Each of these primary and secondary dialectal units breaks down into subdialects and accentological isoglosses by region. In the past (and currently, in isolated areas), it was not uncommon for individual villages to have their own words and phrases. However, during the 20th century the local dialects have been influenced by Štokavian standards through mass media and public education and much "local speech" has been lost (primarily in areas with larger populations). With the breakup of Yugoslavia, a rise in national awareness has caused individuals to modify their speech according to newly established standard-language guidelines. The wars have caused large migrations, changing the ethnic (and dialectal) picture of some areas—especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also in central Croatia and Serbia (Vojvodina in particular). In some areas, it is unclear whether location or ethnicity is the dominant factor in the dialect of the speaker. Because of this the speech patterns of some communities and regions are in a state of flux, and it is difficult to determine which dialects will die out entirely. Further research over the next few decades will be necessary to determine the changes made in the dialectical distribution of this language group.
Shtokavian dialects
The eastern Herzegovinian dialect is the basis of the Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian standard variants of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian.[13]
Chakavian dialects
Chakavian is spoken in the western, central, and southern parts of Croatia—mainly in Istria, the Kvarner Gulf, Dalmatia and inland Croatia (Gacka and Pokupje, for example). The Chakavian reflex of proto-Slavic yat is i or sometimes e (rarely as (i)je), or mixed (Ekavian–Ikavian). Many dialects of Chakavian preserved significant number of Dalmatian words, but also have many loanwords from Venetian, Italian, Greek and other Mediterranean languages.
Example: Ča je, je, tako je vavik bilo, ča će bit, će bit, a nekako će već bit!
Burgenland Croatian
This dialect is spoken primarily in the federal state of Burgenland in Austria and nearby areas in Vienna, Slovakia, and Hungary by descendants of Croats who migrated there during the 16th century. This dialect (or family of dialects) differs from standard Croatian, since it has been heavily influenced by German and Hungarian. It has properties of all three major dialectal groups in Croatia, since the migrants did not all come from the same area, but the linguistic standard is based on the Chakavian dialect.
東部諸方言では不定詞が失われており、そのため、一人称単数(ブルガリア語の場合)または三人称単数(マケドニア語の場合)が動詞の主要部分とみなされます。他の言語では不定詞を必要とする文は、ブルガリア語では節を通して構成され、искам да ходя (iskam da hodya)「私は行きたい」(文字通りには「私は私が行くことを望む」)となります。
これら3つの主要な分野以外にも、いくつかの小さな、しかし重要な違いが存在する。
西方言には単数形と複数形の両方に3つの性があり(スロベニア語には双数形がある―下記参照)、東方言には単数形にのみ3つの性がある ― 例えば、セルビア語で は on(彼)、ona(彼女)、ono(それ) 、 oni (彼ら、男性)、one(彼ら、女性)、ona(彼ら、中性)である。ブルガリア語のte(彼ら)とマケドニア語の тие(tie、「彼ら」)は複数形全体をカバーしている。
↑ブンチッチ、ダニエル (2008)。 「Die (Re-)Nationalisierung der serbokroatischen Standards」[セルボ・クロアチア規格の(再)国営化]。ケンプゲンにて、セバスチャン編(編)。Deutsche Beiträge zum 14. 国際スラビステンコングレス、オフリド、2008 年。 Welt der Slaven (ドイツ語)。ミュンヘン:オットー・ザグナー。 p. 93.OCLC 238795822。
↑グレッシェル、ベルンハルト(2009)。Das Serbokroatische zwischen Linguistik und Politik: mit einer Bibliographie zum postjugoslavischen Sprachenstreit [言語学と政治の間のセルボ・クロアチア語: ユーゴスラビア後の言語紛争の文献目録付き]。スラブ言語学におけるリンコム研究。第 34 巻 (ドイツ語)。ミュンヘン:リンコムヨーロッパ。 p. 265.ISBN978-3-929075-79-3. LCCN 2009473660 . OCLC 428012015 . OL 15295665W .