A pet rat clearly showing the grid-like arrangement of the macrovibrissae on the face, and the microvibrissae under the nostrils. The supraorbital vibrissae above the right eye are also visible.
The mystacial whiskers can be roughly identified as macrovibrissae (long whiskers for feeling the space around the head) and microvibrissae (small, down-pointing whiskers for identifying objects).[13] Not only are these two types hard to distinguish on an animal's face (see for example the image of a rat here), there are similarly weak distinctions in how they are used, though the distinction is nonetheless referred to ubiquitously in scientific literature and is considered useful in analysis.
Many land mammals, including domestic cats, also have vibrissae on the underside of the leg just above the paws (called carpal vibrissae).[14] Whilst these five major groups are often reported in studies of land mammals, several other groups have been reported more occasionally; for instance nasal, angular, and submental whiskers.[15]
All the hairs of the manatee may be vibrissae.Macrovibrissae and supraorbital vibrissae of the common harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)
Marine mammals can have substantially different arrangements of their vibrissae. For instance, whales and dolphins have lost their snout whiskers and gained vibrissae around their blowholes,[16] whereas every single one of the body hairs of the Florida manatee may be a vibrissa (see image).[17] Other marine mammals, like seals and sea-lions, have head vibrissae just like those on land mammals (see image), although these groups function quite differently.
Vibrissal follicles have evolved other functions in dolphins, such as electroreception.
Some birds possess specialized hair-like feathers called rictal bristles around the base of the beak which are sometimes referred to as whiskers.
The whiskered auklet (Aethia pygmaea) has striking, stiff white feathers protruding from above and below the eyes of the otherwise slate-grey bird, and a dark plume which swoops forward from the top of its head. Whiskered auklets sent through a maze of tunnels with their feathers taped back bumped their heads more than twice as often as they did when their feathers were free, indicating they use their feathers in a similar way to cats.[60]
Some fish have slender, pendulous tactile organs near the mouth. These are often referred to as "whiskers", although they are more correctly termed barbels. Fish that have barbels include the catfish, carp, goatfish, hagfish, sturgeon, zebrafish and some species of shark.
The Pimelodidae are a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes) commonly known as the long-whiskered catfishes.
In pterosaurs
Anurognathid pterosaurs had a rugose (wrinkled) jaw texture that has been interpreted as the attachment sites for vibrissae,[61] though actual vibrissae have not been recorded.[62] More recently, a specific type of feathers has been found around anurognathid mouths.[63]
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↑Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Bristol Robotics Lab - Scratchbot". YouTube. 2009-07-01. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
↑Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "SCRATCHbot - A Rat like Robot". YouTube. 2011-09-15. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
↑Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Whiskerbot". YouTube. 2011-09-03. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
↑Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "A robot inspired by the Etruscan shrew called Shrewbot". YouTube. 2012-01-19. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
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