New York Shipbuilding Corporation

New York Shipbuilding Corporation
Founded	1899
Defunct	1968
Fate	Ceased operations in 1968
Headquarters	Camden, New Jersey, U.S.

The New York Shipbuilding Corporation (or New York Ship for short) was an American shipbuilding company that operated from 1899 to 1968, ultimately completing more than 500 vessels for the U.S. Navy, the United States Merchant Marine, the United States Coast Guard, and other maritime concerns. At its peak during World War II, NYSB was the largest and most productive shipyard in the world.^{[citation needed]} Its best-known vessels include the destroyer USS Reuben James (DD-245), the cruiser USS Indianapolis (CA-35), the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63), the nuclear-powered cargo ship NS Savannah, and a quartet of cargo-passenger liners nicknamed the 4 Aces.

History

It was founded in 1899 by Henry G. Morse (1850–2 June 1903),^{[note 1]} an engineer noted in connection with bridge design and construction and senior partner of Morse Bridge Company.^[1] The original plan was to build a shipyard on Staten Island, thus the name of the company,^[2] but plans to acquire a site there failed. The company then explored other potential sites as far south as Virginia, particularly in the Delaware River area, and ultimately chose a location in the southern part of Camden, New Jersey.^[3] Site selection considered the needs of the planned application of bridge-building practices of prefabrication and assembly-line production of ships in covered ways.^[4] Construction of the plant began in July 1899; the keel of the first ship was laid in November 1900.^[1] That ship, contract number 1, was M. S. Dollar, which was later modified as an oil tanker and renamed J. M. Guffey.^[5]^{[note 2]} Two of the first contracts were for passenger ships that were among the largest then being built in the United States: #5 for Mongolia and #6 for Manchuria.^[6] Morse died after securing contracts for 20 ships. He was followed as president by De Coursey May.^[1]

On November 27, 1916, a special meeting of the company's stockholders ratified sale of the "fifteen million dollar plant" to a group of companies composed of American International Corporation, International Mercantile Marine Co., W. R. Grace and Company and the Pacific Mail Steamship Company.^[7]^{[note 3]} From about 1933 to 1937 the shipyard was part of Errett Lobban Cord's business empire.

New York Ship's unusual covered ways produced everything from aircraft carriers, battleships, and luxury liners to barges and car floats.

During World War I, New York Ship expanded rapidly to fill orders from the U.S. Navy and the Emergency Fleet Corporation. A critical shortage of worker housing led to the construction of Yorkship Village, a planned community of 1,000 brick homes designed by Electus Darwin Litchfield and financed by the War Department. Yorkship Village is now the Fairview section of the City of Camden.

New York Ship's World War II production included all nine Independence-class light carriers (CVL), built on Cleveland-class light cruiser hulls; the 40,000-ton battleship USS South Dakota (BB-57); all three of the six 30,000-ton Alaska-class cruisers that were built (Alaska, Guam, and Hawaii), four 15,000-ton Baltimore-class heavy cruisers, and 98 LCTs (Landing Craft, Tank), many of which took part in the D-Day landings at Normandy.

After World War II, a much-diminished New York Ship subsisted on a trickle of contracts from the United States Maritime Administration and the U.S. Navy. In 1959, the yard launched the NS Savannah, the world's first nuclear-powered merchant ship. The yard launched its last civilian vessel (SS Export Adventurer) in 1960, and its last naval vessel, USS Camden, was ordered in 1967. The company's final completed submarine was USS Guardfish (SSN-612), which had been ordered in the early 1960s, but construction was halted from 1963 to 1965 because of the loss of the USS Thresher. Guardfish was commissioned in December 1967.

In 1968, lacking new naval orders, NYS ceased operations. USS Pogy (SSN-647), then under construction, was towed to Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi, for completion.

