 15 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
↑Tsunami Aftermath in Galapagos: Update from CDRS' Director Dr. J. Gabriel Lopez. Galapagos.org. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
↑"Japan tsunami caused icebergs to break off in Antarctica". European Space Agency. 9 August 2011.
↑Brunt, Kelly M.; Emile A. Okal; Douglas R. MacAyeal (1 October 2011). "Antarctic ice-shelf calving triggered by the Honshu (Japan) earthquake and tsunami, March 2011". Journal of Glaciology. 57 (205): 785–788. Bibcode:2011JGlac..57..785B. doi:10.3189/002214311798043681. (fee required for full article)
↑Japan tsunami victim's soccer ball found in Alaska 24 April 2012. Associated Press
↑"Tsunami motorcycle owner located in Japan". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 1 May 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
↑Oskin, Becky (18 August 2013). "Norway's weird waves traced to Japan quake". NBC News. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
123National Police Agency. "特-4 東日本大震災による死者の死因等について(平成24年3月11日現在)[Table 4: Causes of deaths in East Japan Earthquake (as of 11 March 2012)]". 平成24年警察白書[White Paper of the Police, 2012]. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013.
↑平成23年(2011年)東北地方太平洋沖地震(東日本大震災)について(第162報)(令和4年3月8日)[Press release no. 162 of the 2011 Tohuku earthquake](PDF). 総務省消防庁災害対策本部[Fire and Disaster Management Agency] (in Japanese). Archived from the original(PDF) on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022. Pages 25-31 of the PDF file.
↑平成23年(2011年)東北地方太平洋沖地震(東日本大震災)について(第162報)(令和4年3月8日)[Press release no. 162 of the 2011 Tohuku earthquake](PDF). 総務省消防庁災害対策本部[Fire and Disaster Management Agency] (in Japanese). Archived from the original(PDF) on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022. Page 31 of the PDF file.
↑"平成23年(2011年)東北地方太平洋沖地震(東日本大震災)について(第162報)(令和4年3月8日)"[Press release no. 162 of the 2011 Tohuku earthquake](PDF). 総務省消防庁災害対策本部[Fire and Disaster Management Agency]. Archived from the original(PDF) on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022. Page 31 of the PDF file.
↑"平成23年(2011年)東北地方太平洋沖地震(東日本大震災)について(第162報)(令和4年3月8日)"[Press release no. 162 of the 2011 Tohuku earthquake](PDF). 総務省消防庁災害対策本部[Fire and Disaster Management Agency]. Archived from the original(PDF) on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 23 September 2022. Page 31 of the PDF file.
↑"原発事故・7年後の「英雄たち」 1万2000人の作業員が健康調査に応じない理由"[7 years after the nuclear accident. Reason why 12,000 "Hero" workers do not respond to health surveys]. NHK. 12 March 2018. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018.
↑3. 11「震災関連死」という問い 福島県の分析を通してArchived 29 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine 野口典子
↑福島の震災関連死2000人超す 原発避難の長期化影響 28 December 2015 Nikkei
↑Smith, Alexander (10 September 2013). "Fukushima evacuation has killed more than earthquake and tsunami, survey says". Archived from the original on 27 October 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
↑"Stress-induced deaths in Fukushima top those from 2011 natural disasters". Archived from the original on 27 September 2013.
↑McCurry, Justin (15 March 2011). "Japan earthquake: 100,000 children displaced, says charity". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
↑Kyodo News, "378 students killed, 158 missing in disaster", The Japan Times, 29 April 2011, p. 2. The victims included 234 elementary, 111 junior high and 191 high school students. Direct quote: "Out of the 378 students confirmed dead, 273 were in Miyagi, 59 in Fukushima and 46 in Iwate. The list of missing students is made up of 74 in Miyagi, 52 in Iwate and 32 in Fukushima." As of 25 December 2011, 342 elementary and junior high school students were declared dead or missing (Kyodo News, "3/11 tsunami killed 35% of students 'saved' by parents", Japan Times, 25 December 2011, p. 2.)
↑"Japan confirms death of 19 foreigners in March 11 quake, tsunami". Kyodo News. 5 April 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑"Body of second American found in Japan". CNN. 7 April 2011. Archived from the original on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
↑"Quebec priest killed in Japanese tsunami". Montreal Gazette. Montreal. 13 March 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑Shinde, Jayesh (11 March 2011). "Google Person Finder for Japan Earthquake/Tsunami launched". PC World. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑"Person finder" (Japaned.). Appspot. Archived from the original on 11 March 2011.
