ジェームズ・ブライス、初代ブライス子爵

ジェームズ・ブライス、初代ブライス子爵、OM、GCVO、PC、FRS、FBA（1838年5月10日 - 1922年1月22日）は、イギリスの学者、法学者、歴史家、自由党の政治家でした。彼は法律、政府、歴史に関する幅広い知識を持つ権威であり、その専門知識によって高い政治的地位に就き、1907年から1913年まで駐米大使として成功を収めました。 ^{[ 1 ] [ 2 ]}彼は1880年に下院議員となり、1907年まで自由党からタワー・ハムレッツとサウス・アバディーンの選挙区を代表しました。彼の知的影響力は、アメリカ政治を深く研究した『アメリカ連邦』（1888年）で最も大きく、イギリスとアメリカにおけるアメリカに対する世論を形成しました。1895年には、中等教育に関する王立委員会の委員長を務めました。^{[ 3 ]}ブライスは貿易委員会の会長、駐米英国 特使、大使を務めた。歴史家のHALフィッシャーは彼を「ワシントンで英国を代表した中で最も成功した大使」と評した。^{[ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ]}

ブライスは、アルスター地方アントリム州ベルファストのアーサー・ストリートで、ホワイトアビーのジェームズ・ヤングの娘マーガレットと、ロンドンデリー州コールレイン近郊出身のジェームズ・ブライス（法学博士）の息子として生まれた。^{[ 7 ]}生後最初の8年間は祖父のホワイトアビーの邸宅で過ごし、静かで美しい海岸線で何時間も遊ぶことが多かった。アナン・ブライスは彼の弟である。^{[ 8 ]}彼は父親が教えていたグラスゴー・ハイスクールで教育を受け、その後1年間は叔父のルーベン・ジョン・ブライスのベルファスト・アカデミーで学んだ。^{[ 9 ]}そこからグラスゴー大学、そしてオックスフォード大学トリニティ・カレッジに進んだ。

He was elected a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, in 1862, without conforming to the Established Church, and may arguably be counted the first nonconformist college fellow at Oxford or Cambridge. He was called to the Bar, Lincoln's Inn, in 1867.^[10] His days studying at the University of Heidelberg under Vangerow gave him a long-life admiration of German historical and legal scholarship. He became a believer in "Teutonic freedom", an ill-defined concept that was held to bind Germany, Britain and the United States together. For him, the United States, the British Empire and Germany were "natural friends".^[11]

Bryce was admitted to the Bar and practised law in London for a few years^[12] but was soon called back to Oxford to become Regius Professor of Civil Law, a position he held from 1870 to 1893.^[13] From 1870 to 1875 he was also Professor of Jurisprudence at Owens College, Manchester.^[14][15] His reputation as a historian had been made as early as 1864 by his work on the Holy Roman Empire.^[16][17]

In 1872 Bryce travelled to Iceland to see the land of the Icelandic sagas, as he was a great admirer of Njáls saga. In 1876 he ventured through Russia and climbed Mount Ararat, one of the first climbers to do so, and was wrily amused to be thought the first man since Noah to stand atop the mountain. There is no truth in the notion that he believed that he had found a relic of the Ark.

In 1872 Bryce, a proponent of higher education, particularly for women, joined the Central Committee of the National Union for Improving the Education of Women of All Classes (NUIEWC).^[18]

In 1880 Bryce, an ardent Liberal in politics, was elected to the House of Commons as member for the constituency of Tower Hamlets in London. In 1885 he was returned for South Aberdeen and he was re-elected there on succeeding occasions. He remained a Member of Parliament until 1907.^[19]

Bryce's intellectual distinction and political industry made him a valuable member of the Liberal Party. As early as the late 1860s he served as Chairman of the Royal Commission on Secondary Education. In 1885 he was made Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs under William Ewart Gladstone but had to leave office after the Liberals were defeated in the general election later that year. In 1892 he joined Gladstone's last cabinet as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster^[20] and was sworn of the Privy Council at the same time.^[21]

In 1894 Bryce was appointed President of the Board of Trade in the new cabinet of Lord Rosebery,^[22] but had to leave this office, along with the whole Liberal cabinet, the following year. The Liberals remained out of office for the next ten years.

