The reformed confessions of faith are the confessional documents of various Reformed churches. These express the doctrinal views of the churches adopting the confession. Confessions play a crucial part in the theological identity of reformed churches, either as standards to which ministers must subscribe, or more generally as accurate descriptions of their faith. Most confessions date to the 16th and 17th century.
Catechisms, canons, theses and other such documents may not be confessions per se, yet these still serve as symbols of the reformed faith.[1]
Confessions
The Belgic Confession.
Confessions state that church's beliefs in a full, while not exhaustive, way.
Continental Reformed
Confession of the East Friesland Preachers (1528)[2]:15
The presbyterians' Westminster was formed by an assembly of ministers called by parliament for use in the established churches of England and Scotland. For congregationalists, this was not the case. The difference in application of the congregationalists' primary confession, Savoy, is that it was written as a declaration of consensus, and as such it was not treated as morally binding upon church officers like Westminster for presbyterians[10] (called subscriptionism[11]).
Local congregational churches are historically formed around covenants (e.g. the Dedham Covenant), often unique to that church, another kind of confession.[1]
Though not produced by congregationalists, the Synod of Cambridge (1648) adopted the WCF without revision, only referring to their own Cambridge Platform regarding church government (ch. XXV., XXX., and XXXI)[12]
Baptist confessions, like the Congregationalists, are statements of agreement rather than enforceable rules. They "have never been held as tests of orthodoxy, as of any authoritative or binding force; they merely reflect the existing harmony of views and the scriptural interpretations of the churches assenting to them."[15]
Only confessional Particular Baptists regard themselves to be "Reformed", since orthodox and historic Reformed theology is inherently paedobaptistic. Part of the Baptist movement finds its origin in the nonconformist movement in England, observing Calvinistic theology with the Presbyterians and Congregationalists. Baptists subscribing to Calvinist soteriology are called Particular Baptists or Reformed Baptist. There are further subdivisions of Particular Baptists, such as Regular and Primitive.
Baptist churches, like the Congregationalists with whom they share views of polity, compose church covenants for the local congregation.[1]
These documents are less general in scope than a usual confession. They may confess that church's response to a theological controversy (e.g. the Canons of Dort) or seek to find common ground between discrete churches (e.g. the Consensus Tigurinus).
123"Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". ccel.org. § 2. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
123456789101112Rohls, Jan (1998) [1987]. Theologie reformierter Bekenntnisschriften[Reformed confessions: Theology from Zurich to Barmen] (in German). Translated by John Hoffmeyer. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN0-664-22078-9.
1234567Cochrane, Arthur C. (2003). Reformed Confessions of the Sixteenth Century. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN978-0-664-22694-7.
↑Schaff, Philip (ed.). "Creeds of Christendom, Volume I."ccel.org. § 41. Retrieved 2024-04-18. It is, to a certain extent, also the Confession of the Reformed and the so-called Union Churches, in Germany, namely, with the explanations and modifications of the author himself in the edition of 1540
↑Carson, D. A. (27 January 2015). Themelios, Volume 36, Issue 2. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 313. ISBN978-1-62564-954-6.
↑Scots Confession (1560). Confession of Faith Ratification Act (1560), (Acts of the Old Scottish Parliament). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aosp/1560/1.
↑"Confession of Faith: The Orthodox Presbyterian Church". opc.org. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
↑Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) (2004). "Book of Confessions, Confession of 1967"(PDF). Louisville, Kentucky: The Office of the General Assembly. pp.252–262. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2009-08-11. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
↑Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) (2004). "Book of Confessions"(PDF). Louisville, Kentucky: The Office of the General Assembly, Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2009-08-11. Retrieved 2023-11-13.
↑Davies, Horton (1948). The worship of the English Puritans. Internet Archive. Westminster [London]: Dacre Press. p.274.
↑"The Confessional Subscription Debate at Westminster Theological Seminary in California". opc.org. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
1234"Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". ccel.org. § 103. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
↑Bremer, Francis J.; Webster, Tom, Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2006, p. 354.
12"Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". ccel.org. § 102. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
1234"Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". ccel.org. § 105. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
↑Gribben, Crawford. The Puritan Millennium: Literature and Theology, 1550–1682 (Revised Edition), Wipf and Stock Publishers, USA, 2008, p. 252.
↑The 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith, Documents, Reformed.
↑Turnbull, Richard (15 July 2010). Anglican and Evangelical?. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp.45–. ISBN978-1-4411-1475-4.
↑Avis, Paul (2013). The Anglican Understanding of the Church: An introduction. SPCK. pp.65–. ISBN978-0-281-06815-9.
↑Earey, Mark (2013). Beyond Common Worship: Anglican Identity and Liturgical Diversity. SCM Press. pp.100–. ISBN978-0-334-04739-1.
↑Platten, Stephen; Woods, Christopher (2012). Comfortable Words: Polity, Piety and the Book of Common Prayer. Hymns Ancient and Modern. pp.142–. ISBN978-0-334-04670-7.
12"Reformed Confessions of the 16th and 17th Centuries in English Translation: Volume 2, 1552–1566". The Gospel Coalition. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
↑Muller, Richard A. (2004). "John Calvin and later Calvinism". In Bagchi, David; Steinmetz, David C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology. New York: Cambridge University Press. p.135. ISBN978-0-52177-662-2.
↑"Confession of Faith of the Calvinistic Methodists or the Presbyterians of Wales". Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved November 9, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
↑"Reformed Confessions of the 16th and 17th Centuries in English Translation: Volume 1, 1523–1552". The Gospel Coalition. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
↑Calvin, Jean; Reid, J. K. S. (John Kelman Sutherland) (1977). Calvin: theological treatises. Internet Archive. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. pp.56–72. ISBN978-0-664-24156-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
