| グロック | |
|---|---|
ノルウェー軍がP80の名称で採用した第一世代のグロック17 | |
| タイプ | |
| 原産地 | オーストリア |
| サービス履歴 | |
| 使用中 | 1982年~現在 |
| 使用者 | ユーザーを見る |
| 戦争 |
|
| 生産履歴 | |
| デザイナー | ガストン・グロック |
| 設計 | 1979–1982 |
| メーカー | グロック Ges.mbH |
| 生産 | 1982年~現在 |
| 建造数 | 2020年現在20,000,000 [5] |
| バリエーション | バリエーションを見る |
| 仕様 | |
| カートリッジ | |
| アクション | ショートリコイル、ロック式ブリーチ、ティルティングバレル(グロック25、28、44の場合はストレートブローバック) |
| 発射速度 | 1,100~1,400発/分(グロック18) |
| 銃口速度 | 375 m/s (1,230 ft/s) (グロック17、17C、18、18C) [6] |
| 有効射程距離 | 50メートル(55ヤード)(グロック17、17C、18、18C)[7] [8] |
| 給餌システム | 6、10、13、15、17、19、24、25、31、33、または40発[9] の取り外し可能なボックスマガジン、または50または100発[10]の取り外し可能なドラムマガジン |
グロック(ドイツ語: [ˈglɔk]、略称はGLOCK )は、オーストリアのメーカーGlock Ges.mbHが設計・製造した、ポリマーフレーム、短反動、ストライカーファイア、ロック式ブリーチを備えた半自動拳銃のブランドである。
この銃は信頼性と安全性のテストで最高の成績を収めた後、1982年までにオーストリアの軍隊と警察に配備されました。 [11]
グロックピストルは同社の最も収益性の高い製品ラインとなり、少なくとも48か国の国家軍、治安機関、警察に供給されている。[12]グロックは、レクリエーションや競技射撃、自宅や自己防衛、隠し持ちやオープンキャリーの両方で民間人の間で人気のある銃器でもある。[13]
歴史
同社の創設者で主任エンジニアのガストン・グロック (1929年 - 2023年)は、最初の拳銃であるグロック17の試作当時は銃器の設計や製造の経験がなかった。グロックは高度な合成ポリマーに関する豊富な経験を持っており、それがポリマーフレームを備えた最初の商業的に成功した拳銃シリーズの設計に役立った。[14]グロックは、金属製の銃部品の防錆表面処理として、フェライト窒化軟化法を銃器業界に導入した。[15]
発達
1980年、オーストリア軍は、第二次世界大戦時代のワルサーP38拳銃に代わる新しい近代的な軍用拳銃の入札を募集すると発表した。[11]オーストリア連邦国防省は、新世代の軍用拳銃の17項目の基準を策定した。その中には、自動装填式であること、NATO標準の9×19mmパラベラム弾を発射できること、弾倉は装填に補助手段を必要としないこと、衝撃、打撃、2メートル(6フィート7インチ)の高さから鋼板に落下しても偶発的に発射されないことなどが含まれていた。 [11]標準弾を15,000発発射した後、拳銃の摩耗が検査されることになっていた。その後、拳銃を使用して、5,000バール(500 MPa、73,000 psi)を発生する過圧試験用カートリッジを発射することになっていた。 [疑わしい–議論する] 9mmNATO弾の通常の最大作動圧力(Pmax )は2,520バール(252MPa; 36,500psi)である。 [16]
グロックはオーストリア軍の調達計画を知り、1982年に軍、警察、民間のスポーツ射撃界からヨーロッパを代表する拳銃の専門家チームを編成し、戦闘用ピストルに最も望ましい特性を定義した。[11] 3か月以内に、グロックは以前のピストル設計の実証済みのメカニズムと特性を組み合わせた実用的なプロトタイプを開発した。[17]さらに、計画では合成材料と最新の製造技術を広範に使用することになっており、グロック 17はコスト効率の高い候補となった。
グロック 17(同社が取得した17番目の特許であったためこの名が付けられた)[18]のいくつかのサンプルが1982年初頭に評価試験に提出され、徹底的な耐久性と乱用テストをすべてパスした後、グロックが勝者として浮上した。[19] [20] [21]オーストリア軍備防衛技術庁の元長官フリードリヒ・デシャントによると、グロックP80は性能、取り扱い、装填容量、価格の点で他の拳銃よりも明らかに優れていた。[22]
この拳銃は1982年にオーストリア軍と法執行機関にピストル80(P80)として採用され、[23]当初の発注数は2万5000丁であった。[17]グロック 17は、他の5つの老舗メーカーの8種類の拳銃よりも優れた性能を示した(ドイツのヘッケラー&コッホはP7M8、P7M13、P9Sを、スイスのSIGザウアーはP220とP226モデルで入札し、イタリアのベレッタはモデル92SB-Fを提出し、ベルギーのFNハースタルはブラウニングハイパワーの改良型を提案し、オーストリアのシュタイアーマンリッヒャーはGBで競争に加わった)。[24]
オーストリアの試験の結果は、西ヨーロッパや海外、特に米国で大きな関心を呼び起こした。米国では、 1970年代後半からM1911の後継銃を選択する同様の取り組み(統合小火器プログラムとして知られる)が進められていた。1983年後半、米国国防総省はグロック拳銃について問い合わせ、 非公式の評価のためにグロック17のサンプル4つを受け取った。[25]その後、グロックはXM9個人防衛用拳銃試験への参加を依頼されたが、国防総省の仕様では生産設備の大幅な改修と、非現実的な時間枠で35個のテストサンプルを提供することが求められるため辞退した。[25]
