トイレ使用料

The following table summarizes state legislation and school guidelines regarding restroom access that either is currently in effect, or is still under deliberation with movement within the last year;

SB1、別名「アラバマプライバシー法」は、2016年にターゲット社が制定した包括的なトイレポリシーに対応して、2017年2月7日にアラバマ州上院議員フィル・ウィリアムズによって提出された。 ^{[ 120 ]}この法案が可決されれば、男女共用の公共トイレに係員を配置し、「トイレの適切な使用を監視し、利用者からの質問や懸念に答える」ことが義務付けられる。この法案は停滞し、採決には至らなかった。^{[ 121 ] [ 122 ]}

HB 322 was introduced on February 9, 2022. The bill's primary sponsor was Scott Stadthagen and "requires public K-12 schools to designate use of rooms where students may be in various stages of undress on the basis of biological sex". The bill passed on April 7, 2022, and was signed into law by Alabama Governor Kay Ivey on April 8, 2022.^[123][124]

Anchorage, Alaska, prohibited discrimination based on gender identity in 2015.^[125] In 2017, Alaska Family Action proposed a direct initiative bathroom bill that would have overturned protections for transgender individuals. Proposition 1 would have made it legal for "any employer, public accommodation, or other person to establish and enforce sex-specific standards or policies concerning access to intimate facilities such as locker rooms, showers, changing rooms, and restrooms." The measure defines the term sex as "An individual's immutable biological condition of being male or female, as objectively determined by anatomy and genetics at the time of birth."^[126] Voters rejected the bill in April 2018.^[127]

A 2013 proposed amendment to Arizona bill S.B. 1432 would have allowed police to demand identification from anyone suspected of using the 'wrong' public bathrooms or showers, meaning the facilities assigned to the sex not matching the sex on their birth certificate. If found guilty, a person would have been subject to up to six months in jail and a $2500 fine under a disorderly conduct charge.^[128][129] The proposal was withdrawn by its sponsor, John Kavanagh.^[130][131]

Kavanagh introduced S.B. 1040 on January 31, 2023, which requires public schools to provide separate accommodations to a person who is "unwilling or unable" to use a bathroom which matches their "immutable biological sex as determined by anatomy and genetics at the time of the person's birth." Additionally, a student who encounters a person of the opposite sex in a restroom may have a cause of action against the school and may sue to "recover monetary damages for all psychological, emotional and physical harm suffered."^[132][133] Governor Katie Hobbs vetoed the bill on June 8, 2023.

HB1156 was introduced by Rep. Mary Bentley on January 17, 2023. It requires public schools to provide reasonable accommodation for an individual who is "unwilling or unable" to use a bathroom designated for the individual's sex, where sex is defined as "the physical condition of being male or female based on genetics and physiology". A public school may be sued if a student encounters a member of the opposite sex in the bathroom who received permission to be there from the school, and fines may be assessed for superintendents, principals, and/or individual teachers by the Professional Licensure Standards Board. The House approved the bill on an 80–10 vote on February 1, 2023.^[134][135]

SB270 was introduced by lead sponsor John Payton and primary sponsor Cindy Crawford on February 15, 2023, to amend the criminal offense of sexual indecency with a child to include a person "exposing his or her sex organs to a minor of the opposite sex" in a bathroom, or entering a bathroom "that is assigned to persons of the opposite sex while knowing a minor of the opposite sex is present". The penalty for violating this law includes up to a year in jail and up to a $2,500 fine.^[135][136]

After being pulled back to committee on March 2, 2023^[137] as the result of a speech by Sen. Clarke Tucker,^[138] the bill was revised, resubmitted, and passed the senate on March 7, waiting for house deliberation on March 9.^[137]

AB 1266, also known as the "School Success and Opportunity Act", was introduced by Assemblyman Tom Ammiano on February 22, 2013. It requires that pupils be permitted to participate in sex-segregated school programs, activities, and use facilities consistent with their gender identity, without respect to the gender listed in a pupil's records. AB 1266 was approved by Governor Brown on August 12, 2013. A campaign to overturn AB1266 led by Frank Schubert failed to garner enough signatures to appear on a ballot the following year.^[139]