In 1897, after a visit to South Africa, Bryce published a volume of Impressions of that country that had considerable influence in Liberal circles when the Second Boer War was being discussed.^[13] He devoted significant sections of the book to the recent history of South Africa, various social and economic details about the country, and his experiences while travelling with his party.

In 1900 he introduced a Private Member's Bill to secure access for the public to the mountains and moorlands in Scotland.^[23]

The "still radical" Bryce was made Chief Secretary for Ireland in Prime Minister Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman's cabinet in 1905 and remained in office throughout 1906.^[10] Bryce was critical of three major social reforms proposed by this Liberal Government; old-age pensions, the Trade Disputes Act and the redistributive "People's Budget," which (according to one study) he regarded as making unwarranted concessions to socialism.^[24] Nevertheless, Bryce was regarded as a progressive figure, which one observer commenting) in reference to him being given a peerage in 1914) that

Of the whole membership of the Liberal party no man has more influence with the people of England than Lord Bryce. His support of any question pending will consequently be most valuable to the government and as he is a thorough radical, it is not likely that the government can produce anything particularly in the line of social reform that will not meet with his approval.^[25]

Bryce had become well known in America for his book The American Commonwealth (1888), a thorough examination of the institutions of the United States from the point of view of a historian and constitutional lawyer.^[13] Bryce painstakingly reproduced the travels of Alexis de Tocqueville, who wrote Democracy in America (1835–1840). Tocqueville had emphasised the egalitarianism of early-19th-century America, but Bryce was dismayed to find vast inequality: "Sixty years ago, there were no great fortunes in America, few large fortunes, no poverty. Now there is some poverty ... and a greater number of gigantic fortunes than in any other country of the world"^[26] and "As respects education ... the profusion of...elementary schools tends to raise the mass to a higher point than in Europe ... [but] there is an increasing class that has studied at the best universities. It appears that equality has diminished [in this regard] and will diminish further."^[27] The work was heavily used in academia, partly as a result of Bryce's close friendships with men such as James B. Angell, President of the University of Michigan and successively Charles W. Eliot and Abbott Lawrence Lowell at Harvard.^[28] The work also became a key text for American writers seeking to popularise a view of American history as distinctively Anglo-Saxon.^[29]The American Commonwealth contains Bryce's observation that "the enormous majority" of those American women he had spoken to opposed their own right to vote.^[30]

In February 1907 Bryce was appointed Ambassador to the United States.^[5][31] He held this office until 1913, and was very efficient in strengthening Anglo-American ties and friendship. The appointment, criticised at the time as withdrawing from the regular diplomatic corps one of its most coveted posts, proved a great success. The United States had been in the habit of sending, as minister or ambassador to the Court of St James's, one of its leading citizens: a statesman, a man of letters, or a lawyer whose name and reputation were already well known in the United Kingdom. For the first time the United Kingdom responded in kind. Bryce, already favourably regarded in America as the author of The American Commonwealth, made himself thoroughly at home in the country; and, after the fashion of American ministers or ambassadors in England, he took up with eagerness and success the role of public orator on matters outside party politics, so far as his diplomatic duties permitted.^[32]

He made many personal friends among American politicians, such as President Theodore Roosevelt. The German ambassador in Washington, Graf Heinrich von Bernstorff, later stated how relieved he felt that Bryce was not his competitor for American sympathies during the First World War, even though Bernstorff helped to keep the United States from declaring war until 1917.

Most of the questions with which he had to deal related to the relations between the United States and Canada, and in this connection he paid several visits to Canada to confer with the Governor General and his ministers. At the close of his embassy he told the Canadians that probably three-fourths of the business of the British embassy at Washington was Canadian, and of the eleven or twelve treaties he had signed nine had been treaties relating to the affairs of Canada. "By those nine treaties," he said, "we have, I hope, dealt with all the questions that are likely to arise between the United States and Canada questions relating to boundary; questions relating to the disposal and the use of boundary waters; questions relating to the fisheries in the international waters where the two countries adjoin one another; questions relating to the interests which we have in sealing in the Behring Sea, and many other matters." He could boast that he left the relations between the United States and Canada on an excellent footing.^[32]