↑Wines, Michael (23 March 2011). "As Tsunami Robbed Life, It Also Robs Rite of Death". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 March 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
↑Nishikawa, Yoko (23 March 2011). "Quake-ravaged Japan digs mass graves". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
↑Allen, Nick (24 March 2011). "Japan earthquake: country begins burying dead in mass graves". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
↑Wines, Michael (24 March 2011). "As Tsunami Robbed Life, It Also Robs Rite of Death". The New York Times. pp.A12. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
↑"Burials in Quake-Hit Towns Deepen Japan's Tragedy". The New York Times. Associated Press. 27 March 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
↑Jiji Press, "Disaster reconstruction work has claimed 18 lives so far", The Japan Times, 6 June 2012, p. 1
↑"California tsunami death: NorCal man drowns trying to photograph tsunami – KSWB". Fox5sandiego.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011."Man swept out to sea by tsunami was Bend native". The Oregonian. 13 March 2011. Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011."Klamath tsunami victim identified; search comes up empty". The Times-Standard. Eureka, CA. 13 March 2011. Archived from the original on 18 April 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
↑"film shown by BBC showing only rubble where there were buildings". BBC News. 13 March 2011. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
↑"Before-and-after satellite photographs of devastated regions". Archived from the original on 13 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
↑"animated images showing undamaged places become damaged". BBC. 14 March 2011. Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
↑Onishi, Norimitsu (13 March 2011). "Seawalls Offered Little Protection Against Tsunami's Crushing Waves". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
↑NHK, "190,000 buildings damaged by 11 March quake", 3 April 2011.
↑Kamiya, Setsuko, "Debris removal, recycling daunting, piecemeal labor", The Japan Times, 30 June 2011, p. 3.
↑"Police Countermeasures and Damage Situation associated with 2011 Tohoku district – off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake March 10, 2021"(PDF). National Police Agency of Japan. Archived(PDF) from the original on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
↑Saira Syed – "Japan quake: Infrastructure damage will delay recovery" – 16 March 2011 – News$4 – Retrieved 18 March 2011.
↑"Japanese PM: 'Toughest' crisis since World War II". CNN. 13 March 2011. Archived from the original on 31 March 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
12NPR Staff and Wires (14 March 2011). "Millions of Stricken Japanese Lack Water, Food, Heat". NPR. Archived from the original on 17 March 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2011. Nearly 1.5million households had gone without water since the quake struck.
↑Kyodo News, "Applications to deregister cars lost in tsunami soar, The Japan Times, 16 June 2011, p. 1.
↑"Snow piles more misery on Japan's devastated northeast". Reuters. 16 March 2011. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
↑"無情の雪 増す疲労 沿岸真冬並み寒さ 「とにかく燃料必要」"[Merciless snow, increasing weariness, coastal towns are freezing like winter]. Iwate Nippo. 17 March 2011. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
12"過去の気象データ検索 > 仙台 2011年3月(日ごとの値) 主な要素"[Past meteorological data search: Sendai, March 2011, Daily values]. Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 12 April 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon. "Earthquake and Tsunami near Sendai, Japan". NASA Earth Observatory. Archived from the original on 17 January 2019.
↑Kim, Kyung-Hoon; Sagolj, Damir (16 March 2011). "Pictures: Snowfall in Japan". Reuters.
↑Sim, David (29 December 2016). "60 powerful photos of the earthquake and tsunami that hit Japan five years ago". International Business Times.
↑"Drowning in Plastics – Marine Litter and Plastic Waste Vital Graphics". UNEP – UN Environment Programme. 21 October 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2022.
↑"Status of Japanese ports 5 days after devastating quake and tsunami". Reuters. 15 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
12Nihon Keizai Shimbun, "90 percent of major transport networks back in operation", 29 March 2011.
↑Fukada, Takahiro, "Iwate fisheries continue struggle to recover", The Japan Times, 21 September 2011, p. 3.