On Sept 19, 2014 Governor Brown vetoed 2 potty parity bills, SB1350 and SB1358 introduced by senators Ricardo Lara and Lois Wolk. These bills would have required changing stations in public bathrooms to be accessible to both men and women. Brown cited too many regulations as a rationale for his vetos.^[140]

AB 1732, also known as the "Equal Restroom Access Act", was authored by Assembly Member Phil Ting and signed into law by Governor Jerry Brown on September 29, 2016, after approval by the Assembly and Senate. The law made California the first state in the US to require all single-occupancy public toilets to be gender-neutral beginning March 1, 2017.^{[141][142][143][144]} This includes California schools, government buildings, businesses and public toilets.^[145] Legislation has also been proposed in California that "requires...private buildings open to the public, as specified, to maintain at least one safe, sanitary, and convenient baby diaper changing station that is accessible to women and men".^{[146][147][148][149]} Since California passed AB 1732, states like New York, Vermont, New Mexico, the District of Columbia and several other jurisdictions have followed suit.^[150][151]

SB 760 was introduced by State Sen. Josh Newman on February 17, 2023. The law requires all K-12 schools to provide access to gender-neutral bathrooms during school hours.^[152][153]

In Colorado, in February 2015, a bill died in committee that proposed banning transgender people from using changing rooms of their gender identity.^[154] This bill would have prevented discrimination lawsuits against facility managers who chose to deny entry into facilities to transgender people.

A bathroom bill was introduced in Florida in the spring of 2015 as H.B. 583 by Representative Frank Artiles.^[155][156] Artiles complained that, under laws protecting transgender use of restrooms, "A man such as myself can walk into the bathroom at LA Fitness while women are taking showers, changing, and simply walk in there." His bill would have made it illegal for transgender people to use bathrooms corresponding to their gender identity in restaurants, workplaces, or schools. The consequences would be up to a year in jail and a $1,000 fine.^{[157][158][159]} Proponents claimed that the bill was designed to prevent "assault, battery, molestation, rape, voyeurism, and exhibitionism".^[2] Opponents claimed that the only purpose was to be "discriminatory" and to "criminalize [transgender people] for simply going about their daily lives".^[160] The bill went through two House committees, but did not pass.^[161] There were no further bathroom bills filed in the Florida state legislature in 2015 or 2016, but organizations like Equality Florida said in 2017 that they were preparing for the possibility of future bills.^[156]

In March 2026, Idaho lawmakers approved legislation that would make it a misdemeanor offense for individuals to use bathrooms or changing rooms that do not correspond to their sex assigned at birth in places of public accommodation, including private businesses or facilities that serve the public.^[162][163]

In January 2021, Indiana State Senator Bruce Borders introduced a Bill to the Senate that would make it a Class-B Misdemeanor for any person to use a bathroom or locker-room that did not correlate with their birth sex.^[164]

In 2016, the Kansas legislature introduced a "bathroom bill" that was nearly identical to the ADF's model "bathroom bill" legislation. The bill died after public protests over the legislation's provision allowing students to sue their school if they encountered a transgender person in a bathroom or locker room.^[110][112]

A 2023 Kansas law shields government agencies and schools from lawsuits if they prohibit transgender women from using women's bathrooms, but does not mandate restrictions.^[165]

In January 2026, the Kansas state legislature passed a bill requiring restrooms in government buildings to be restricted to those of the corresponding assigned sex.^[166] Governor Laura Kelly vetoed the bill the following month.^[167] However, just 3 days after the veto, a House Motion to override veto prevailed, leading to the passing of Kansas Senate Bill 244. The House vote was 87 yeas and 37 nays. All Republican representatives voted yea, and all Democratic reps - save for Valdenia Winn, who was not present - voted nay. The bill states that it would require "the designation of multiple-occupancy private spaces in public buildings for use by only one sex and imposing criminal and civil penalties for violations, defining the term 'gender' to mean biological sex at birth for purposes of statutory construction...".^[168] The bill would also apply to 'multiple-occupancy private spaces,' which includes spaces like restrooms, hospital rooms, dorm rooms, domestic violence shelters, and more.^[169] With the passing of the bill, individuals who violated it may be charged with misdemeanor with jail time and/or fine. Those who violate the law would receive no penalty on first violation, but a penalty of $1,000 for a second violation. They could be charged with a misdemeanor crime on a third violation. Potentially large penalties for public agencies that don’t comply with the law are also set. Such penalties may include fines of $25,000 for a first violation and $125,000 for a second violation.^[170]