1914年、大使を退任してイギリスに帰国したブライスは、ラナークシャー州デックマウントのブライス子爵として貴族に叙せられた。^{[ 33 ]}こうして彼は貴族院議員となったが、貴族院の権限は1911年議会法によって制限されていた。

ドイツの学問と密接な関係を持っていた他のイギリスの学者たちと同様に、彼は1914年7月下旬にはドイツとの戦争の可能性を考えることに消極的だったが、ベルギーの中立の侵害とドイツ軍がベルギーで犯した残虐行為の報道により、彼はすぐに国民感情に同調するようになった。^{[ 32 ]}第一次世界大戦の勃発後、ブライスはHHアスキス 首相から、ベルギーにおけるドイツの残虐行為を記述した「ブライス報告書」として知られる報告書の執筆を依頼された。この報告書は1915年に発表され、民間人に対するドイツの行為を非難するものであった。^{[ 34 ]}ブライスの記述は、ベルギー救援アメリカ委員会のディレクターであるヴァーノン・ライマン・ケロッグによって裏付けられ、ケロッグはニューヨーク・タイムズ紙に、ドイツ軍が数十万人のベルギー人労働者を奴隷にし、その過程で多くの人々を虐待し、傷つけたと語った。^{[ 35 ]}

ブライスは、主に1915年にオスマン帝国で起きたアルメニア人虐殺を強く非難した。ブライスは、1915年7月に貴族院でこの問題について発言した最初の人物である。その後、歴史家のアーノルド・J・トインビーの協力を得て、虐殺の記録文書を作成し、 1916年に英国政府によってブルーブックとして出版された。1921年、ブライスは、アルメニア人虐殺によってオスマン帝国のアッシリア人の人口の半分も犠牲になり、同様の残虐行為が彼らにも行われたと書いた。^{[ 36 ] [ 37 ]}

モートン・ケラー によれば：

ブライスは、自由貿易、言論と出版の自由、個人の自由、責任あるリーダーシップといった、ジョン・ブライトやウィリアム・グラッドストンの19世紀の古典的な自由主義を信じていた。この人当たりの良い社交的な人物には憎むべきものがあり、中でも非自由主義的な政権、すなわちブルガリア人とアルメニア人を抑圧したトルコ、そして後に第一次世界大戦におけるドイツ皇帝の帝国が主な憎悪の対象であった。^{[ 38 ]}

Bryce was also a leader in promoting international organizations, most notably the League of Nations.^[39][40]

Bryce had an interest in current democratic practices, as seen in his Modern Democracies (1921); a comparative study of the working of popular government in France, Switzerland, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.^[32]

Although a believer in social justice, Bryce was concerned about growing state power, as he noted in one study:

Our times have seen a growing desire to improve the conditions of the poorer classes, providing better houses and other health-giving conditions, fixing the hours of labour, raising wages, enacting compulsory methods for settling labour disputes. There is a wish to strike at the power of corporate wealth and monopolistic combinations by handing over large industries, or the means of transportation, or such sources of national wealth as coal and iron, to the State to be managed by it for the common benefit. There is also a passion for moral reform conspicuous in the effort to forbid the use of intoxicants. In these and other similar directions the power of the State seems to open the most direct way to the attainment of the aims desired. But every enlargement of the sphere of State action narrows the sphere left to the will of the individual, restricting in one way or another his natural freedom. So long as the people were ruled by a small class, they distrusted their rulers, and would have regarded administrative interference in many of the matters enumerated as a reduction of their liberty. But this jealousy of the State vanished when the masses obtained full control of the government. The administration is now their own: their impatience desires quick returns. "Why," they say, "should we fear government? Why not use it for our benefit? Why await the slow action of ameliorative forces when we can set the great machine to work at full speed?" These tendencies have during the last half-century gained the upper hand, and have discredited, without refuting, the laissez-faire doctrine which had held the field of economic thought since the days of Adam Smith. They seem likely to keep the ground they have won. Regulative legislation may reduce the freedom of workmen and of employers, may take great departments of industry out of private hands, may impose new obligations and proscribe old forms of pleasure.^[41]