↑"Tokyo Disneyland hit by liquefaction after quake". MediaCorp Channel NewsAsia. 11 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
123"Japan issues top tsunami warning after major quake". MediaCorp Channel NewsAsia. 11 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑"Japan's Afternoon of Horror". The Gulf Today. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 13 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑"Dam Breaks in Northeast Japan, Washes Away Homes". Arab Times Online. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
↑Azuma, Kita (12 March 2011). "Pacific Ocean coast Earthquake" (in Japanese). MSN. Archived from the original on 13 April 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
↑ダム決壊 5棟流出 福島・須賀川 (in Japanese). Fukushima News. 13 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑"Death toll from powerful Japan quake likely to top 1,000". Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
↑ダム決壊 8人が行方不明 須賀川・藤沼ルポ (in Japanese). Fukushima News. 12 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑"A quick report on Japanese Dams after the Earthquake". Chinese National Committee on Large Dams. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 26 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
↑Uranaka, Taiga; Kwon, Ki Joon (14 March 2011). "Quake-hit Japan battles to avert radiation leak". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
12Nomiyama, Chiz (21 March 2011). "Factbox: Japan disaster in figures". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 March 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
↑Inajima, Tsuyoshi; Okada, Yuji (11 March 2011) "Japanese Quake Forces Evacuation Near Nuclear Reactor; Oil Refinery Burns", Bloomberg L.P.. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
↑Kyodo News, "Utilities' monopoly on power backfires", The Japan Times, 30 March 2011, p. 2. Archived 31 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑"Power Outage To Deal Further Blows To Industrial Output". Nikkei.com. 14 March 2011. Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
↑"東京電力ホームページ – エネルギーの最適サービスを通じてゆたかで快適な環境の実現に貢献します –". Tokyo Electric Power Company. Archived from the original on 27 February 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑"News". Nikkan Sports. Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑Joe, Melinda, "Kanto area works on energy conservation", The Japan Times, 17 March 2011, p. 11. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑A legacy from the 1800s leaves Tokyo facing blackouts, ITworld, 18 March 2011 Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Hongo, Jun, "One certainty in the crisis: Power will be at a premium", The Japan Times, 16 March 2011, p. 2. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑NHK, "Steel makers provide TEPCO with electricity", 27 March 2011.
↑Nakata, Hiroko, "Auto industry agrees to adopt weekend work shifts", The Japan Times, 20 May 2011, p. 1.
↑Rubin, Jeffrey "Setsuden Poised to Replace Nuclear Power in Japan ""The Huffington Post", 4 August 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2011
↑節電についてArchived 6 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine, 今夏の電力需給状況についてArchived 27 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine, 最大電力の動向Archived 27 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine TEPCO, Access Date: 9 October 2011
↑7月分の電力需給実績についてArchived 1 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine TEP, 26 August 2011
↑8月分の電力需給実績についてArchived 1 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine TEP, 28 September 2011
↑9月定例社長記者会見概要Archived 1 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine TEP, 10 September 2011
↑今夏の節電要請見送り 安定的な供給可能 Mainichi Shimbun, 21 May 2017
123Fernandez, Clarence (14 March 2011). "Japan's shipping, energy sectors begin march back from quake". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
↑Watkins, Eric (11 March 2011). "After 8.9 quake, explosion hits pchem complex in Japan". Oil & Gas Journal. PennEnergy.com.
↑"LPG Tanks Fire Extinguished at Chiba Refinery (5th Update)". Cosmo-oil.co.jp. 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
↑Fires, safety checks take out Japanese refineriesArgus Media, 14 March 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Japanese refiners try to offset shortagesArgus Media, 15 March 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Osamu Tsukimori; Mayumi Negishi (11 March 2011). "JX refinery fire seen originated from shipping facility". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
↑Analysis – Oil markets adjust to Japan's disasterArgus Media, 16 March 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Japan quake begins to impact LNG tradeArgus Media, 15 March 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Tsunami Disaster: "Japan's Sendai says LNG Infrastructure Badly Damaged"Argus Media, 16 March 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011. Archived 7 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Kanekiyo, Kensuke; Ishimura, Akira, eds. (March 2011). "Eastern Japan paralyzed by unprecedented earthquake"(PDF). Japan Energy Brief (12).
