↑Ladyman, James; Lambert, James; Wiesner, Karoline (2013). "What is a complex system?"(PDF). European Journal for Philosophy of Science. 3: 33–67. doi:10.1007/s13194-012-0056-8. Retrieved 28 July 2024. [S]pecial issue of Science on 'Complex Systems' featuring many key figures in the field (Science 2 April 1999) [...] [:] 6. 'A complex system is literally one in which there are multiple interactions between many different components.' (40, p. 105)
↑Ladyman, James; Lambert, James; Wiesner, Karoline (2013). "What is a complex system?"(PDF). European Journal for Philosophy of Science. 3: 33–67. doi:10.1007/s13194-012-0056-8. Retrieved 28 July 2024. The following quotations (apart from the last one) come from a special issue of Science on 'Complex Systems' featuring many key figures in the field (Science 2 April 1999) [:] 8. 'In recent years the scientific community has coined the rubric 'complex system' to describe phenomena, structure, aggregates, organisms, or problems that share some common theme: (i) They are inherently complicated or intricate ...; (ii) they are rarely completely deterministic; (iii) mathematical models of the system are usually complex and involve non-linear, ill-posed, or chaotic behavior; (iv) the systems are predisposed to unexpected outcomes (so-called emergent behaviour).' (14, p. 410)
↑Weaver, Warren (1948). "Science and Complexity". American Scientist. 36 (4): 536–544. ISSN0003-0996. JSTOR27826254. PMID18882675.
123Simon, Herbert A. (1962). "The Architecture of Complexity". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 106 (6): 467–482. ISSN0003-049X. JSTOR985254.
↑Holland, John H. (2014). Complexity: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-966254-8. All CAS agents, whatever their particularities, have three levels of activity: 1. Performance (moment-by-moment capabilities) 2. Credit-assignment (rating the usefulness of available capabilities) 3. Rule-discovery (generating new capabilities).
↑Skrimizea, Eirini; Haniotou, Helene; Parra, Constanza (2019). "On the 'complexity turn' in planning: An adaptive rationale to navigate spaces and times of uncertainty". Planning Theory. 18: 122–142. doi:10.1177/1473095218780515. S2CID149578797.
↑Alan Randall (2011). Risk and Precaution. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-1-139-49479-3.
↑Pokrovskii, Vladimir (2021). Thermodynamics of Complex Systems: Principles and applications. IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK. Bibcode:2020tcsp.book.....P.
12Lever, J. Jelle; Leemput, Ingrid A.; Weinans, Els; Quax, Rick; Dakos, Vasilis; Nes, Egbert H.; Bascompte, Jordi; Scheffer, Marten (2020). "Foreseeing the future of mutualistic communities beyond collapse". Ecology Letters. 23 (1): 2–15. Bibcode:2020EcolL..23....2L. doi:10.1111/ele.13401. PMC6916369. PMID31707763.
↑ Cohen, JE; Briand, F.; Newman, CM (1990). Community Food Webs: Data and Theory . Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer. p. 308. doi : 10.1007/978-3-642-83784-5 . ISBN978-3-642-83786-9。
↑ Orlando, Giuseppe; Zimatore, Giovanna (2017年12月18日). 「実景気循環時系列におけるRQA相関」 . Indian Academy of Sciences – Conference Series . 1 (1): 35– 41. doi : 10.29195/iascs.01.01.0009 .
↑ Dorogovtsev, SN; Mendes, JFF (2003). Evolution of Networks . Vol. 51. p. 1079. arXiv : cond-mat/0106144 . doi : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515906.001.0001 . ISBN978-0-19-851590-6。
↑ Newman, Mark (2010). Networks . doi : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206650.001.0001 . ISBN978-0-19-920665-02023年2月4日にオリジナルからアーカイブされました。 2023年6月21日に取得。
↑ Battiston, Stefano; Caldarelli, Guido; May, Robert M.; Roukny, tarik; Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2016-09-06). "金融ネットワークにおける複雑性の代償" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 113 (36): 10031– 10036. Bibcode : 2016PNAS..11310031B . doi : 10.1073/pnas.1521573113 . PMC 5018742 . PMID 27555583 .
↑ Barrat, A.; Barthelemy, M.; Pastor-Satorras, R.; Vespignani, A. (2004). "複雑な重み付きネットワークのアーキテクチャ" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 101 (11): 3747– 3752. arXiv : cond-mat/0311416 . Bibcode : 2004PNAS..101.3747B . doi : 10.1073/pnas.0400087101 . ISSN 0027-8424 . PMC 374315 . PMID 15007165 .
さらに読む
LAN Amaralおよび JM Ottino、「複雑ネットワーク ― 複雑系研究の枠組みの拡張」、2004 年。