Bryce did, however, write admiringly of social progress made in various nations he visited such as Australia, praising what he saw as the latter’s high level of development:

手作業労働者、事務員、店員、経済的に恵まれない人々は皆教育を受けている。非識字は事実上存在しない。ほとんど全員がヨーロッパでいうところの裕福な生活を送っており、つまり、ごく少数の都市のスラム街を除いて（わずかではあるが急速に減少している）、十分な食料と住居を得ている。「搾取」労働は廃止され、貧困は存在しない。絶望的に倹約家でないか、酒に溺れている人以外は、誰も困窮することはない。かつて深刻な悪弊であった酩酊も、近年大幅に減少している。^{[ 42 ]}

同様に、ニュージーランドの民主的統治の成果を評価するにあたり、ブライスは、彼が調査を行った時点でニュージーランドが到達していた発展レベルについて肯定的に記述している。

総資産は3億8700万ポンドと計算され、20歳以上の人の平均資産は604ポンドと推定されているが、億万長者はおらず、イギリスやアメリカの基準で言えば裕福な人もごくわずかである。多くの職人は自分の住む家を所有している。どの階級も生活の限界にまで落ちぶれることはなく、旅行者は上陸した瞬間から、生活の経済的プレッシャーが軽いと感じる。^{[ 43 ]}

ブライスは女性参政権に反対しており、1918年の選挙で自由党が敗北した原因は女性参政権にあると主張した。1919年11月21日付の手紙の中で彼は次のように述べている。

我々は推測するしかないが、女性参政権が自由党の大敗に大きく関係していたのではないかと考えている。女性たちの6分の5は政治について何も知らないが、ロイド・ジョージは戦争に勝利し、ドイツ皇帝を処刑すると聞かされていたので、彼らにとって意味のある存在だった。労働党も、賃金の上昇や老齢年金の増額などが約束されていたので意味があったが、自由主義は全く意味を持たなかった。現政権、特にその指導者に対する信頼は皆無であり、政権は反対派の弱さと連立政権メンバーから与えられた約束に固執している。選挙はまだ1年以上先になるかもしれない。常識と階級間の友好関係を取り戻すには、ロシアにおけるボルシェビズムの崩壊が最善策のように思える。ボルシェビズムの存続は、この国で狂気じみた思想を助長し、労働者階級の大部分を蝕んでいる。世界はまだ正気を取り戻していない。^{[ 44 ]}

Bryce received numerous academic honours from home and foreign universities. In September 1901, he received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Dartmouth College,^[46] and in October 1902 he received an honorary degree (LLD) from the University of St Andrews,^[47] and in 1914 he received an honorary degree from Oxford.^[32] He became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1894.^[48]

In earlier life, he was a notable mountain climber, ascending Mount Ararat in 1876, and published a volume on Transcaucasia and Ararat in 1877; in 1899 to 1901, he was the president of the Alpine Club.^[13] From his Caucasian journey, he brought back a deep distrust of Ottoman rule in Asia Minor and a distinct sympathy for the Armenian people.^[49]

In 1882, Bryce established the National Liberal Club, whose members, in its first three decades, included fellow founder Prime Minister Gladstone, George Bernard Shaw, David Lloyd George, H. H. Asquith and many other prominent Liberal candidates and MP's such as Winston Churchill and Bertrand Russell.^[50][10] In April 1882 Bryce was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society.^[51] He was elected an International Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1893 and an International Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1895.^[52][53]

In 1907 he was made a Member of the Order of Merit by King Edward VII,^[54] At the King's death, Bryce arranged his Washington Memorial Service.^[55] At the time of Bryce's memorial service at Westminster Abbey, his wife, Elizabeth, received condolences from King George V, who "regarded Lord Bryce as an old friend and trusted counsellor to whom I could always turn."^[56][57]Queen Victoria had said that Bryce was "one of the best informed men on all subjects I have ever met".^[58][59] In 1918 he was appointed GCVO.^[32]

Bryce was president of the American Political Science Association from 1907 to 1908. He was the fourth person to hold this office.^[60] He was president of the British Academy from 1913 to 1917.^[10] In 1919 he delivered the British Academy's inaugural Raleigh Lecture on History, on "World History".^[61][62]

