He did not offer any method to achieve such awareness;[5] in his view, application of technique cannot possibly evolve into, or result in, true choicelessness– just as unceasing application of effort leads to illusory effortlessness, in reality the action of habit.[6] Additionally, in his opinion all methods introduce potential or actual conflict, generated by the practitioner's efforts to comply. According to this analysis, all practices towards achieving choiceless awareness have the opposite effect: they inhibit its action in the present by treating it as a future, premeditated result, and moreover one that is conditioned by the practitioner's implied or expressed expectations.[7]
Krishnamurti stated that for true choicelessness to be realized explicit or implicit choice has to simply, irrevocably, stop; however, not as a result of decision-making, but through the ceasing of the functioning of the chooser or self as a psychological entity. He proposed that such a state might be approached through inquiry based on total attentiveness: identity is then dissolved in complete, all-encompassing attention.[8] Therefore, he considered choiceless awareness a natural attribute of non-self-centered perception, which he called "observation without the observer".[9]
Accordingly, Krishnamurti advised against following any doctrine, discipline, teacher, guru, or authority, including himself.[10] He also advised against following one's own psychological knowledge and experience, which he considered integral parts of the observer.[11] He denied the usefulness of all meditation techniques and methods, but not of meditation itself, which he called "perhaps the greatest" art in life;[12] and stated that insight into choiceless awareness could be shared through open dialogue.[13]
↑Krishna 2008, p.970. "[C]hoicelessawareness ... can be shared with fellow-inquirers in what he [Krishnamurti] termed the art of dialogue"; Vernon 2001, pp.230–231. "[D]ialogue proposed that questions should give rise to further questions, rather than assertions, and that this process of enquiry would release a participant from the constraints of opinion, leading to fresh insights."
↑Lutyens 1983, pp.81, 86–87; one such book has a foreword by Aldous Huxley, who provides a comprehensive description of Krishnamurti's ideas including choiceless awareness (Huxley 1954, pp.17–18).
↑Kelman 1956. Krishnamurti's ideas on choiceless awareness (as described in J. Krishnamurti 1954), are a main focus of this article; Maslow 1959, p.54. "Krishnamurti has an excellent phrase to describe my data. He calls it 'choiceless awareness'."
↑Randall 1985, p.83. "What Krishnamurti pushes as 'choiceless awareness'. A helluva projection." From an essay on music; Grosjean 2000, p.93. From a presentation at a poetry symposium, Krishnamurti's view and its relation to creativity.
↑Lutyens 1983, p.204. Krishnamurti produced the statement in October 1980 (p.205); it is republished in J. Krishnamurti Online (JKO) the official Jiddu Krishnamurti archival website (JKO n.d., "The Core of the Teachings". Retrieved2023-01-31).
↑For more on Krishnamurti and choiceless awareness see Choiceless awareness, volume 5 in his Collected Works (Kendall Hunt 1991, ISBN978-0-8403-6238-4); 「J. クリシュナムルティによる選択のない意識、創造的空虚、そして究極の自由」。ディネシュ・チャンドラ・マスールによる記事、Diogenes 誌、 1984 年 1 月発行– SAGE Journals経由。アミール・サブゼヴァリー著『選択のない意識:クリシュナムルティ哲学における心理的自由』(Lambert Academic 2010、ISBN)978-3-8383-0385-7また、J. Krishnamurti Online には、彼の著作がテキストやその他のメディアで多数収録されています。
↑Germer et al. 2013, p.82. Retrieved2014-01-14–viaGoogle Books(e-book edition)."[I]t's important to remember that the purpose of mindfulness is to alleviate suffering, not choiceless awareness for its own sake."
↑Sharf 2013, text abstract. "[T]he form of 'mindfulness meditation' ... that has become popular in the West is, at least in part, a relatively modern phenomenon; it can be traced to Burmese Buddhist reform movements that date to the first half of the twentieth century." In Sharf's opinion, "[t]raditional Buddhist practices are oriented more toward acquiring 'correct view' and proper ethical discernment, rather than 'no view' and a non-judgmental attitude. ... This doesn't mean that modern forms of 'bare awareness' practice are without historical precursors."
↑Needham 1968. Quotes Maslow on choiceless awareness; Magida 1981, p.C45. "Uncovered through vipassana's 'choiceless awareness'"; Wardy 2005. "There exists a less cluttered mind, allowing for choiceless awareness, which eliminates judgment and opinion."
↑Alidina 2015, pp.110, 303; also see "Track 14: Sitting meditation– choiceless awareness" in accompanying online audio content. Retrieved2017-09-19.
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