1983年から1985年にかけてノルウェーとスウェーデンで合同試験が行われた後、グロック17はノルウェーでP80として、1988年にはスウェーデンでピストル88 として採用され、NATOの耐久性基準をすべて上回った。[26] [27] [25]その結果、グロック17はNATOの標準分類のサイドアームとなり、 NATO在庫番号(1005-25-133-6775)が付与された。 [25] 1992年までに、約35万丁のピストルが45カ国以上で販売され、そのうち25万丁は米国で販売された。[23]
2013年から、イギリス軍は、重量とハイパワーの外部安全性に関する懸念から、ブローニングハイパワーピストルをグロック 17 Gen 4に置き換え始めました。 [28]イギリス軍は、ベレッタPx4ストーム、FN FNP、ヘッケラー&コッホP30、SIGザウアーP226、スミス&ウェッソンM&P、シュタイアーM9A1よりもグロック17 Gen 4を好み、R9GSPトライアルには、すべて9×19mmパラベラム弾を使用する19丁のピストルがエントリーされました。[29] [30]
フランス軍(FAF)は2020年にMAC Mle 1950と、それほどではないがPAMAS G1ピストルを、FAF専用に製造されたグロック 17 Gen 5モデルに置き換え始めた。 [31]フランス軍は、最終選定段階に残ったHS2000とCZ P-10よりもグロック17 Gen 5を好んだ。 [32]
製品の進化
グロックは生産の歴史を通じて基本設計を何度も更新してきました。
第一世代モデル

第一世代 (Gen 1) の Glock ピストルは、より滑らかな「ペブル仕上げ」のグリップと指溝のないフレームで最もよく知られています。Gen 1 のフレーム パターンとデザインは、1982 年から 1988 年まで Glock で使用されており、第二世代の Glock ピストルで使用されたチェッカー グリップ パターンよりも古いものです。 米国に最初に輸入された Glock 17 には、スライド、バレル、およびポリマー フレームの底面に挿入された小さな金属プレートに英数字 (2 文字のプレフィックスに続いて 3 つの数字) が刻印され、シリアル番号が付けられていました。 米国に最初に輸入された Glock 17 (シリアル番号別) は、 1986 年 1 月の AF000 シリーズで、その後 AH000、AK000、AL000 が続きました。[33]これらの初期のグロック (第1世代)ピストル(シリアル番号の接頭辞 AFからAM)は、全体の直径が小さく、銃身壁が薄い銃身で製造され、後に「ペンシル銃身」として知られるようになりました。これらの初期のグロック 17「ペンシル銃身」ピストルは、グロックコレクターの間では希少で非常に望ましいと考えられています。[独自の研究? ]銃身は後に銃身壁が厚くなるように再設計され、製造はグロックピストルのデザインを進化させ、改善し続けました。[34]
第一世代のグロックの多くは、象徴的な「タッパーウェア」スタイルのプラスチック製の箱に入れて出荷され、販売されました。最も初期のグロックの箱には、ピストルと一緒に17発の9mm弾を保管できる弾薬保管コンパートメントがありました。この箱のデザインは後にグロックによってBATF輸入要件を満たすために変更され、弾薬保管コンパートメントは削除されました。[34]
第2世代モデル

グロック ピストルの中期アップグレードでは、フロント ストラップとトリガー ガードにチェッカリングが追加され、バック ストラップにチェッカリングとセレーションが追加されました。1988 年に導入されたこれらのバージョンは、非公式に「第 2 世代」モデルと呼ばれていました。1991 年には、統合されたリコイル スプリング アセンブリが、元の 2 ピースのリコイル スプリングとチューブの設計に取って代わりました。マガジンは若干変更され、フロアプレートが変更され、ベースに抵抗インサートを備えたフォロワー スプリングが取り付けられました。[引用が必要]
第3世代モデル

1998年、フレームはピカティニーレールに似たアクセサリーレール(「ユニバーサルグロックレール」と呼ばれる)でさらに改造され、レーザーサイト、タクティカルライト、その他のアクセサリーを取り付けられるようになった。フレームの両側に親指置き、フロントストラップに指溝が追加された。これらのアップグレードを備えたグロックピストルは、非公式に(初期の)「第3世代」モデルと呼ばれています。後の第3世代モデルでは、さらに改良されたエキストラクターがチャンバーの装填インジケーターとして機能し、ロッキングブロックが拡大され、ロッキングブロックによって加えられるボルトの推力の分散を助けるためにクロスピンが追加されました。このクロスピンはロッキングブロックピンと呼ばれ、トリガーピンの上にあります。[35]
第3世代モデルのポリマーフレームは、黒、フラットダークアース、またはオリーブドラブのいずれかになります。さらに、非発射ダミーピストル(「P」 モデル)とリセットトリガー付きの非発射ダミーピストル(「R」 モデル)には明るい赤色のフレームが付いており、シミュレーションに適合した練習用ピストル(「T」 モデル)には識別しやすい明るい青色のフレームが付いています。[36]
2009年、グロック 22 RTF2(ラフテクスチャフレーム2)( .40 S&W 弾を使用する)が導入されました。このピストルは、グリップの周りに新しいチェッカリングテクスチャと、スライドの側面の後部に新しいスカラップ(魚のエラの形)の鋸歯状加工が施されていました。[37] [38] 17、 [39] 31、32、23、21、19など、既存のモデルの多くがRTF2バージョンで利用できるようになりました。これらのいくつかには魚のエラがありませんでした。 [独自の研究? ]
第4世代モデル


2010年のSHOTショーで、グロック社は「第4世代」を発表した。これは現在グロック社自身によって「Gen4」と呼ばれている。[40]改良点は人間工学とリコイルスプリングアセンブリーに集中した。発表された最初の2つの第4世代モデルは、それぞれ9×19mmパラベラムと.40 S&W弾を使用するフルサイズのグロック17とグロック22であった。ピストルは、改良されたざらざらした質感のフレーム、グリップのチェッカリング、異なるサイズの交換可能なバックストラップを装備して展示された。「Gen4」は、第4世代のピストルを識別するために、モデル番号の横のスライドに刻印されている。