Bryce chaired the Conference on the Reform of the Second Chamber in 1917–1918.^[63]

Bryce married Elizabeth Marion, daughter of Thomas Ashton and sister of Thomas Ashton, 1st Baron Ashton of Hyde, in 1889. Lord and Lady Bryce had no children.^[64]

Bryce died while on holiday on 22 January 1922, aged 83, of heart failure in his sleep at The Victoria Hotel, Sidmouth, Devon, on the last of his lifelong travels. The viscountcy died with him. He was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium, following which his ashes were buried near to his parents at Grange Cemetery, Edinburgh.^[65][10]

Executors of his will included his brother-in-law, Charles Lupton.^[66]

Lady Bryce is recalled in the memoirs of Captain Peter Middleton, grandfather of Catherine, Princess of Wales who wrote, "Nor will I forget my terror of Lady Bryce", who was the aunt of his mother's first cousins, sisters Elinor and Elizabeth Lupton.^[67][68]

Lady Bryce died in 1939. Her papers are held at the Bodleian Library.^[69]

There is a large monument to Viscount Bryce in the southwest section of the Grange Cemetery in Edinburgh, facing north at the west end of the central east–west avenue. His ashes are buried there.^[10]

There is a bust of Viscount Bryce in Trinity Church on Broadway, near Wall Street in New York. A similar bust is in the U.S. Capitol Building and there is a commemorative Bryce Park in Washington DC.

In 1965 the James Bryce Chair of Government was endowed at the University of Glasgow. "Government" was changed to "Politics" in 1970.^[70]

In 2013 the Ulster History Circle unveiled a blue plaque dedicated to him, near his birthplace in Belfast.^[71]

On the occasion of the 160th anniversary of Bryce's birth, a small street off of Baghramyan Avenue in Yerevan, Armenia was named "James Bryce Street" in 1998.^[72]

• The Holy Roman Empire (1 ed.). Oxford, and London and Cambridge: T. & G. Shrimpton and Macmillan. 1864 – via Google Books.revised edition 1904, many reprints.^[73]
• Report on the Condition of Education in Lancashire, 1867
• The Academical Study of the Civil Law - An Inaugural Lecture Delivered at Oxford, February 25, 1871. London and New York: Macmillan. 1971. hdl:2027/mdp.39015062374643. Retrieved 28 October 2025– via HathiTrust.via Google Books
• The Trade Marks Registration Act, with Introduction and Notes on Trade Mark Law, 1877
• Transcaucasia and Ararat: Being Notes of a Vocation Tour in the Autumn of 1876. London: Macmillan and Co. 1877. Retrieved 1 November 2025– via Google Books.4th ed. 1896
• The American Commonwealth. 1888 – via Internet Archive.^{[ 74 ]}第1巻、第2巻、第3巻
• ウィリアム・グラッドストン：人間および政治家としての彼の特徴。ニューヨーク：センチュリー社、1898年。 2025年11月1日取得–インターネットアーカイブ経由。
• 南アフリカの印象。ロンドン：マクミラン社。1898年。 2025年10月29日、インターネットアーカイブ経由で取得 。
• 歴史と法学の研究。第 1巻。ニューヨーク州フリーポート、Books for Libraries Press。1901年-インターネットアーカイブ経由。第2巻
• 現代伝記研究。ニューヨーク、ロンドン：マクミラン。1903年-インターネットアーカイブ経由。^{[ 75 ]}
• 良き市民となるための障害。ニューヘイブンおよびロンドン：イェール大学出版局およびヘンリー・フロウド、オックスフォード大学出版局。1909年–インターネットアーカイブ経由。トランザクション・パブリッシャーズより1993年に再版。ハワード・G・シュナイダーマンによる編集と新たな序文付き。
• 南アメリカ：観察と印象。ニューヨーク：マクミラン。1912年。 2025年10月29日取得–インターネットアーカイブ経由。
• 大学および歴史に関する講演集：英国大使として米国滞在中に発表されたもの。ニューヨーク：マクミラン。1913年。 2019年3月12日、インターネットアーカイブ経由で取得 。
• ジェームズ・ブライス、フレデリック・ポロック、エドワード・クラーク、ケネルム・エドワード・ディグビー、アルフレッド・ホプキンソン、HAL・フィッシャー、ハロルド・コックス（1915）。英国政府により任命され、ブライス子爵（OM）ほかが議長を務めた、ドイツによるとされる暴行に関する委員会の報告書。ニューヨーク：マクミラン社。 2025年11月1日、インターネット・アーカイブ経由で取得 。
• オスマン帝国におけるアルメニア人の扱い 1915-16年。1916年-インターネットアーカイブ経由。
• 戦時中のエッセイと演説集。ニューヨーク、マクミラン社。1918年。
• 世界史 年次ローリー講演 - 1919年10月29日読了。ロンドン：英国学士院。1919年。 2026年2月12日取得。
• Modern Democracies. London and New York: The Macmillan Company. 1921 – via Internet Archive.Volume I, Volume II
• Memories of Travel. New York: Macmillan. 1923 – via Internet Archive.
• International Relations: Eight Lectures Delivered in the United States in August 1921. New York: The Macmillan Company. 1927. Retrieved 29 October 2025– via Internet Archive.

