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兵庫県（ひょうごけん、日本語発音：[ çoꜜː.ɡo, -ŋo, çoː.ɡoꜜ.keɴ, -ŋoꜜ.keɴ ] [ 3 ]）は、日本の本州関西地方にある県です。[ 4 ]兵庫県の人口は5,469,762人（2019年6月1日現在）です。 兵庫県は、面積が8,400平方キロメートル（3,200平方マイル）です。東は京都府、南東は大阪府、西は岡山県と鳥取県に接しています。
神戸は兵庫県の県庁所在地であり最大の都市であり、姫路、西宮、尼崎などの他の主要都市とともに日本で7番目に大きな都市です。[ 5 ]兵庫県の本土は日本海から瀬戸内海まで広がっており、瀬戸内には淡路島と県に属する小さな島々の群島があります。兵庫県は西日本の主要な経済中心地、交通の要衝、観光地であり、県の土地面積の20%が自然公園に指定されています。兵庫県は神戸都市圏と大阪都市圏の一部を形成しており、東京大都市圏に次いで日本で2番目に人口の多い都市圏であり、 GDPで世界でも最も生産性の高い地域の1つです。
現在の兵庫県は、かつての播磨国、但馬国、淡路国、丹波国、摂津国の一部を含む。[ 6 ]
平安時代末期の1180年、安徳天皇平清盛と朝廷は、現在の神戸市にあたる福原に一時的に移った。そこは5ヶ月間、都として留まった。姫路城はユネスコ世界遺産に登録されており、姫路市にある。
兵庫県南部は、1995年の阪神・淡路大震災（マグニチュード6.9 ）によって甚大な被害を受け、神戸市や淡路市の大部分、西宮市や芦屋市、そして隣接する大阪府が破壊され、約6,500人が死亡した。
Hyōgo has coastlines on two seas: to the north, the Sea of Japan, to the south, the Seto Inland Sea. On Awaji Island, Hyōgo borders the Pacific Ocean coastline in the Kii Channel. The northern portion is sparsely populated, except for the city of Toyooka. The central highlands are only populated by tiny villages. Most of Hyōgo's population lives on the southern coast, which is part of the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area. Awaji is an island that separates the Inland Sea and Osaka Bay, lying between Honshu and Shikoku.
Summertime weather throughout Hyōgo is hot and humid. As for winter conditions, the north of Hyōgo tends to receive abundant snow, whilst the south receives only the occasional flurry.
Hyōgo borders on Osaka Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture, Tottori Prefecture and Okayama Prefecture.
As of 31 March 2008, 20% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Sanin Kaigan and Setonaikai National Parks; Hyōnosen-Ushiroyama-Nagisan Quasi-National Park; and Asago Gunzan, Harima Chūbu Kyūryō, Inagawa Keikoku, Izushi-Itoi, Kasagatayama-Sengamine, Kiyomizu-Tōjōko-Tachikui, Onzui-Chikusa, Seiban Kyūryō, Seppiko-Mineyama, Tajima Sangaku, and Taki Renzan Prefectural Natural Parks.[8]
30 cities are located in Hyōgo Prefecture:
These are the towns in each district:
Two major artificial islands are located Hyōgo Prefecture:
The city of Akō and the only town in Akō District (Kamigōri), were scheduled to merge and the city would still retain the name Akō. Akō District would be defunct if the merger was successful.[9] However, the merger has not taken place.
As in all prefectures nationwide, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries play a big role in the economy of Hyogo Prefecture.[10] Hyōgo Prefecture also has an IT industry, many heavy industries, metal and medical, Kobe Port being one of the largest ports in Japan. Kobe Port also hosts one of the world's fastest supercomputers,[11] and Hyogo Prefecture passed laws to keep Kobe Port free of nuclear weapons (a nuclear-free zone) since the year 1975.
Hyōgo is a part of the Hanshin Industrial Region. There are two research institutes of Riken, natural sciences research institute in Japan, in Kobe and Harima. "SPring-8", a synchrotron radiation facility, is in Harima.
There are 163 public and 52 private high schools within Hyogo prefecture. Of the public high schools, some are administered by the Hyogo prefectural government, whilst the others are administered by local municipalities.
The sports teams listed below are based in Hyōgo.
Baseball
Basketball
Football (soccer)
Rugby
Volleyball
A popular troupe of Takarazuka Revue plays in Takarazuka.
Arima Onsen in the south of the province in Kita-ku, Kobe is one of the Three Ancient Springs in Japan. The north of Hyogo Prefecture has sightseeing spots such as Kinosaki Onsen, Izushi, and Yumura Onsen. Takeda Castle in Asago is often referred to locally as the "Machu Picchu of Japan". The matsuba crab and Tajima beef are both national delicacies.[12]
Kansai International Airport in nearby Osaka Prefecture is also used by air travellers from the prefecture as it provides most domestic and international travel.
Hyogo entered a sister state relationship with Washington state in the United States on October 22, 1963, the first such arrangement between Japan and the United States.[13][14]
In 1981, a sister state agreement was drawn up between Hyogo and the state of Western Australia in Australia.[15] To commemorate the 10th anniversary of this agreement in 1992, the Hyogo Prefectural Government Cultural Centre was established in Perth.[16]