第4世代グロックピストルの基本的なグリップサイズは、以前のデザインに比べてわずかに小さくなっています。標準のトリガーハウジングピンを取り外し、ミディアムまたはラージバックストラップを取り付けるために必要な長いクロスピンに交換するためのパンチが用意されており、トリガー距離が2 mm(0.079インチ)または4 mm(0.16インチ)増加します。ミディアムバックストラップを装着すると、グリップサイズは第3世代ピストルと同じになります。マガジンリリースキャッチは拡大されており、左利き用にリバーシブルです。[要出典]交換可能なマガジンリリース機能を使用するために、第4世代グロックマガジンにはマガジン本体の両側に切り込みが入っています。以前のバージョンのマガジンは、ユーザーがマガジンリリースボタンを左利きのユーザーが操作できるように移動した場合、Gen4ピストルにロックされません。Gen4マガジンは古いモデルでも使用できます。[41]
機械的には、第4世代のグロックピストルには、反動を軽減し、耐用年数を延ばすためにデュアルリコイルスプリングアセンブリが装備されています。グロック26やグロック30などの以前のサブコンパクトグロックモデルでは、すでにデュアルリコイルスプリングアセンブリを使用しており、これらのモデルの第4世代バージョンにも引き継がれました。スライドとバレルシェルフのサイズが変更され、ポリマーフレームの前部が幅広になり、内部が拡大され、デュアルリコイルスプリングアセンブリが収まるようになりました。トリガーメカニズムハウジングも、より小さなサイズのグリップスペースに収まるように変更されました。[42] [43] [44] [45] [46]
第4世代グロックピストルの導入は2010年7月に続き、グロック17とグロック22の小型版「コンパクト」であるグロック19とグロック23が小売店で販売されるようになった。[47] 2010年後半、グロックはグロック26とグロック27の「サブコンパクト」版で第4世代モデルの導入を続けた。
2013 年 1 月、毎年恒例の SHOT ショーで、Glock 20 Generation 4 やその他の第 4 世代 Glock モデルを含む、さらに多くの第 4 世代 Glock ピストルが商業的に発表されました。[引用が必要]
2011 リコイルスプリングアセンブリ交換プログラム
2011年9月、グロック社はリコイルスプリング交換プログラムを発表した。同社によれば、このプログラムでは、2011年7月22日以前に販売された第4世代ピストル(「サブコンパクト」のグロック26とグロック27モデルを除く)のリコイルスプリングアセンブリを、同社が自主的に無償で交換することを提案し、「当社の製品がグロック社の厳格な基準を満たすことを保証」するという。[48]
Mシリーズ
2016年6月29日、米国連邦捜査局(FBI)は、グロック社に9×19mmパラベラム弾を使用する新型の任務用拳銃を供給する契約を授与した。[49]入札仕様は、グロック社の第4世代モデルの仕様とは異なっていた。[50]
2016年8月、インディアナポリス市警察(IMPD)は、グロック17Mピストルのバッチを使用した訓練を開始しました。公開された画像でグロックの第3世代および第4世代モデルとの最も明らかな違いは、グリップに指溝がないことです。[51]その年の10月、インディアナポリス市警察は、訓練中にピストルを空撃ちしたときに発生した故障を受けて、17Mの自主回収を発表しました。インディアナポリス市警察のリドル少佐によると、「グロックは問題の修正に取り組んでおり、12月にも新しい[17M]の配布を開始したいと考えています。」 [ 52] [53]
第5世代モデル

2017年8月、グロック社は「第5世代」または「Gen 5」を発表しました。改訂は人間工学と信頼性の向上を中心に行われました。第5世代グロックピストルの多くの部品は、以前の世代のものと交換できません。発表された2つの第5世代モデルは、9×19mmパラベラム弾を使用するグロック17とグロック19でした。第5世代モデルのいくつかの顕著な変更点は、両手利き用スライドストップレバー、バレルとスライドのDLC表面仕上げ、改良された多角形ライフリングスタイルを特徴とするバレル(グロック社は「グロックマークスマンバレル」と呼んでいます)、より深く凹んだバレルクラウン、グリップの指溝の省略、フレアマガジンウェル、グリップの下部前面の半月形の切り欠きの再導入です。第3世代で導入されたトリガーピンの上にあるロッキングブロックピンは省略されています。多くの内部部品は目立たないほど改訂されました。[54] [55] [56] [57] [58]「Gen 5」は、第5世代のピストルを識別するために、モデル番号の横のスライドに刻印されています。「Gen 5」スライドには、追加の触覚トラクション表面の選択肢を提供するために、フロントセレーション(FS)を特徴とすることができます。マガジンも第5世代モデル用に改訂されました。再設計されたマガジンフロアプレートには、手動での補助抽出のためのグリップを提供する前方に突出したリップが特徴で、マガジンフォロワーは視覚的に識別しやすいようにオレンジ色になりました。[要出典]
デザインの詳細
動作機構
グロック17は、短い反動で作動するロック式銃身の半自動拳銃で、ハイパワー拳銃から改良されたブラウニング・カムロックシステムを採用している。 [59]この銃のロック機構は、スライドの 排出口の切り欠きにロックする長方形の銃身を備えたリンクレスの垂直傾斜銃身を使用している(シグ・ザウアー・システム)。反動ストロークの間、銃身は最初はスライドとロックされた状態で後方に約3 mm(0.12インチ)移動し、弾丸が銃身を離れ、薬室圧力が安全なレベルまで下がる。次に、銃身基部の傾斜した突起延長部がフレームに組み込まれたテーパー状のロックブロックと相互作用し、銃身を押し下げてスライドからロックを解除する。このカム動作により銃身の動きが停止し、スライドは反動下で後退を続け、使用済みの薬莢を抽出して排出する。スライドの途切れることのない後方への動きと反動サイクルはブラウニングシステムの特徴である。[60]