The yard's site is now part of the Port of Camden. The caisson previously used in NYS’s graving dock is still in use today in the former Philadelphia Navy Yard’s dry dock number 3.^[8]

World War II Slipways

Ships built

Ships built by New York Ship include:

Aircraft carriers
- 1 of 2 Lexington-class aircraft carrier
  - USS Saratoga (CV-3), launched 7 April 1925
- 9 of 9 Independence-class light carriers
- 2 of 2 Saipan-class light carriers
  - Saipan (CVL-48), Wright (CVL-49)
- 1 of 4 Kitty Hawk-class aircraft carrier
  - USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63), launched 21 May 1960
Battleships
- 1 of 3 New Mexico-class
  - USS Idaho (BB-42)
- 1 of 3 Colorado-class
  - USS Colorado (BB-45)
- 1 of 4 South Dakota-class
  - USS South Dakota (BB-57)
Colliers
- SS Plymouth served as USS Plymouth from 1918 to 1919, as an auxiliary cargo ship, then returned to civilian service as SS Plymouth^[12]
- SS Fairmont served as USS Fairmont from 1918 to 1919, as an auxiliary cargo ship, then returned to civilian service again as the SS Fairmont. In 1922 she was renamed Nebraskan. For World War II she was renamed SS Black Point and was the last ship sunk by a U-boat on May 5, 1945.^[13]^[14]^[15]
- SS Winding Gulf^[16]
- SS Tidewater did not serve in the US Navy. Renamed SS Isaac T. Mann in 1923 and was scrapped at Baltimore in 1954.^[17]
- SS Glen White served as USS Glen White from 1918 to 1919 then returned to civilian service as SS Glen White.^[18]
- SS Sewalls Point did not serve in the US Navy.^[19]
- SS Franklin did not serve in the US Navy, became SS Nevadan in 1921, then SS Oakey L. Alexander in 1926. Was wrecked on the Maine coast on 3 March 1947.^[20]
- SS William N. Page ^[21]
Cruisers
- 1 of 2 Portland-class heavy cruisers
  - Indianapolis (CA-35) launched 7 November 1931
- 3 of 9 Brooklyn-class light cruisers
  - USS Savannah (CL-42) launched 8 May 1937
  - USS Nashville (CL-43) 2 October 1937
  - USS Phoenix (CL-46) 19 March 1938
- 4 of 14 Baltimore-class heavy cruisers
  - Bremerton (CA-130) launched 2 July 1944
  - Fall River (CA-131) 13 August 1944
  - Macon (CA-132) 15 October 1944
  - Toledo (CA-133) 6 May 1945
- 3 of 3 Alaska-class large cruiser
  - Alaska (CB-1), Guam (CB-2), Hawaii (CB-3)
- 8 of 27 Cleveland-class light cruisers
4 of 8 Porter-class destroyers
Fast combat support ship
- Sacramento-class fast combat support ship
  - USS Camden (AOE-2)
Oil tankers
- SS Gulfoil^[22]
- Gulflight launched 1914. Center of a diplomatic incident when torpedoed in World War I.
- SS Sylvan Arrow, launched 1918^[23]
- SS Camden (1921) sunk by Japanese submarine I-25 in 1942
- SS Dixie Arrow^[24]
- Japanese seaplane tender Kamoi launched 1922
- SS Empire Arrow
Submarine
Nuclear-powered merchant ship
- NS Savannah
Passenger/cargo ship
- SS Panhandle State: Also named: President Monroe, President Buchanan, (Iris), and Emily H. M. Weder.^[25]
- SS Munargo: Also named Arthur Murray (Army but never used), USS Munargo (Navy), USAT Thistle, USAHS Thistle (Army hospital). [2]
Other ships and boats
- - Washington Irving—the biggest passenger-carrying riverboat (paddle steamer) ever built.