His Studies in History and Jurisprudence (1901) and Studies in Contemporary Biography (1903) were republications of essays.^[13]

• "Patriotism consists not in waving the flag, but in striving that our country shall be righteous as well as strong."
• "No government demands so much from the citizen as Democracy and none gives back so much."
• "Life is too short for reading inferior books."
• "Excessive anger against human stupidity is itself one of the most provoking forms of stupidity."

• Charles David Richards (2024) - Unsinkable (Film)

"A Wine of Wizardry" - Poem by George Sterling which Bryce indirectly made controversial.

• "Lord Bryce's Report on Turkish Atrocities in Armenia." Current History 5#2 (1916), pp. 321–34, online
• Auchincloss, Louis. "Lord Bryce" American Heritage (Apr/May1981) 32#3 pp 98–104.
• Barker, Ernest. "Lord Bryce" English Historical Review 37#146, (1922), pp. 219–24, online.
• Becker, Carl. "Lord Bryce on modern democracies." Political Science Quarterly 36.4 (1921): 663–675 online.
• Bradshaw, Katherine A. "The Misunderstood Public Opinion of James Bryce." Journalism History 28.1 (2002): 16–25.
• Brock, William Ranulf. "James Bryce and the Future." Proceedings of the British Academy (2002), Vol. 88, pp. 3–27.
• DeFleur, Margaret H. "James Bryce's 19th-Century Theory of Public Opinion in the Contemporary Age of New Communications Technologies." Mass Communication and Society 1.1-2 (1998): 63–84.
• Fisher, H.A.L. James Bryce (2 vol 1927); scholarly biography; vol 1 online
• Hammack, David C. "Elite Perceptions of Power in the Cities of the United States, 1880-1900: The Evidence of James Bryce, Moisei Ostrogorski, and Their American Informants." Journal of Urban History 4.4 (1978): 363–396.
• Hanson, Russell L. "Tyranny of the majority or fatalism of the multitude? Bryce on Democracy in America," in America Through European Eyes. British and French Reflections on the New World from the Eighteenth Century to the Present, ed by Aurelian Craiutu and Jeffrey C. Isaac (Penn State UP, 2009) pp. 213–36.
• Harvie, Christopher. "Ideology and Home Rule: James Bryce, A. V. Dicey and Ireland, 1880-1887." English Historical Review 91#359, (1976), pp. 298–314, online.
• Ions, Edmund. James Bryce and American Democracy, 1870–1922 (Macmillan, 1968). online
• Jones, H.S. Liberal Worlds: James Bryce and the Democratic Intellect (Princeton University Press, 2025)
• Jones, H.S., "The Owens College Extension of 1870-3: rethinking the origins of the civic university tradition in England", Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 100.2 (autumn 2024), 53–74
• Jones, Stuart. "James Bryce's Manchester: the politics of the remaking of Owens College, 1865-1875", in Manchester Minds: A University History of Ideas (Manchester University Press, 2024), 60–76
• Keller, Morton. "James Bryce and America," The Wilson Quarterly 124 (1988), pp. 86–95. online
• Lambert, Robert A.. "James Bryce: His Access Campaign in Scotland, His Legacy and His Critics." in Contested Mountains: Nature, Development and Environment in the Cairngorms Region of Scotland, 1880–1980 (White Horse Press, 2001), pp. 60–73, online.
• Lefcowitz, Allan B., et al. "James Bryce's First Visit to America: The New England Sections of His 1870 Journal and Related Correspondence." New England Quarterly 50#2, (1977), pp. 314–31, online.
• Lessoff, Alan. "Progress before modernization: Foreign interpretations of American development in James Bryce's generation." American Nineteenth Century History 1.2 (2000): 69–96.