12"Japan earthquake: Evacuations ordered as fears grow of radiation leak at nuclear plant; News.com.au". Agence France-Presse. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
12"Japan initiates emergency protocol after earthquake". Nuclear Engineering International. 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 24 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑Sample, Ian (13 March 2011). "Japan's nuclear fears intensify at two Fukushima power stations". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
12Japan Earthquake: More Nuclear Plants Lose Power, International Business Times, Jesse Emspak, 8 April 2011 Archived 10 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑Yamaguchi, Mari (11 August 2012). "Nuke plant near quake epicenter undamaged". Associated Press. p.8. Archived from the original on 13 April 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
↑"Nuclear Power in Japan: Japanese Nuclear Energy". World Nuclear Association. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
12McCurry, Justin (11 March 2011). "Japan Declares 'Nuclear Emergency' after Quake". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑Sato, Shigemi (12 March 2011). "High radiation in Japanese nuclear plant". The Sydney Morning Herald (AFP). anhourago.com.au. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
↑"Japan Tsunami". BBC News. Archived from the original on 29 January 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑"Radioactive Material May Have Leaked from Japanese Reactor". CNN International. 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑Hiroko Tabuchi, Matthew L. Wald. Partial Meltdowns Presumed at Crippled Reactors. The New York Times, 13 March 2011
↑Chico Harlan (12 March 2011). "Japan quake: With two natural disasters and a nuclear emergency, recovery begins]". The Washington Post.
↑"Analysis: A month on, Japan nuclear crisis still scarring,"Archived 14 April 2011 at the Wayback MachineInternational Business Times (Australia). 9 April 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2011; excerpt, According to James Acton, Associate of the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, "Fukushima is not the worst nuclear accident ever but it is the most complicated and the most dramatic ... This was a crisis that played out in real time on TV. Chernobyl did not."
↑"asahi.com(朝日新聞社): 福島市内の水道水から放射性物質検出 国の基準は下回る – 東日本大震災". The Asahi Shimbun. Japan. 3 January 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
↑"1都5県の水道水から放射性物質、国基準下回る: 科学". Yomiuri Shimbun. Japan. 19 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
↑"水道水 制限値を全国で下回る". NHK News. Retrieved 19 March 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑"asahi.com(朝日新聞社): 福島の土壌から微量ストロンチウム 水溶性の放射性物質 – 社会". Archived from the original on 13 April 2011.
↑"asahi.com(朝日新聞社): 原発から40キロの土壌、高濃度セシウム 半減期30年 – 東日本大震災". The Asahi Shimbun. Japan. 1 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
↑"asahi.com(朝日新聞社): 東京・神奈川含む汚染マップ公表 一部で1万ベクレル超 – 東日本大震災". The Asahi Shimbun. 6 October 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
↑Jae Hur (27 March 2011). "Food Contamination Set to Rise as Japan Fights Radiation Crisis at Reactor". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011.
↑"Fukushima: Japan approves releasing wastewater into ocean". BBC. 13 April 2021.
↑Hunt, Alex (4 October 2024). "Fukushima Daiichi: How is the decommissioning process going to work?". World Nuclear News. Retrieved 14 April 2026.
↑Mogi, Chikako (11 March 2011). "Fire at Tōhoku Elec Onagawa nuclear plant -Kyodo". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑"Fire at nuclear power plant extinguished". The Australian. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑Hafez Ahmed. "March 2011 Japan's atomic plant neighbours mull leaving homes". Thefinancialexpress-bd.com. Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
↑"IAEA update on Japan Earthquake". iaea.org. 2011. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑"IAEA update on Japan Earthquake". iaea.org. 13 March 2011. Archived from the original on 31 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑Chico Harlan, Steven Mufson: Japanese nuclear plants' operator scrambles to avert meltdowns. The Washington Post, 11 March 2011 Archived 28 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑"Sea water injected into troubled Fukushima power plant". Manila Bulletin. 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑"Cooling system pump stops at Tokai No. 2 plant-Kyodo; Energy & Oil; Reuters". Reuters. 13 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑Takenaka, Kiyoshi (13 March 2011). "Tokai No. 2 nuke plant cooling process working – operator". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑NHK World, "Tōhoku Expressway Reopened To All Traffic", 24 March 2011.
↑Chu, Kathleen; Sakamaki, Sachiko (24 March 2011). "Highway to Japan Quake Area Opens as Casualties Pass 25,000". Bloomberg Businessweek. Archived from the original on 24 March 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
↑"Many Rail Services in Tokyo Suspended After Quake". NIKKEI. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
↑Associated Press, "When Tokyo's clockwork trains stopped ticking", The Japan Times, 13 March 2011, p. 3.