Athletic

An Athletic team for the 16,000 employees was created in the 1910s.^[26]

Footnotes

^ Not to be confused with architect Henry Grant Morse, Jr. (1884 – May 28, 1934).
^ U.S. Navy as USS J. M. Guffey (ID-1279) commissioned 14 October 1918 at Invergorden, Scotland, decommissioned Philadelphia 17 June 1919 (DANFS).
^ On page 510 of the reference notes that American International Corporation holds interests in the International Mercantile Marine Company, Pacific Mail Steamship, Grace Lines and other ocean transportation companies. The same journal in the October issue, page 440, states American International Corporation had "control of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company."
^ a b c Based upon measurements made with Google Earth of slipway remains.

References

^ a b c Marine Engineering (July 1903).
^ American International Corporation 1920, p. 9.
^ American International Corporation 1920, pp. 9–10.
^ American International Corporation 1920, pp. 10–11.
^ American International Corporation 1920, p. 17.
^ American International Corporation 1920, p. 19.
^ Marine Engineering (December 1916).
^ Battleship New Jersey (2024-05-27). How We Keep The Water On The Outside of the Drydock. Retrieved 2024-08-01 – via YouTube.
^ a b c d e f g Hearings Before Committee on Naval Affairs of the House of Representatives, on Estimates Submitted by the Secretary of the Navy, 1919. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919. p. 333. Archived from the original on 2023-04-07. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Gardiner Fassett, Frederick (1948). The Shipbuilding Business in the United States of America. Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. p. 208.
^ a b c d "A Place Called YORKSHIP: The Facilities". Archived from the original on 2021-11-12. Retrieved 2021-11-12.
^ Shipscribe: SS Plymouth Archived 2017-08-18 at the Wayback Machine- Retrieved 2017-08-15
^ Shipscribe: SS Fairmont Archived 2017-08-18 at the Wayback Machine- Retrieved 2017-08-15
^ wrecksite SS Black Point
^ "navsource.org Fairmont (ID 2429)". Archived from the original on 2019-12-25. Retrieved 2019-12-25.
^ Shipscribe: SS Winding Gulf Archived 2017-08-18 at the Wayback Machine- Retrieved 2017-08-15
^ Shipscribe: SS Tidewater Archived 2017-08-18 at the Wayback Machine- Retrieved 2017-08-15
^ Shipscribe: SS Glen White Archived 2017-08-18 at the Wayback Machine- Retrieved 2017-08-15
^ Google books: The Rudder; SS Sewalls Point Archived 2023-04-21 at the Wayback Machine(Thomas Fleming Day, Fawcett Publications, 1919, pp. 233)
^ Shipscribe: SS Franklin Archived 2017-08-18 at the Wayback Machine- Retrieved 2017-08-15
^ Shipscribe: SS William N. Page Archived 2017-08-18 at the Wayback Machine- Retrieved 2017-08-15
^ "Gulfoil". uboat.net. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
^ "Sylvan Arrow". uboat.net. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
^ "Dixie Arrow". uboat.net. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
^ SS Panhandle State Archived 2023-04-07 at the Wayback Machine (pp. 61)- Retrieved 2019-07-22
^ Evening Public Ledger, Jul 3, 1919.[1] Archived 2023-12-03 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved Dec 3, 2023

CV / CVL Class Carriers: Book; USS INDEPENDENCE CVL-22, A War Diary of the Nation's First Dedicated Night Carrier by: John G. Lambert

Bibliography

American International Corporation (1920). History and development of New York Shipbuilding Corporation.
Marine Engineering (1903). "Death of Henry G. Morse, President New York Shipbuilding Company". Marine Engineering. 8 (July 1903). New York: Marine Engineering Incorporated: 376. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
Marine Engineering (1916). "Shipbuilding and General Marine News". Marine Engineering. 21 (December 1916). New York: Marine Engineering Incorporated: 510, 557. Retrieved 4 March 2015.

External links

New York Shipbuilding Company Historical Sites
A Tribute to a Place Called Yorkship
New York Shipbuilding, Camden NJ Archived 2015-10-01 at the Wayback Machine
A web exhibit of ship christening photos that includes twenty images of launching ceremonies at New York Shipbuilding

39°54′39″N 75°7′20″W / 39.91083°N 75.12222°W / 39.91083; -75.12222

[1] Not to be confused with architect Henry Grant Morse, Jr. (1884 – May 28, 1934).