• McCulloch, Gary. "Sensing the realities of English middle-class education: James Bryce and the Schools Inquiry Commission, 1865–1868." History of Education 40.5 (2011): 599–613.
• Maddox, Graham. "James Bryce: Englishness and Federalism in America and Australia." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 34.1 (2004): 53–69. online
• Monger, David. "Networking against Genocide during the First World War: the international network behind the British Parliamentary report on the Armenian Genocide." Journal of Transatlantic Studies (2018) 16#3, pp. 295–316.
• Pollard, A. F. (1923). "Lord Bryce and Modern Democracies". History. 7 (28): 256–265. JSTOR 24399968.
• Pombeni, Paolo. "Starting in reason, ending in passion. Bryce, Lowell, Ostrogorski and the problem of democracy." Historical Journal 37.2 (1994): 319–341.
• Posner, Russell M. "The Lord and the Drayman: James Bryce vs. Denis Kearney." California Historical Quarterly 50#3 (1971), pp. 277–84, online.
• Prochaska, Frank. Eminent Victorians on American Democracy: The View from Albion (Oxford University Press, 2012).
• Robbins, Keith. "History and politics: the career of James Bryce." Journal of Contemporary History 7.3 (1972): 37–52.
• Robbins, Keith G. "Lord Bryce and the First World War." Historical Journal 10.2 (1967): 255–278. online
• Seaman, John T. Jr. (2006). A Citizen of the World: The Life of James Bryce. London/New York. ISBN 978-1-84511-126-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Steinberg, Oded Y. (2018). "The Confirmation of the Worst Fears: James Bryce, British Diplomacy and the Armenian Massacres of 1894-1896". Études Arméniennes Contemporaines (11): 15–39. doi:10.4000/eac.1913.
• Steinberg, Oded Y. "Teutonism and Romanism: James Bryce's Holy Roman Empire." in Race, Nation, History: Anglo-German Thought in the Victorian Era (U of Pennsylvania Press, 2019), pp. 134–56, online.
• Tulloch, Hugh. James Bryce's 'American Commonwealth: The Anglo-American Background (1988).
• Wilson, Francis G. "James Bryce on Public Opinion: Fifty Years Later." Public Opinion Quarterly 3#3 (1939), pp. 420–35, online.
• Wilson, Trevor. "Lord Bryce's Investigation into Alleged German Atrocities in Belgium, 1914-15." Journal of Contemporary History 14#3, (1979), pp. 369–83, online.
• Wright, John SF. "Anglicizing the United States Constitution: James Bryce's Contribution to Australian Federalism." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 31.4 (2001): 107–130. online.

• Portraits of James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce at the National Portrait Gallery, London
• Works by James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce at the Internet Archive
• Works by James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by James Bryce
• James Bryce, Two Historical Studies: The Ancient Roman Empire and the British Empire in India; Diffusion of Roman and English Law Throughout the World (1914)Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
• Text of the Bryce report on German atrocities
• Viscount James BryceArchived 24 August 2023 at the Wayback Machine at The Online Library of Liberty
• James Bryce, preface to Shall This Nation Die?, by Joseph Naayem, New York: 1921, quoted in Native Christians Massacred, The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians during World War I, 1.3 Genocide Studies and Prevention 326 (2006)
• Atrocities Cured Pacifist, The New York Times, 20 April 1918, at 11
• The American Commonwealth, with an Introduction by Gary L. McDowell (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1995). 2 Vols. See original text in The Online Library of LibertyArchived 24 August 2023 at the Wayback Machine.