↑Kyodo News, "Disney reality check for the stuck", The Japan Times, 13 March 2011, p. 3.
↑"Yokota provides support following massive earthquake". Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑Kyodo News, "USS Reagan on way", The Japan Times, 13 March 2011, p. 2.
↑"JR東日本: 列車運行情報". Traininfo.jreast.co.jp. Archived from the original on 24 March 2011. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑"脱線のJR仙石線車内から、県警ヘリで9人救出: 社会: YOMIURI ONLINE(読売新聞)". Yomiuri Shimbun. Japan. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
↑Hironari Akiyama; Takeharu Ishibashi (13 March 2011). "Kesennuma described as 'hellish sight'". Yomiuri Shimbun. Japan. Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
↑"23駅流失、線路被害680か所...JR東日本: 社会: YOMIURI ONLINE(読売新聞)". Archived from the original on 3 April 2011.
↑"Full Tōhoku Shinkansen Line services to be restored by late April". The Asahi Shimbun Company. 30 March 2001. Archived from the original on 5 April 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
↑"How Japan's Rail Network Survived the Earthquake". Railway Technology. 27 June 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
↑"asahi.com(朝日新聞社): 東北新幹線、東京—那須塩原で再開 各停、1時間に1本". The Asahi Shimbun. Japan. 15 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
↑"No. of dead or missing tops 22,000; bodies buried in rare measure". Japan Today. 22 March 2001. Retrieved 2 April 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑"Gradual Restoration of Infrastructure Continues at Disaster Areas". Nikkei. 18 March 2001. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
↑"仙台—東京「はやぶさ」8分短縮 半年ぶりダイヤ復旧". The Asahi Shimbun. Japan. 23 September 2011. Archived from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
↑"asahi.com(朝日新聞社): 計画停電で影響が出る主な鉄道(午前7時現在) – 社会". The Asahi Shimbun. Japan. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
↑"Tokyo phone lines jammed, trains stop". The Times of India. India. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. The temblor shook buildings in the capital, left millions of homes across Japan without electricity, shut down the mobile phone network and severely disrupted landline phone service.
↑"A Look at the Japanese City Closest to the Quake". NPR. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
↑"In Japan, Many Undersea Cables Are Damaged: Broadband News and Analysis". Gigaom.com. 14 March 2011. Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
↑Cowie, James (11 March 2011). "Japan Quake – Renesys Blog". Renesys.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011.
12"Japan's phone networks remain severely disrupted". Computerworld. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011.
↑"AT&T, Sprint & Verizon Offer Free Calls & Texts to Japan from U.S. [Updated]". Mashable. 14 March 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
↑"T-Mobile USA Waives Call Charges to Japan and Wi-Fi Calling and Text Messaging Charges to and From Japan". Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
↑"netTALK Extends Free Calling to Japan Through April". 24 November 2001. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
↑"Vonage offers free calls to Japan". Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
↑"Deutsche Telekom: Konzern erleichtert Kommunikation nach Japan". Deutsche Telekom. 17 March 2011. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
↑"Mitsubishi Heavy Industries bids goodbye to F2 aircraft". Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
↑"Earthquake devastates Japan F-2 sqd". Retrieved 28 September 2011.
↑"Tsunami and earthquake in Japan: latest pictures of the damage". The Daily Telegraph. London. 14 March 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
↑"Air SDF to scrap 12 fighters, citing tsunami damage". Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2011.
↑"Damages to Cultural Properties in 'the Great East Japan Earthquake'"(PDF). Agency for Cultural Affairs. 16 February 2012. Archived from the original(PDF) on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
↑東日本大震災による文化芸術分野の被災状況[Effects of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in the field of Culture and the Arts] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
↑"岡倉天心ゆかりの文化財「六角堂」、津波で消失". Yomiuri Shimbun. 12 March 2011. Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
↑"Damage to Cultural Properties"(PDF). Agency for Cultural Affairs. 27 April 2011. Archived from the original(PDF) on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
↑"An Interim Report on the Situation of Cultural Heritage in Japan after the Tōhoku district -off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake (or Tōhoku Earthquake)"(PDF). ICCROM. Archived from the original(PDF) on 12 May 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
↑"UNESCO move brings joy". Yomiuri Shimbun. Retrieved 9 May 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑Rajib Shaw; Yukiko Takeuchi (2012). East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: Evacuation, Communication, Education and Volunteerism. Singapore: Research Publishing Services. p.288. ISBN978-981-07-0186-4.