グロックのピストルには、高度な金属コーティング、フレームレールの代わりに「スタブ」スライドガイド、トリガーがストライカーのコックに部分的に関与する珍しいコッキング機構など、悪条件下での信頼性を高めるための多くの機能が組み込まれています。[61] [より良い情報源が必要]グロックは、射手のトリガーフィンガーの力に部分的に依存してストライカーをコックすることで、スライドが前方に動き、バッテリーに入るときにリコイルスプリングにかかる負荷を効果的に軽減します。一方、市場に出回っている他のほとんどのストライカー式ピストルは、ストライカーをコックするのにリコイルスプリングに完全に依存しています。[62] [より良い情報源が必要]
特徴

スライドにはバネ仕掛けのクローエキストラクターが備わっており、打ち抜き板金製のエジェクターがトリガー機構ハウジングに固定されている。 [63] 2002年以降のピストルには、薬室に薬莢が装填されていることを示すインジケーターとして機能する再形成されたエキストラクターがある。薬室に薬莢がある場合、触覚のある金属の縁がスライドの右側の排出口のすぐ後ろにわずかに突き出ている。[64]ストライカーの発射機構には、バネ仕掛けの撃針があり、撃針スプリングの力で2段階でコックされる。工場標準の撃針スプリングの定格は24 N (5.4 lb f )であるが、改造した撃針スプリングを使用することで、28 N (6.3 lb f )または31 N (7.0 lb f )に増加できる。[65]ピストルが装填されると、撃針はハーフコックの位置にある。引き金を引くと、撃針は完全にコックされる。トリガー バーは移動の終わりにコネクタによって下方に傾き、撃針を解放してカートリッジを発射します。コネクタはトリガー バーをリセットし、発射サイクルの終わりに撃針がハーフ コック状態になるようにします。これはプリセットトリガー メカニズムとして知られ、メーカーは「セーフ アクション」トリガーと呼んでいます。コネクタはピストルが半自動でしか発射できないようにします。[要出典]
工場標準の2段階トリガーは、トリガートラベルが12.5 mm (0.49 in)、定格トルクが25 N (5.6 lb f )ですが、改造コネクタを使用することで、35 N (7.9 lb f )まで上げたり、20 N (4.5 lb f )まで下げたりすることができます。アメリカの法執行機関から、トリガープルを強化した2段階トリガーの要請に応えて、グロック社はNY1 (ニューヨーク)トリガーモジュールを発表しました。これは、トリガーバーの標準コイルスプリングに代わる、プラスチックハウジング内の平らなスプリングを特徴としています。このトリガーの改造には、NY1 と NY2 の 2 つのバージョンがあり、それぞれ 25 N (5.6 lb f ) から 40 N (9.0 lb f ) と 32 N (7.2 lb f ) から 50 N (11.2 lb f ) の定格で、安全装置を解除するには約 20 N (4.5 lb f ) から 30 N (6.7 lb f ) の力が必要で、発砲するには第2段階でさらに 10 N (2.2 lb f )から20 N (4.5 lb f )の力が必要です。 [出典が必要]
グロックのフレーム、マガジン本体、その他いくつかの部品は、ガストン・グロックが発明したポリマー2と呼ばれる高強度ナイロンベースのポリマーで作られています。 [66]このプラスチックは、耐久性を高めるために特別に配合されており、炭素鋼やほとんどの合金鋼よりも弾力性があります。ポリマー2は、衝撃、腐食性液体、および従来の鋼/合金フレームが歪んで脆くなるような極端な温度に耐えます。[66]射出成形されたフレームには、スライド用の4つの硬化鋼ガイドレールが含まれています。2つはフレームの後部に、残りの2つはトリガーガードの上と前にあります。トリガーガード自体は前部が四角く、チェック模様になっています。グリップは109°の角度で、側面と前後のストラップに滑り止めの点描表面があります。 [67]フレームにはロッキングブロックが収められており、これはインベストメント鋳造で、銃身下部のカミングラグの45°カミング面に噛み合う。これは、トリガーとスライドキャッチを保持するスチール製の軸ピンによってフレーム内に保持されている。トリガーハウジングはポリマーピンによってフレームに保持されている。スプリング式の金属板プレスがスライドキャッチの役割を果たしており、フレームに成形された隆起したガードによって意図しない操作から保護されている。ポリマー構造のため、当初グロック拳銃は空港のX線検査装置に映らず、米国に簡単に違法に輸入できるのではないかと懸念されていた。実際には、銃の重量の84%はスチール製で、ポリマー2はX線検査装置に映る。この神話が広まったのは、グロックが発明されてから数年後に公開された映画「ダイ・ハード2」のシーンが神話を永続させたためだと考えられている。 [68] 1988年に米国で金属探知機に検出されない銃器の製造や輸入を禁止する「検出されない銃器法」が可決された。[要出典]
グロックのピストルは比較的低いスライドプロファイルを備えており、銃身の軸が射手の手に近くなり、銃口の跳ね上がりが減って射撃が快適になり、連射シーケンスでの照準の回復が速くなる。長方形のスライドは、CNC機械を使用して、軍用グレードの鋼の単一のブロックから削り出されている。[69]銃身とスライドは、テニファーと呼ばれる独自の窒化処理で処理する前に、2つの硬化プロセスを経る。テニファー処理は、500 °C(932 °F)の硝酸塩浴で適用される。[66]テニファー仕上げの厚さは0.04〜0.05 mm(0.0016〜0.0020インチ)で、摩耗と腐食に対する極めて強い耐性が特徴で、金属に浸透し、処理された部品は表面下の特定の深さでも同様の特性を持つ。[70]