A 2015 proposal in Kentucky, also based on the ADF model legislation,^[110] would have allowed students to sue their school if they encountered transgender students using the bathroom corresponding to the gender with which they identify. It would have allowed transgender students instead to request special accommodations, including access to single-stall or faculty restrooms.^[171][172] On February 27, 2015, the bill S.B. 76 passed in the Kentucky Senate,^[173] but it did not pass the Kentucky House.^[155]

The "Women's Protection Act," House Bill 608 codified the definition of "man" and "woman" and restricts the use of restrooms in public schools, domestic violence shelters, and correctional and juvenile detention centers to only those whose sex matches matches what was assigned at birth.^[174]

In 2016, Massachusetts prohibited discrimination based on gender identity in sex-segregated facilities. The law was called "An Act Relative to Transgender Anti-Discrimination."

To address criticism that a man could insincerely claim to be a transgender woman to gain access to a bathroom for the purpose of looking at women inside, the law included a provision prohibiting assertion of a gender identity for an "improper purpose". (In addition to being charged for merely being present, he could be charged for the separate crimes of assault, harassment or "peeping Tom" offenses.

A study of Massachusetts cities that enacted a similar ban in the two years before the 2016 statewide nondiscrimination law took effect found it had no impact on the rate of bathroom crimes, which were rare to begin with.^[175]

In the November 6, 2018 election, voters were asked whether to repeal this law. The Massachusetts Gender Identity Anti-Discrimination Initiative appeared on the ballot as "Question 3". This was the first time such a question was put to voters at the state level. The existing nondiscrimination law was upheld by approximately 1.76 million votes for and 834,000 votes against.^[176]

A bathroom bill was introduced in Minnesota in 2016. It was a word-for-word copy of the ADF's model legislation.^{[155][177][110]}

House Bill 1258 was introduced in 2016, but did not make any progress.^[178] It would have charged any person who "lewdly and willfully exposed his person, or private parts thereof" with a misdemeanor.^[179] Notably, an exception was explicitly made for transgender people who had taken HRT for a period of at least 12 months, requiring such persons to be able to provide written proof from a doctor.

Two bathroom bills were introduced in Missouri in 2017.^[180]

On March 19, 2015, Victoria Dooling, a Nevada state representative, proposed a bathroom bill that would apply to public schoolchildren in the state.^[181] It later died in committee.^[182]

In March 2019, a bill passed both houses of the New Mexico Legislature (House vote 54-12 and Senate vote 23–15) to explicitly allow gender-neutral bathrooms. The bill was signed into law by the Governor within the same month and went into effect on July 1, 2019.^[183]

On March 7, 2016, Mayor Bill de Blasio signed an Executive Order requiring that all New York City municipalities make available to the public and their employees a single-sex facility consistent with their gender identities. Individuals using these facilities would not need to show any identification or medical documentation to verify their gender.^[184]

The New York State Legislature, in July 2020, passed a bill to implement gender-neutral bathrooms within all single occupancy public toilets across the state.^[185]

The Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act became law in North Carolina in 2016, although portions of the measure were later repealed in 2017 as part of a compromise between the Democratic governor and Republican-controlled Legislature, and the remaining provisions were sunset in 2020.^[186]

On March 23, 2016, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory (R) signed the Act (commonly known as House Bill 2) into law. The law states that in government buildings, individuals (such as students at state-operated schools) may only use restrooms and changing facilities that correspond to the sex identified on their birth certificates. Transgender persons born in North Carolina can obtain modified birth certificates on which their sex is different from what was originally identified at the time of their birth, but only if they have undergone sex reassignment surgery.^[187] For those born in other places, the ability to change the sex listed on a birth certificate is governed by their place of birth (which may have substantially different requirements, and in some cases may not allow such changes).^[187]

