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12Flores, Jordan (13 May 2024). "Elvis Amoroso rechazó el levantamiento de las sanciones de la Unión Europea en su contra"[Elvis Amoroso rejected the lifting of sanctions by the European Union against him]. El Diario de Caracas (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 September 2024.
12Hernandez, Osmary (13 May 2024). "La UE retira temporalmente las sanciones al presidente del Consejo Nacional Electoral y otros 3 exfuncionarios"[EU temporarily lifts sanctions on National Electoral Council president and 3 other former officials]. CNN en Español (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 September 2024.
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12Sahuquillo, Maria R. (15 December 2025). "La UE eleva la presión sobre Venezuela al prorrogar las sanciones al círculo de Maduro en plena escalada de Estados Unidos"[The EU increases pressure on Venezuela by extending sanctions against Maduro's inner circle amid escalating tensions with the United States]. El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 December 2025.
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1234567891011121314151617Hermoso Fernandez, Jesus Noel (29 March 2018). "Panamá sanciona a Nicolás Maduro, 54 funcionarios chavistas y a 16 empresas relacionadas (Lista)"[Panama sanctions Nicolás Maduro, 54 Chavista officials and 16 related business (List)]. Efecto Cocuyo. Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2019. Also at Panama Economic and Finance MinistryArchived 5 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine
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12Zerega, Georgina (18 July 2019). "Mexico freezes accounts of 19 companies and people who sold food to the Government of Maduro". El País. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
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12345678910111213141516"UK announces new sanctions targeting Nicolás Maduro's regime in Venezuela" (Press release). Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office of the UK Government. 10 January 2025. Retrieved 13 January 2025.
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↑Camacho, Carlos; Delgado, Antonio María (30 May 2019). "Exclusiva con Juan Guaidó: Espías cubanos golpeados por sanciones de Trump"[Exclusive with Juan Guaidó: Cuban spies hit by Trump sanctions]. El Nuevo Herald (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 June 2019.
↑Lozano, Daniel (11 May 2021). "Juan Guaidó abre la puerta a la negociación con Nicolás Maduro al invocar un acuerdo de salvación nacional"[Juan Guaidó opens the door to negotiation with Nicolás Maduro by invoking a national salvation agreement]. El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 May 2021.
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123Vidal, Laura; Jessica Carrillo Mazzali (31 January 2019). "US sanctions squeezed Venezuela's Chavismo elites. This time, it's oil". Public Radio International. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
↑DeYoung, Karen (4 April 2019). "Venezuela's health system in 'utter collapse' as infectious diseases spread, report says". The Washington Post. Retrieved 7 April 2019. Also available at The Independent
↑Forero, Juan and David Luhnow (30 January 2019). "Venezuelans fear new U.S. oil sanctions will hit them hardest". The Wall Street Journal. ProQuest2172440193.
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12Caballero, Miguelangel (9 December 2020). "Transparencia Venezuela analiza la incidencia de las sanciones internacionales en Venezuela"[Transparency Venezuela analyzes the impact of international sanctions in Venezuela]. Transparencia Venezuela (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 February 2021.
↑"Venezuela: Additional Tracking Could Aid Treasury's Efforts to Mitigate Any Adverse Impacts U.S. Sanctions Might Have on Humanitarian Assistance"(PDF). Government Accountability Office. February 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑O'Murchu, Cynthia; Fisher, Lucy; Kinder, Tabby; Stott, Michael (15 March 2024). "Hedge fund manager arranged Boris Johnson's trip to meet Venezuela's Maduro". Financial Times. Retrieved 16 March 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑Pons, Corina (11 May 2020). "Venezuela's timid gains in taming inflation fade as food prices soar". Reuters. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
↑"Venezuela: The Rise and Fall of a Petrostate". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 16 March 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑Herrera, Adriana Boersner; Haluani, Makram (17 August 2023). "Domestic and international factors of the contemporary Russo–Venezuelan bilateral relationship". Latin American Policy. 14 (3): 366–387. doi:10.1111/lamp.12309.
