In 2020, Luxembourg became the first country to provide free public transport across its entire territory.[1]
Free public transport, often called fare-free public transit or zero-fare public transport, is public transport which is fully funded by means other than collecting fares from passengers. It may be funded by national, regional or local government through taxation, and/or by commercial sponsorship by businesses. Alternatively, the concept of "free-ness" may take other forms, such as no-fare access via a card which may or may not be paid for in its entirety by the user.
On 29 February 2020, Luxembourg became the first country in the world to make all public transport in the country (buses, trams, and trains) free to use.[2][3][4][5] On 1 October 2022, Malta made its public transport free on most routes, though unlike in Luxembourg, this applies only to residents.[6]
As some transit lines intended to operate with fares initially start service, the organisation may elect not to collect fares for an introductory period to create interest or to test operations.
Types
City-wide systems
Tallinn's residents voted for free public transportation on 24 March 2012. This polling place was in a historic tramway Gotha G4-61.
Several mid-size European cities and many smaller towns around the world have converted their public transportation networks to zero-fare. The city of Hasselt in Belgium is a notable example: fares were abolished in 1997 and ridership was as much as "13 times higher" by 2006.[7]Tallinn, the capital city of Estonia with more than 420,000 inhabitants, switched to free public transport in 2013 after a public vote.[8]
↑"Luxembourg becomes first country with free public transport". France 24. Luxembourg. 29 February 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
↑"Luxembourg makes public transport free". Deutsche Welle (DW). 29 February 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
↑Kirby, Paul (29 February 2020). "Free transport in Luxembourg, but what's the cost?". BBC News. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
↑Abnett, Kate (29 February 2020). "Luxembourg becomes first country to make public transport free". Reuters. Luxembourg. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
↑Calder, Simon (29 February 2020). "'Like the first step on the moon': Luxembourg makes history as first country with free public transport". The Independent. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
↑"Malta makes most public transport free". cities-today.com. 6 October 2022.
↑'10 jaar gratis openbaar vervoer' (tr. 10 years of free public transport) Archived 2008-10-20 at the Wayback Machine (in Dutch) on the city's official website
↑Shearlaw, Maeve (11 October 2016). "The Tallinn experiment: what happens when a city makes public transport free?". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
12345Beekman, Daniel (13 November 2023). "Clallam Transit will be latest of many WA systems to go fare-free". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
↑Kroman, David (1 September 2022). "Free transit starts today for most youths across WA". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
↑"Serbia's capital Belgrade to make public transport free". 18 December 2024.
↑ "Elevii din România vor avea Transport gratuit" [ルーマニアからの学生は無料の交通機関を利用できます]。Edu.ro (ルーマニア語)。ルーマニア: エデュカシエイ・ナショナーレ大臣。 2020 年 5 月 29 日。2022 年12 月 22 日に取得。
↑ HotNews.ro – Premiere in Romania: Municipiul Lugoj va avea Transport in comun gratuit ( tr. Premiere in Romania: Lugoj will have free public Transport )、 www.hotnews.ro
↑ "Vinerea Verde: 交通公共無償 în fiecare zi de vineri • Cluj-Napoca"。
↑ "Transport public GRATUIT pentru ploieşteni, până în 2015" [プロイェシュティ住民のための無料の公共交通機関、2015 年まで]。 2014 年 3 月 12 日。
↑ "VINEREA VERDE: de luna aceeasta, Transportul public în municipiu este gratuit, în fiecare vineri" [グリーンフライデー:今月から、市の公共交通機関は毎週金曜日に無料になります ] 。 2023 年 7 月 3 日。
↑ Viktor Chrást:( tr. Valašské Meziříčí は無料の公共交通機関を準備中、高速運転には罰金を支払う予定)、iDnes.cz、2017-04-19
↑ Ve Valašském Meziříčí bude městská hromadná doprava zdarma a pro všechny Archived 29 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine ( tr.Valašské Meziříčí では、公共交通機関は誰でも無料になります), Valašské Meziříčí, 2017-04-13
↑アレナ・シュラムコヴァ: MHD ザダルモ! Od nového Roku ( tr. 無料の公共交通機関! 新年以来)、Strakonický deník、2017-11-19