テニファー処理により、ロックウェルC硬度64のマットなグレー色の光沢のない表面と、塩水腐食に対する99%の耐性(ステンレス鋼の仕様を満たすか上回る)が生まれます。[69]これにより、塩化物に対する耐性が高い仕上げにより、発汗の影響にピストルがよりよく耐えられるため、グロックは拳銃を隠し携帯する人に特に適しています。 [70]テニファー処理を使用したグロックの鋼鉄部品は、テフロン、ブルーイング、硬質クロムメッキ、リン酸塩などの他の仕上げや処理を施した類似の銃部品よりも耐腐食性があります。 [70] 2010年に、グロックは塩浴窒化テニファー処理から、正確には公開されていないガス窒化処理に切り替えました。窒化処理を施した後、黒色のパーカー処理された装飾表面仕上げが施されます。下地の窒化処理は残り、装飾表面仕上げが摩耗してもこれらの部品を保護します。[15]
第4世代のグロック17は34個の部品で構成されている。[65]メンテナンスのために、このピストルは銃身、スライド、フレーム、マガジン、リコイルスプリングアセンブリの5つの主要なグループに分解される。この銃はNATO標準の9×19mmパラベラム弾用に設計されているが、フルメタルジャケットまたはジャケット付きホローポイント弾のいずれかで高出力(圧力増加)+P弾を使用することもできる。[要出典]
バレル
ハンマー鍛造の銃身には、右ねじれの雌型多角形ライフリングが施されている。弾丸の安定化は、ランドとグルーブを使用する従来のライフリングではなく、6つまたは8つの相互接続された非円形セグメントからなる多角形プロファイルによって行われる(八角形の多角形ライフリングは、 .45 ACPと.45 GAPのみ)。銃身内部のくぼんだ各セグメントは、従来の銃身の溝に相当します。したがって、銃身の内部は、鋭く定義されたスロットではなく、滑らかな鋼の弧で構成されています。従来のブローチ盤を使用して銃身にライフリングを切る代わりに、ハンマー鍛造プロセスでは、銃身をゆっくり回転するマンドレルで叩いて六角形または八角形の形状にします。[71]その結果、各溝の領域における銃身の厚さは、従来のスクエアカット銃身のように妥協されません。これには、銃身の直径がわずかに小さいため、弾丸の後ろのガスシールがより良くなるという利点があり、弾丸の後ろに閉じ込められた燃焼ガスをより効率的に使用し、[71]銃口速度がわずかに速くなり(一貫性が保たれ)、精度が向上し、メンテナンスが容易になります。[72] [より良い情報源が必要]
グロックピストルの新しいシリーズ、すなわちGen5、G42/43には、グロックマークスマンシップバレル(GMB)が装備されている。古いバレルでは、特定のバレルから発射された弾丸を証拠として使用できるだけの信頼性で識別することがやや困難であったが、新しいGMBバレルは異なる設計になっている。 2019年2月にForensic Science Internationalによって発表されたスティーブン・クリステンとハンス・ルドルフ・ジョルディによる研究によると、新しいGMBバレルは、発射された弾丸に識別しやすい独自のマークを残すことが示されている。これらのマークは以前のピストルバレルのマークよりも識別しやすく、弾丸を特定のバレルに確実に結び付けるのに十分であった。この研究では、比較顕微鏡とABIS(Evofinder)が使用された。[73]
安全性
グロックのピストルには、従来のオンオフセーフティレバーがない。グロックは、特に警察署に対して、ユーザーがセーフティを別途操作することなくすぐに発砲できるという利点があると売り込んでいる。[74]代わりに、このピストルは、偶発的な発砲を防ぐために 3 つの独立した安全機構を備えている。グロックが「セーフ アクション」と名付けたこのシステムは、外部統合トリガー セーフティと 2 つの自動内部セーフティ (撃針セーフティとドロップ セーフティ)で構成されている。 [75]外部セーフティは、トリガーに内蔵された小さな内部レバーである。レバーを押すと、トリガー バーと金属板コネクタが作動する。撃針セーフティは、固定された状態で撃針チャネルをブロックする (撃針の縦軸を無効にする) 堅固な硬化鋼のピンである。トリガーが作動し、トリガー バーの後方移動によってセーフティが押し上げられた場合にのみ、このセーフティが押し上げられて撃針が発射可能になる。ドロップ セーフティは、トリガー バーを傾斜路に誘導し、トリガーに直接後方圧力がかかった場合にのみ解放される。 3つの安全機構は、引き金を引くと自動的に解除され、引き金を離すと自動的に再起動します。[23] [76]
2003年、グロック社はグロックセーフティロックという内部ロックシステム(ILS)安全機能を発表しました。[77] ILSは手動で作動するロックで、ピストルのグリップの後ろにあります。円筒形のデザインで、グロック社によると、各キーはユニークです。ロックが作動すると、グリップの後ろからタブが突き出て、ロックがかかっているかどうかが視覚と触覚の両方でわかります。[78] ILSが作動すると、グロックは発射不能になり、分解もできなくなります。解除すると、ILSはグロックピストルにそれ以上の安全機構を追加しません。ILSはほとんどのグロックピストルでオプションとして利用できます。グロックピストルを改造してILSに対応させることはできません。ロックはオーストリアの工場で製造され、特別注文として出荷される必要があります。[要出典]
雑誌
グロック17は、17発装填可能なスタッガードコラムまたはダブルスタックマガジン(オプションのフロアプレートで19発まで拡張可能)またはオプションの24発または33発装填可能な高容量マガジンから給弾する。[79]マガジンの装弾数を10発に制限している管轄区域向けに、グロックはシングルスタックの10発マガジンを提供している。マガジンはスチール製で、プラスチックでオーバーモールドされている。スチール製のスプリングがプラスチック製のフォロワーを駆動する。最後の弾丸が発射された後、スライドはスライドストップ上で開いたままになる。スライドストップリリースレバーは、スライドの真下のフレームの左側にあり、右利きの射手は親指で操作できる。[要出典]
