Definitions of dysentery can vary by region and by medical specialty. The U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) limits its definition to "diarrhea with visible blood".[19] Others define the term more broadly.[20] These differences in definition must be taken into account when defining mechanisms. For example, using the CDC definition requires that intestinal tissue be so severely damaged that blood vessels have ruptured, allowing visible quantities of blood to be lost with defecation. Other definitions require less specific damage.
Amoebic dysentery
Amoebiasis, also known as amoebic dysentery, is caused by an infection from the amoebaEntamoeba histolytica,[21] which is found mainly in tropical areas.[22] Proper treatment of the underlying infection of amoebic dysentery is important; insufficiently treated amoebiasis can lie dormant for years and subsequently lead to severe, potentially fatal, complications.
When amoebae inside the bowel of an infected person are ready to leave the body, they group together and form a shell that surrounds and protects them. This group of amoebae is known as a cyst, which is then passed out of the person's body in the feces and can survive outside the body. If hygiene standards are poor – for example, if the person does not dispose of the feces hygienically – then it can contaminate the surroundings, such as nearby food and water. If another person then eats or drinks food or water that has been contaminated with feces containing the cyst, that person will also become infected with the amoebae. Amoebic dysentery is particularly common in parts of the world where human feces are used as fertilizer. After entering the person's body through the mouth, the cyst travels down into the stomach. The amoebae inside the cyst are protected from the stomach's digestive acid. From the stomach, the cyst travels to the intestines, where it breaks open and releases the amoebae, causing the infection. The amoebae can burrow into the walls of the intestines and cause small abscesses and ulcers to form. The cycle then begins again.
Bacillary dysentery
Dysentery may also be caused by shigellosis, an infection by bacteria of the genus Shigella, and is then known as bacillary dysentery (or Marlow syndrome). The term bacillary dysentery etymologically might seem to refer to any dysentery caused by any bacilliform bacteria, but its meaning is restricted by convention to Shigella dysentery.
1270: Louis IX of France died of dysentery in Tunis while commanding his troops for the Eighth Crusade on 25 August 1270.
1307: Edward I of England caught dysentery on his way to the Scottish border and died in his servants' arms on 7 July 1307.
1322: Philip V of France died of dysentery at the Abbey of Longchamp (site of the present hippodrome in the Bois de Boulogne) in Paris while visiting his daughter, Blanche, who had taken her vows as a nun there in 1322. He died on 3 January 1322.
1376: Edward the Black Prince, son of Edward III of England and heir to the English throne. Died of apparent dysentery in June, after a months-long period of illness during which he predicted his own imminent death, in his 46th year.
1422: King Henry V of England died suddenly on 31 August 1422 at the Château de Vincennes, apparently from dysentery,[39] which he had contracted during the siege of Meaux. He was 35 years old and had reigned for nine years.
1536: Erasmus, Dutch renaissance humanist and theologian. At Basel.[40]
1605: Akbar, ruler of the Mughal Empire of South Asia, died of dysentery. On 3 October 1605, he fell ill with an attack of dysentery, from which he never recovered. He is believed to have died on or about 27 October 1605, after which his body was buried in a mausoleum in Agra, present-day India.[42]
1638:Sibylla Schwarz, a young German poet of the baroque era, died of dysentery during the Thirty Year's War in Pommerania at the age of 17.
1675: Jacques Marquette died of dysentery on his way north from what is today Chicago, traveling to the mission where he intended to spend the rest of his life.[43]
1676: Nathaniel Bacon died of dysentery after taking control of Virginia following Bacon's Rebellion. He is believed to have died in October 1676, allowing Virginia's ruling elite to regain control.[44]
↑ Ryan J (2016). Boards and Beyond: Infectious Disease: A Companion Book to the Boards and Beyond Website (Version 9-26-2016 ed.). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN978-1-5237-0935-9。
↑ Phillips, A; Navabpour, S; Hicks, S; Dougan, G; Wallis, T; Frankel, G (2000). "Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 target Peyer's patches in humans and cause attaching/effacing lesions in both human and bovine intestine" . Gut . 47 ( 3): 377– 381. doi : 10.1136/gut.47.3.377 . PMC 1728033. PMID 10940275 .
↑ Wilson, I. Dodd (1990)、「吐血、黒色便、および血便」、Walker, H. Kenneth、Hall, W. Dallas、Hurst, J. Willis (編)、臨床検査法:病歴、身体診察、および臨床検査(第3版)、ボストン:Butterworths、ISBN978-0-409-90077-4PMID 21250251、2024年10月28日取得
↑ Byrne JP (2008). Encyclopedia of Pestilence, Pandemics, and Plagues: AM . ABC-CLIO. pp. 175–176 . ISBN978-0-313-34102-1。
↑ Pupo, Gulietta M.; Lan, Ruiting; Reeves, Peter R. (2000年8月22日). "大腸菌のShigellaクローンの複数の独立した起源と、それらの特性の多くにおける収斂進化" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 97 (19): 10567– 10572. Bibcode : 2000PNAS...9710567P . doi : 10.1073/pnas.180094797 . ISSN 0027-8424 . PMC 27065 . PMID 10954745 .