Singapore's use of caning as a form of judicial corporal punishment became much discussed around the world in 1994[4] when a United States citizen, Michael Fay, was caned for vandalism.[5] Two of Singapore's neighbouring countries, Malaysia and Brunei, also use judicial caning.
American colonies judicially punished in a variety of forms, including whipping, stocks, the pillory and the ducking stool.[66] In the 17th and 18th centuries, whipping posts were considered indispensable in American and English towns.[67] Starting in 1776, George Washington strongly advocated and utilised judicial corporal punishment in the Continental Army, with due process protection, obtaining in 1776 authority from the Continental Congress to impose 100 lashes, more than the previous limit of 39.[68] In his 1778 Bill for Proportioning Crimes and Punishments, Thomas Jefferson provided up to 15 lashes for individuals pretending to witchcraft or prophecy, at the jury's discretion; castration for men guilty of rape, polygamy or sodomy, and a minimum half-inch (13mm) hole bored in the nose cartilage of women convicted of those sex crimes.[69] In 1781, Washington requested legal authority from the Continental Congress to impose up to 500 lashes, as there was still a punishment gap between 100 lashes and the death penalty.[70]The Founders believed whipping and other forms of corporal punishment effectively promoted pro-social and discouraged anti-social behavior. Two later presidents, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt, advocated judicial corporal punishment as punishment for wife-beating.[71]
In the United States, judicial flogging was last used in 1952 in Delaware when John P. Barbieri, a 30-year-old man who was convicted of beating a 59-year-old woman whom he mistook for someone else and had a prior conviction for beating his wife, received 20 lashes.[72] In Delaware, the criminal code permitted floggings until 1972.[73][74][75] One of the major objections to judicial corporal punishment in the United States was that it was unpleasant to administer.
Other countries
Public flogging of a woman by the Taliban in Afghanistan, early 2000s
↑"What US columnists say about Fay's caning". The Straits Times. Singapore. 8 April 1994. Archived from the original on 20 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
↑Wallis, Charles P. (4 March 1994). "Ohio Youth to be Flogged in Singapore". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
↑"Barbados: Current legality of corporal punishment". GITEACPOC. February 2009. Archived from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
↑Nomsa, Ndlovu (11 May 2006). "A village choking under crime". Mmegi. Gaborone. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
12"Laws of Tonga, Chapter 18". Retrieved 16 December 2016.
↑Swamber, Keino (1 June 2006). "Twelve strokes for sex with girl, 12". Trinidad Express. Port of Spain.
↑"Boy to receive 2 cane strokes". Sunday Mail. Harare. 21 May 2006.
12Iran Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2004, US Department of State.
12Finkel, David (24 November 2002). "Crime and Holy Punishment: In Divided Nigeria, Search for Justice Leads Many to Embrace Islamic Code". The Washington Post.
12Yemen State ReportArchived 20 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine, GITEACPOC, June 2007.
12"Indonesia's Aceh to Take Caning Indoors after backlash". The Associated Press. 13 April 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
↑"Afghan charity workers receive lashing, set free". Jakarta Post. Reuters. 8 April 1997.
↑S v Williams and Others[1995] ZACC 6at para. 10, 1995 (3) SA 632, 1995 (7) BCLR 861(9 June 1995), Constitutional Court (South Africa)
↑"Section 13: The abolition of JCP". Judicial Corporal Punishment in South Africa. World Corporal Punishment Research. 2005. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
↑"Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2009.
↑"Power to order flogging: Abolition approved in Committee". The Times. London. 12 December 1947.
↑"An Ancient Punishment – The Whipping Post Last Used in Cecil in 1940". 2 August 2008. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
↑"The Milwaukee Journal – Mar 3, 1964". Archived from the original on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
↑"The Canadian Prison Strap", World Corporal Punishment Research.
↑Garg, Rachit (19 December 2022). "Corporal punishment". iPleaders. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
↑"The Fall and Fall of Corporal Punishment", November 1999 Newsletter, EPOCH New Zealand.
↑"Australia: Judicial CP", World Corporal Punishment Research.
↑Thomas, Hedley (22 April 1994). "Patten may appeal for clemency on sentence". South China Morning Post. Hong Kong.
↑"Jamaican court abolishes flogging". CNN. 18 December 1998. Afterwards, in 2000, the UN Human Rights Committee found in case Osbourne v. JamaicaArchived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, concerning a whipping conducted in 1997, that corporal punishment constituted 'cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment contrary to article 7 of ICCPR' (Para. 9.1). A similar conclusion was reached in 2002 in case Higginson v. Jamaica No. 792/1998Archived 12 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
↑Bowry, Pravin (16 September 2003). "Changes in criminal law significant". Daily Nation. Nairobi.
↑"Parliament supports repeal of corporal punishment". Lusaka. Zana (Zambia News Agency). 13 November 2003.
↑Xing Bao (9 October 2003). "Citizen Cane". Shanghai Star.
↑"Judicial and Prison Flogging in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-century Germany", World Corporal Punishment Research.
↑"Old photographs of judicial floggings in Korea". World Corporal Punishment Research. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
↑"Penal Code 1809". The Early History of Data Networks. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
↑"La loi de l'époque". Les images d'autrefois du Vietnam. Retrieved 30 May 2009.