グロックのマガジンは、同じ口径のモデル間で互換性があるため、コンパクトまたはサブコンパクトのピストルは、同じ弾丸を装填する大型ピストル用に設計されたマガジンを使用できます。ただし、コンパクトおよびサブコンパクト モデル用に設計されたマガジンは、スライドとマガジン リリースに届くほど高さがないため、大型ピストルでは機能しません。たとえば、サブコンパクト グロック 26 は、フルサイズのグロック 17 とコンパクトなグロック 19 の両方のマガジンを使用できますが、グロック 17 は、小型のグロック 19 やグロック 26 のマガジンは使用できません。グロック 36、グロック 42、グロック 43、グロック 44 のマガジンはすべて独自のものであり、別のモデル用のマガジンは使用できません。また、それらのマガジンを他のモデルで使用することもできません。[要出典]
観光スポット

1985年に米国に送られた最初のグロック拳銃は、BATFの輸入「ポイント」要件を満たしていなかったため、グロックは調整可能なリアサイトを急いで開発する必要があり、これにより1986年にピストルを輸入して商業的に販売することができた。グロックはATFの輸入要件を満たすために週末にこの調整可能なリアサイトを設計し作成したと考えられており、そのため「ウィークエンド」サイトと呼ばれた。これらの第1世代の調整可能なリアサイトはスライドを超えて伸びており、壊れやすかった。[80]後期モデルでも、フロントサイトはホルスターとの摩擦で簡単に変形するため、[81]金属製のサイトやトリチウム照明付きの夜間サイトに交換する必要があった。[82]
現在ではグロック17は固定式のポリマー製戦闘用照準装置を備えているのが一般的で、傾斜したフロントサイトとノッチ付きリアサイトで構成され、捕捉速度を上げるために白いコントラスト要素が塗装されている。フロントポストには白い点があり、リアノッチには長方形の縁がある。新型リアサイトの中には、風偏調整が可能なものもある(一部のモデルでは工場出荷時に風偏調整サイトが付いていないため)。これは、取り付けられているダブテールが横方向にある程度動くためである。標準の6.5 mm(0.26インチ)の高さのサイトに加えて、他の3つの工場出荷時のリアサイト構成が利用可能である。衝撃の少ない6.1 mm(0.24インチ)サイトと、衝撃の高い2つのバージョンである6.9 mm(0.27インチ)と7.3 mm(0.29インチ)である。[83]
アクセサリー
工場から入手できるグロック ピストル アクセサリには、白色のタクティカル ライトとオプションの可視レーザー サイトを備えた一連のフロント レール マウント型「グロック タクティカル ライト」など、戦術照明用のデバイスがいくつか含まれています。目に見えない赤外線ライトとレーザーサイトを使用するタクティカル ライトの代替バージョンも用意されており、赤外線暗視装置と一緒に使用できるように設計されています。別の照明アクセサリとして、マガジンの底に懐中電灯を取り付けるためのアダプタがあります。
さまざまな構成のポリマー ホルスターと、それに合わせたマガジン ポーチが用意されています。さらに、Glock はオプションのトリガー、リコイル スプリング、スライド ストップ、マガジン リリース レバー、およびマリタイム スプリング カップを製造しています。マリタイム スプリング カップは、ピストルを水中に沈めた直後に発射できるように設計されています。このカップには、液体がカップの周囲を流れて逃げる追加の開口部があり、水が撃針アセンブリ チャネルに浸入した場合でも信頼性が向上します。
標準マガジンの容量を2発拡張するマガジンフロアプレート(または+2ベースプレート)は、9×19mmパラベラム、.45 GAP、.40 S&W、.357 SIG、および.380 ACPカートリッジ用のモデルで使用できます。標準の調整不可能なポリマー製サイトラインに加えて、グロックは3つの代替サイトラインを提供しています。これらは、スチール製、調整可能、自己発光トリチウムナイトリアサイトと、工場出荷時のスチール製および自己発光トリチウムコントラストポインタースチール製フロントサイトで構成されています。 [84]
グロック17とその多くの派生型はピストルコンバージョンキットを受け入れることができ、その一例がFAB-Defense KPOS Scoutである。[85]また、Flux Defense Braceのような特殊なストックも受け入れることができる。[86]
グロックスイッチ
グロックスイッチは、銃器のシアを押し下げて全自動射撃を可能にするアフターマーケットアクセサリーである。適切なライセンスがなければ、米国では違法である。[87]
記念品、記念日、刻印入り、その他の珍しいグロック
グロックは1991年に限定版と記念版グロックの製造を開始した。その後、グロックはビジネスの節目を祝うため、また米国での販売20年、25年、30年を記念して記念モデルをシリーズで製造した。さらに、多くの法執行機関は、支給された任務用武器のスライドに部署名、ロゴ、またはバッジを刻印していた。[34]
バリエーション
Glock 17 の導入後、数多くの派生型やバージョンが発売されました。口径、フレーム、スライドの長さが異なる派生型は、文字の接尾辞が付いたいくつかのモデル (Glock 17L、19X、30S、43X) を除き、異なるモデル番号で識別されます。