The law also overturns an LGBT anti-discrimination ordinance that had been passed by Charlotte, North Carolina, prevents local governments in the state from enacting similar ordinances, and prevents cities from raising their minimum wages higher than that of the state.^[188]

On August 26, 2016, a U.S. District Court judge granted a preliminary injunction, preventing the University of North Carolina from enforcing the restroom provisions of the law.^[189]

On March 30, 2017, the legislature partially repealed House Bill 2, removing the restrictions on restroom use by transgender individuals. The compromise agreement was criticized by both LGBT rights groups and conservatives.^[190]

On May 25, 2022, Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt signed Oklahoma Senate Bill 615 into law that requires students at public charter schools and public schools to use locker rooms and bathrooms that match the sex listed on their birth certificate.^[191]

In April 2016, senator Lee Bright brought a bill (S. 1203) to the South Carolina Senate, that was essentially the same as North Carolina's HB2.^[192] The bill would block local governments from passing anti-discriminatory ordinances such as the use of public bathrooms by gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender individuals.^[192] Bright's bill would maintain that public bathrooms be used in accordance to "biological sex".^[192] An online poll taken from a news site stated that 75% of voters did not think the bill was necessary.^[192] The legislation failed to meet the crossover deadline for bills to pass from one legislative chamber to the other.^[193]

In December 2016, a similar bill was introduced by representative Steven Wayne Long in the South Carolina House (H. 3012).^[194]

In May 2026, governor Henry McMaster signed House Bill 4756, "the South Carolina Student Physical Privacy Act,", which mandated that multiple-occupancy restrooms in public schools and colleges be single sex, defined as "biological sex observed or verified at birth". Trans students would be permitted to use single-occupancy restrooms or outdoor porta-potties.^[195]

On February 16, 2016, the South Dakota Senate voted 20–15 to approve a bathroom bill that, had it passed, would have been the first in the country to require public schoolchildren to use facilities that match the sex they were assigned at birth.^[196] South Dakota's bill was, according to ADF's legal counsel, based on the ADF's model bathroom bill legislation.^[111] On March 1, 2016, the governor of South Dakota, Dennis Daugaard, vetoed the bill.^[197] Early in the 2017 legislative session Republican Senator Lance Russell refiled the bathroom bill, but on January 30 he withdrew the bill because Daugaard again promised a veto.^[198]

On April 6, 2016, the Tennessee House Education Administration and Planning Committee, which is part of the Tennessee House of Representatives, approved a bathroom bill that would apply to public schools and colleges in the state and would require students to use a restroom that corresponds with their sex as identified at birth.^[1][199] Before the bill could proceed further, the house sponsor of the bill decided to delay its consideration for a year to allow for further investigation, citing concerns that it could interfere with Title IX funding.^[199] In 2017, the bill was re-introduced, but died in the Senate Education Committee.^[200]

In 2019, Tennessee governor Bill Lee signed into law legislation that modified the definition of indecent exposure to include acts committed in restrooms and locker rooms if they are designated for use by a single sex and the person committing the act is of the opposite sex (as assigned at birth). The original version of this legislation would have criminalized the mere act of a transgender individual entering a restroom opposite to their sex as assigned at birth, but this provision was eventually removed. Nevertheless, critics of the legislation were still concerned that the bill would be interpreted as condoning harassment of transgender individuals in bathrooms by others who find their presence objectionable.^[201]

A bill introduced to the Texas House of Representatives in March 2015 proposed that any student who encountered another student who does not identify with their "biological sex" in a shared restroom could be awarded $2,000 in damage reparations for "mental anguish". The school itself would also be liable for failing to take action against known transgender students using their gender identified restroom.^[202][203] An analysis by NBC News determined that the Texas bill was influenced by ADF's model legislation,^[110] which also proposes $2,500 in damages per encounter with a transgender person in a shared restroom.^[113]

Another bill, introduced to the Texas House in February 2015, suggested that anyone over the age of 13 years found to be in a public restroom of a gender not their own should be charged with a Class A misdemeanor, spend up to a year in jail, and face a $4000 fine.^[204] Under this proposed bill, building managers who repeatedly and knowingly allow transgender individuals to use the facility of their gender identity would also face a fine of up to $10,000.^[205]