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↑Rosati, Andrew; Zerpa, Fabiola (17 October 2018). "Dollars Are Out, Euros Are In as U.S. Sanctions Sting Venezuela". Bloomberg. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
12345Buncombe, Andrew (26 April 2019). "US sanctions on Venezuela responsible for 'tens of thousands' of deaths, claims new report". The Independent. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
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↑Calles, Óscar (February 2021). "Carta abierta a la Relatora Especial, Alena Douhan, por su visita a Venezuela"[Open letter to the Special Rapporteur, Alena Douhan, for her visit to Venezuela] (in Spanish). PROVEA. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
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↑"La rapporteuse de l'ONU juge 'dévastateurs' les effets des sanctions sur le Venezuela"[The UN rapporteur judges 'devastating' the effects of sanctions on Venezuela]. Le Monde.fr (in French). 15 February 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
↑"Relatora de la ONU pide levantar sancionas contra Venezuela"[UN Rapporteur calls for lifting sanctions against Venezuela]. DW.COM (in Spanish). 13 February 2021. Archived from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
↑Sequera, Vivian (12 February 2021). "U.N. envoy urges U.S. to relax Venezuela sanctions, drawing opposition rebuke". Reuters. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
↑Moleiro, Alonso (13 February 2021). "Una relatora de la ONU afirma que las sanciones a Maduro 'han agravado las calamidades de los venezolanos'"[A UN rapporteur affirms that the sanctions against Maduro 'have aggravated the calamities of Venezuelans']. EL PAÍS (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 March 2021.
↑Barráez, Sebastiana (17 February 2021). "Qué hay detrás del informe de la relatora especial de Derechos Humanos de la ONU para encubrir los crímenes contra presos políticos en Venezuela"[What is behind the report of the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights to cover up crimes against political prisoners in Venezuela]. infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 February 2021.
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↑Martínez, Sammy Paola (13 February 2021). "Mariela Ramírez: Alena Douhan desconoció violaciones a los DD. HH. y desmantelamiento del Estado"[Mariela Ramírez: Alena Douhan was unaware of human rights violations and dismantling of the State]. El Pitazo (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 February 2021.
↑"Oposición acusa a relatora de ONU de seguir narrativa de Maduro por sanciones"[Opposition accuses UN rapporteur of following Maduro's narrative due to sanctions]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 12 February 2021. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
↑Douhan, Alena (20 June 2023). "Unilateral Coercive Measures: Effects and Legality Issues | Yale Journal of International Law". yjil.yale.edu. Retrieved 19 December 2025.
↑Sabatini, Christopher (12 January 2024). "America's Love of Sanctions Will Be Its Downfall". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
↑Chávez, Aída (2 August 2024). "U.S. Sanctions Have Devastated Venezuela. How Does That Help Democracy?". The Intercept. Retrieved 23 February 2025.
↑Hodal, Kate (5 April 2019). "UN urged to declare full-scale crisis in Venezuela as health system 'collapses'". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
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↑Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (27 February 2018). "Venezuela Alimentación y Salud". YouTube. Retrieved 17 May 2022. En términos nutricionales, quizás tenemos el mejor indicador de que esta crisis no data del último año de sanciones o de medidas externas. Cuando una nación da cuenta de un 36% de niños con un retardo en crecimiento, se da cuenta biológica de un rezago nutricional, afectivo y social de al menos siete años. De eso dan cuenta también los índices de escasez de alimentos. Para mencionar un contrapeso: (...) las toneladas de carne y de cerdo perdidas, tenemos todavía la impunidad, señor representante del Estado, el caso de PDVAL, con toneladas de comida descompuesta, importadas por el Estado, que no fueron distribuidas, lo que nos hace pensar que fueron importadas con fines no alimentarios, sino posiblemente con fines de acceder a dólares preferenciales.
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↑Bahar, Dany; Bustos, Sebastian; Morales-Arilla, José; Ángel Santos, Miguel (14 May 2019). "Impact of the 2017 sanctions on Venezuela: Revisiting the evidence". Brookings Institution. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
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