オリジナルのダブルスタック「スモールフレーム」グロックピストルは、5 つのフォームファクタで製造されており、すべてオリジナルのフルサイズのグロック 17 をモデルにしています。「標準」モデルは、大容量のマガジンを備えたフルサイズのデューティ ファイアーとして設計されています。「コンパクト」モデルは、マガジン容量を減らして若干小型化し、使用可能なグリップ長を維持しながら軽量化しています。「サブコンパクト」モデルは、持ち運びを容易にするために設計されており、軽量で短く、トリガーガード下のグリップに 2 本の指を添えて使用するように設計されており、第 2 世代以降の大型のグロック モデルのようなアクセサリ レールはありません。他の 2 つのフォームファクタは、フルサイズの「標準」フレームと、フレームのダスト カバーとスライドの前面の間のスペースを埋めるための下部セクションを含む長いスライドを使用しています。これらの最初のものは「ロング スライド」モデルで、特定の IPSC クラスには長すぎたため、中間の「競技用」モデルを作成する必要がありました。現在、5 つのフォーム ファクターすべてで使用可能なチャンバーは、9mm パラベラム (一部の国では 9×21mm) と .40 スミス & ウェッソンです。さらに、.357 SIG と .45 GAP のチャンバーは「標準」、「コンパクト」、「サブコンパクト」の各モデルで提供され、.380 ACP は「コンパクト」と「サブコンパクト」のモデルでのみ提供されています。最近では、9mm パラベラムのいわゆる「クロスオーバー」バージョンでは、短い (前後)「コンパクト」フレームと長い「標準」グリップ長が組み合わされています。これは当初、グロック 19 のグリップが長く、容量が大きいバージョン (グロック 19X およびグロック 45) を提供する目的でした。しかし、グロックは米国税関国境警備隊向けに、ダスト カバーとスライドの前部の間の隙間を埋めるための前部セクションを含む G17 長さのスライドを備えた G45 フレームを使用したグロック 47 を開発しました。このデザインは、グロック 17 と同じ全体寸法に適合します。当然、次のステップは、このスライドをグロック 19 フレームと結合して、グロック 49 を作成することでした。
There are also the wider double-stack "large frame" Glock pistols for use with larger calibers, currently in 10mm Auto and .45 ACP. These models have bigger, wider slides and frames and are larger than the smaller-chambered pistols. These come in only "standard", "subcompact", "competition" (.45 ACP only), and "long slide" (10mm only). Additionally, Glock introduced the "subcompact" Glock 30S in .45 ACP adjusted to use the slimmer lighter slide of the Glock 36. Also, in 2007, Glock introduced a "short frame" version of these large frame weapons to provide a grip better suited to small hands. The short frame was originally designed to compete in the now cancelled U.S. military Joint Combat Pistol trials for a new .45 ACP pistol to replace the M9 pistol. Glock's entry featured an optional ambidextrous magazine release and MIL-STD-1913 rail along with a reduction in the size of the backstrap. The Glock 21SF was originally available in three versions: one with a Picatinny rail and ambidextrous magazine release and two with a Universal Glock rail available with or without the ambidextrous magazine release. However, the ambidextrous release and picatinny rail were soon dropped. As of January 2009, the Glock 20, 21, 29, and 30 were offered in short-framed variations. These models incorporate a 2.5 mm (0.098 in) reduction in trigger reach, and full-sized models feature a 4 mm (0.16 in) reduction in heel depth, which corresponds to an overall reduction in length for those models.[88][89][90] The short frame models were not introduced for the Gen 4 and Gen 5 models, as the replaceable backstraps design makes a separate short frame version redundant.