[7] U.S. Navy as USS J. M. Guffey (ID-1279) commissioned 14 October 1918 at Invergorden, Scotland, decommissioned Philadelphia 17 June 1919 (DANFS).

[10] On page 510 of the reference notes that American International Corporation holds interests in the International Mercantile Marine Company, Pacific Mail Steamship, Grace Lines and other ocean transportation companies. The same journal in the October issue, page 440, states American International Corporation had "control of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company."

[Slipway_remains.-15] Based upon measurements made with Google Earth of slipway remains.

[FOOTNOTEMarine_Engineering_(July_1903)-2] Marine Engineering (July 1903).

[FOOTNOTEAmerican_International_Corporation19209-3] American International Corporation 1920, p. 9.

[FOOTNOTEAmerican_International_Corporation19209–10-4] American International Corporation 1920, pp. 9–10.

[FOOTNOTEAmerican_International_Corporation192010–11-5] American International Corporation 1920, pp. 10–11.

[FOOTNOTEAmerican_International_Corporation192017-6] American International Corporation 1920, p. 17.

[FOOTNOTEAmerican_International_Corporation192019-8] American International Corporation 1920, p. 19.

[FOOTNOTEMarine_Engineering_(December_1916)-9] Marine Engineering (December 1916).

[11] Battleship New Jersey (2024-05-27). How We Keep The Water On The Outside of the Drydock. Retrieved 2024-08-01 – via YouTube.

[Hearings_Before_Committee_on_Naval_Affai-12] Hearings Before Committee on Naval Affairs of the House of Representatives, on Estimates Submitted by the Secretary of the Navy, 1919. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1919. p. 333. Archived from the original on 2023-04-07. Retrieved 2023-03-19.

[Fassett-13] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Gardiner Fassett, Frederick (1948). The Shipbuilding Business in the United States of America. Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. p. 208.

[A_Place_Called-14] "A Place Called YORKSHIP: The Facilities". Archived from the original on 2021-11-12. Retrieved 2021-11-12.

[16] Shipscribe: SS Plymouth Archived 2017-08-18 at the Wayback Machine- Retrieved 2017-08-15

[17] Shipscribe: SS Fairmont Archived 2017-08-18 at the Wayback Machine- Retrieved 2017-08-15

[18] wrecksite SS Black Point

[19] "navsource.org Fairmont (ID 2429)". Archived from the original on 2019-12-25. Retrieved 2019-12-25.

[20] Shipscribe: SS Winding Gulf Archived 2017-08-18 at the Wayback Machine- Retrieved 2017-08-15

[21] Shipscribe: SS Tidewater Archived 2017-08-18 at the Wayback Machine- Retrieved 2017-08-15

[22] Shipscribe: SS Glen White Archived 2017-08-18 at the Wayback Machine- Retrieved 2017-08-15

[23] Google books: The Rudder; SS Sewalls Point Archived 2023-04-21 at the Wayback Machine(Thomas Fleming Day, Fawcett Publications, 1919, pp. 233)

[24] Shipscribe: SS Franklin Archived 2017-08-18 at the Wayback Machine- Retrieved 2017-08-15

[25] Shipscribe: SS William N. Page Archived 2017-08-18 at the Wayback Machine- Retrieved 2017-08-15

[26] "Gulfoil". uboat.net. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2022.

[27] "Sylvan Arrow". uboat.net. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.

[28] "Dixie Arrow". uboat.net. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.

[29] SS Panhandle State Archived 2023-04-07 at the Wayback Machine (pp. 61)- Retrieved 2019-07-22

[30] Evening Public Ledger, Jul 3, 1919.[1] Archived 2023-12-03 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved Dec 3, 2023