Several bills were filed in both the regular legislative session and first special session of the Texas Legislature in 2017. Sponsored by State Senator Lois Kolkhorst and championed by Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick, the Texas Senate passed SB6 in the regular session and SB3 in the Special Session by a vote of 21-10 largely along party lines (Senator Eddie Lucio Jr. was the only Democrat to vote in favor of each bill). Neither bill went to the House floor for a vote (although SB6 received a hearing by the House's State Affairs committee). SB6 would have limited bathroom access based on the sex listed on one's birth certificate while SB3 would have allowed an individual to use the restroom listed on several state IDs as well (e.g. driver's license or concealed carry license).^[206][207]

Speaker of the Texas House Joe Straus voiced his opposition to the bills, citing the economic impact that North Carolina saw while HB2 was law. He was also quoted by a New Yorker article as saying, "I'm disgusted by all this. Tell the lieutenant governor I don't want the suicide of a single Texan on my hands."^[208]

In September 2018, Kolkhorst indicated that she would try again to pass similar legislation.^[209]

In September 2025, Texas Senate Bill 8 (SB 8), also known as the Texas Women's Privacy Act, passed the Texas Legislature and was signed by Governor Greg Abbott. The law, mandating that public multi-occupancy restrooms be strictly segregated by sex assigned at birth, went into effect on December 4, 2025.^[210][211]

On May 11, 2018, Vermont Governor Phil Scott signed a bill requiring all single-user public restrooms to be gender-neutral.^[212]

In 2016, Delegate Mark Cole sponsored House Bill 663, a bathroom bill restricting public restroom use according to a person's "anatomical sex", defined as "the physical condition of being male or female, which is determined by a person's anatomy", with violators liable for a civil penalty not to exceed $50. HB663 was introduced on January 11, 2016, and died in committee in February 2016.^[213] It was widely reported that HB663 would require adults to inspect the genitals of children before they were allowed to enter the appropriate facilities, but this was dismissed by Snopes as a misleading interpretation of the bill's text,^[214] which states that administrators "shall develop and implement policies that require every restroom ... that is designated for use by a specific gender to solely be used by individuals whose anatomical sex matches such gender designation."^[213] Cole sponsored House Bill 781 one day later on January 12, 2016, which used the same wording but substituted "biological sex" for "anatomical sex". The use of "biological sex" allowed for an update via amended birth certificate. HB781 also died in committee in February.^[215]

In early 2017, HB1612, proposed by Republican Bob Marshall would use the "born sex" to define which restroom, changing facility, or private area in government buildings was permitted for a given individual.^[216] HB1612 also stated that individuals that did not use the bathroom of their born sex would be subject to civil action. Additionally, HB1612 required school principals to inform the parents of a child if the child did not wish to identify as their born sex. The bill was killed in subcommittee on January 19, 2017.^[217]

A sexual assault in a high school bathroom in Loudoun County garnered national political attention in 2021, but claims that the perpetrator was transgender proved to be false.^[218]

In early 2015, SB 6548, which would prevent transgender individuals from using the bathroom associated with the gender with which they identify, was introduced in the senate but failed to pass.^[219] In December 2015, Washington State's Human Rights Commission enacted a rule that allowed transgender individuals to use bathrooms conforming with their gender identities. Early in 2016, a bill to overturn the ruling (SB 6443) was voted on in the state Senate, and defeated by a margin of 25–24.^[220] An attempt to put a state voter initiative on the November 2016 ballot, I-1515, failed to reach the number of signatures necessary to appear on the ballot.^[221] On December 5, 2016, a new bill, HB 1011, was pre-filed in the Washington State House. This bill would prevent transgender individuals from using a bathroom of their gender identity unless they have had sex-reassignment surgery, and would prevent local municipalities from enacting ordinances contradicting the directive.^[222]

In November 2015, Wisconsin held a hearing on a bathroom bill to require public schoolchildren to use facilities that match the sex they were assigned at birth. According to critics, the bill would also violate the federal government's Office for Civil Rights's 2014 statement that federal nondiscrimination law covered gender identity. The following month, the bill was revised to allow public schools to offer gender-neutral bathrooms.^[223][224]