↑Peter Ford (18 July 2011). "Japan tackles mountains of trash". The Christian Science Monitor. p.12.
↑Mejia, Paula (12 April 2015). "Piece of Ship from Japan's 2011 Tsunami Surfaces in Oregon". Newsweek. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
↑Mairs, Jessica (8 February 2016). "Stone memorial by Koishikawa Architects marks the 2011 Japan earthquake". Dezeen. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
12Achenbach, Joel (11 March 2011). "Japan: The 'Big One' hit, but not where they thought it would". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 28 April 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
12Powell, Devin (17 March 2011). "Japan Quake Epicenter Was in Unexpected Location". Wired News. Archived from the original on 19 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
↑"三陸沖〜房総沖で「M9」30年以内に30% 地震調査委". Sankei Shimbun. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 26 November 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
↑"三陸沖から房総沖にかけての地震活動の長期評価(第二版)について". The Headquarters For Earthquake Research Promotion. 25 November 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
↑Brown, Eryn (12 March 2011). "Japan earthquake shifted Earth on its axis". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 16 March 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
↑Montagner, Jean-Paul; Juhel, Kévin; Barsuglia, Matteo; Ampuero, Jean Paul; Chassande-Mottin, Eric; Harms, Jan; Whiting, Bernard; Bernard, Pascal; Clévédé, Eric; Lognonné, Philippe (2016). "Prompt gravity signal induced by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake". Nature Communications. 7 (1) 13349. Bibcode:2016NatCo...713349M. doi:10.1038/ncomms13349. PMC5121411. PMID27874858.
↑Todo, Yasuyuki; Nakajima, Kentaro; Matous, Petr (2015). "How do supply chain networks affect the resilience of firms to natural disasters? Evidence from the Great East Japan Earthquake"(PDF). Regional Science. 55 (2): 209–229. Bibcode:2015JRegS..55..209T. doi:10.1111/jors.12119. S2CID18261590.
↑Matous, Petr; Todo, Yasuyuki (2016). "Energy and resilience: The effects of endogenous interdependencies on trade network formation across space among major Japanese firms". Network Science. 4 (2): 141–163. doi:10.1017/nws.2015.37.
↑"Japan Disaster Archive | Japan Disasters Archive". jdarchive.org. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
↑Smithsonian.com Fault that Caused Japan's 2011 Earthquake is Thin and Slippery, 5 December 2013
↑Christian Science Monitor Japan's monster quake: Do scientists have key to decode future tremblors?, 6 December 2013
↑Urabe, J; Suzuki, T; Nishita, T; Makino, W (2013). "Immediate Ecological Impacts of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami on Intertidal Flat Communities". PLOS ONE. 8 (5) e62779. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...862779U. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062779. ISSN1932-6203. PMC3641098. PMID23650529.
Further reading
Architectural Institute of Japan, ed. (2012). Preliminary Reconnaissance Report of the 2011 Tōhoku-Chiho Taiheiyo-Oki Earthquake. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering. Vol.23. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-4-431-54097-7. ISBN978-4-431-54096-0.
Birmingham, Lucy; McNeill, David (2012). Strong in the Rain: Surviving Japan's Earthquake, Tsunami and Fukushima Nuclear Disaster. Palgrave Macmillan. p.256. ISBN978-1-137-05060-1.
[Council for Central] Disaster Management, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan (March 2015). Disaster Management in Japan(in Japanese and English).
McLaughlin, Levi (2013). "What Have Religious Groups Done After 3.11? Part 1: A Brief Survey of Religious Mobilization after the Great East Japan Earthquake Disasters". Religion Compass. 7 (8): 294–308. doi:10.1111/rec3.12057.
McLaughlin, Levi (2013). "What Have Religious Groups Done After 3.11? Part 2: From Religious Mobilization to 'Spiritual Care'". Religion Compass. 7 (8): 309–325. doi:10.1111/rec3.12056.
Sources
This article incorporates text from a free content work.Licensed under Cc BY-SA 3.0 IGO(license statement/permission).Text taken from Drowning in Plastics – Marine Litter and Plastic Waste Vital Graphics,United Nations Environment Programme.