↑ Radek Štěpánek: Strakonice mají MHD zdarma pro všechny。 Je to Populismus、říká opozice (ストラコニツェには誰でも無料の公共交通機関がある。それはポピュリズムだ、野党は言う)、iDnes.cz、2018 年 12 月 1 日
↑ Pavel Křivohlavý: Lovosice zavedly MHD zdarma、chtějí tím snížit počet aut ve městě ( tr. Lovosice has 導入した無料の公共交通機関なので、市内の車の数を減らしたい)、iDnes.cz、2018-01-29
↑ Litoměřice budou mít MHD zdarma, stejně jako sousední Lovosice ( tr. Litoměřice will have free公共交通機関, as will隣接する Lovosice )、iDnes.cz、2018年2月3日
↑ Změny linek ČSAD Benešov, as ( tr. Changes to ČSAD Benešov, as )、projekt Zastávka/www.zastavka.net
↑ Lidé v Kolíně budou příští rok jezdit městsdou dopravou zdarma ( tr.コリンの人々は来年無料の公共交通機関に乗る予定です)、 Seznamzpravy.cz
1 2 3 "Transporte público grátis já exite em cidades brasileiras" [ブラジルの都市にはすでに無料の公共交通機関が存在します]。エンボルベルデ。 2013 年 6 月 17 日。2013 年6 月 22 日に取得。
1 2 3 "Transporte gratuito é realidade em cidades brasileiras" [ブラジルの都市では無料の交通機関が現実になっています]。遅刻。2013 年6 月 22 日に取得。
1 2 "Tarifa zero é possível: conheça cidades que têm Transporte público gratuito" [ゼロ料金も可能です: 無料の公共交通機関を備えた都市に適合します]。ブラジルのメトロポール。2013 年 6 月 23 日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2013 年6 月 22 日に取得。
↑ "Prefeitura de Potirendaba garantecircular gratuita para População " [ポティレンダバ県は国民に自由な流通を保証する]。プレフェイトゥラ・デ・ポティレンダバ。2013 年 10 月 29 日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2013 年10 月 25 日に取得。
↑ "Moura Júnior anuncia tarifa zero no Transporte público de Paulínia, SP" [ Moura Júnior、SP のパウリニアで公共交通機関の運賃ゼロを発表]。 G1。 2013 年 7 月 17 日。2013 年10 月 25 日に取得。
↑ "Fim do monopólio: Transporte público é gratuito em Maricá" [独占の終了: マリカの公共交通機関は無料]。プリフェイトゥラ デ マリカ。2016 年2 月 13 日に取得。
↑ "Tarifa zero: Transporte público é de graça em Muzambinho, MG" [ゼロ料金: ムザンビーニョ、MG では公共交通機関が無料]。 G1。 2013 年 6 月 24 日。2013 年10 月 25 日に取得。
↑ ""Tarifa zero" é realidade em alguns municípios pequenos do Brasil" [ 「関税ゼロ」はブラジルの一部の小規模自治体では現実である] . Gazeta do Povo . 2013 年10 月 25 日閲覧。
↑ " Transporte de tarifa zero completa um ano e meio de exitência " [運賃ゼロの輸送は 1 年半で完了しました]。 Prefeitura de Silva Jardim。2016 年 2 月 16 日のオリジナルからアーカイブ。2016 年2 月 13 日に取得。
↑ルーカス、ランディン (2022)。タリファ ゼロ: La financiación del Transporte gratuito en el Municipio de Vargem Grande Paulista、ブラジル(MPP)。チリ大学。
↑Hatfield, Tyler (11 November 2025). "ALL ABOARD! Martin County makes public transit free after commission approval". WPTV News Channel 5 West Palm. Retrieved 17 December 2025.
↑Armstrong, Jack. "MATA extends zero fare program another 90 days. What to know". The Commercial Appeal. Retrieved 2 May 2026.
↑Goldstein, Alexis (1 December 2025). "Free Buses Can Be a Reality — Just Look at Maryland". Truthout. Retrieved 5 December 2025. Montgomery County first made its "Ride On" buses free to all riders under 18 in 2019. Then on June 29, 2025, it made all of its buses fare-free for all passengers… In the three months since free fares were instituted, ridership has increased by 5.4 percent
↑McBride, Allison (2 July 2025). "Montgomery County makes all Ride On buses free for riders". FOX 5 DC. Retrieved 5 December 2025.
↑"Regional Public Transportation", Smarttransit.org, retrieved 23 November 2018
12"Q70 Bus to LaGuardia Is Free for All Starting May 1, Hochul Says". NBC New York. 27 April 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
↑"NYC officials assures New Yorkers new MTA fare-free bus program is 'not a pipe dream'". abc7ny.com. ABC 7 New York. 20 September 2023. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
↑Matteo, Mike (29 August 2024). "NYC fare-free bus pilot to end this weekend: What riders on Staten Island need to know". silive. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
↑Bashan, Yoni (3 April 2014). "Save Your Change: This Ride on New York's Roosevelt Island is Free". Wall Street Journal. ISSN0099-9660. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
1 2 Studenmund, AH; Connor, David (1982年7月)「無料公共交通実験」Transportation Research Part A: General . 16 (4): 261–269 . doi : 10.1016/0191-2607(82)90053-X .
↑ Doxsey, LB; Spear, BD (1981). "無料公共交通機関:いくつかの実証的知見" (PDF) . Transportation Research Record (799): 47–49 .
1 2 Brown, Jeffrey; Hess, Daniel Baldwin; Shoup, Donald (2003 年 9 月) 「大学における無料公共交通機関:評価」Journal of Planning Education and Research . 23 (1): 69– 82. doi : 10.1177/0739456X03255430 .