Glock also produces single-stack "slimline" models, targeting the concealed carry market. The first was introduced with Gen 3 in .45 ACP as the Glock 36. More recently, after the introduction of Gen 5, came the Glock 42 in .380 ACP, followed by the Glock 43 in 9mm Parabellum. The most recent additions to the "slimline" series, the 43X and 48, were introduced together in 9mm Parabellum. These have longer grips that allow for a full three-finger hold and a 10-round capacity. The 43X is a long grip "crossover" 43, while the 48 has a longer slide to provide a "slimline" version of the "compact" Glock 19.
- ^ G19 compact size slide is interchangeable with G47 and G49 standard size slides and the G19X and G45 compact size slides.
- ^ G19X compact size slide is interchangeable with G47 and G49 standard size slides and the G19 and G45 compact size slides.
- ^ G45 compact size slide is interchangeable with G47 and G49 standard size slides and the G19 and G19X compact size slides.
- ^ G49 standard size slide is interchangeable with G47 standard size slide and G19, G19X, and G45 compact size slides.
- ^ G17 standard size slide is interchangeable with G17L long slide and G34 competition size slide.
- ^ G47 standard size slide is interchangeable with G49 standard size slide and G19, G19X, and G45 compact size slides.
- ^ G34 competition size slide is interchangeable with G17 standard size slide and G17L long slide.
- ^ G17L long slide is interchangeable with G17 standard size slide and G34 competition size slide.
- ^ G20 standard size slide is interchangeable with G40 long slide.
- ^ G40 long slide is interchangeable with G20 standard size slide.
- ^ G30S slim slide is interchangeable with G36 slim slide.
- ^ G21 standard size slide is interchangeable with G41 long slide.
- ^ G41 long slide is interchangeable with G21 standard size slide.
- ^ G22 standard size slide is interchangeable with G24 long slide and G35 competition size slide.
- ^ G35 competition size slide is interchangeable with G22 standard size slide and G24 long slide.
- ^ G24 long slide is interchangeable with G22 standard size slide and G35 competition size slide.
- ^ G43 subcompact size slide is interchangeable with G43X subcompact and G48 compact slide.
- ^ G43X subcompact size slide is interchangeable with G43 subcompact and G48 compact slide.
- ^ G48 compact size slide is interchangeable with subcompact slides of G43 and G43X.
- ^ G36 slim slide is interchangeable with G30S slim slide.
9×19mm Parabellum
- Glock 17: The Glock 17 is the original 9×19mm Parabellum model, with a standard magazine capacity of 17 rounds, introduced in 1982. Initial samples of the new civilian offering were marked Glock 82. But, it was decided not to use the year to designate civilian models, but to begin the model numbers at 17 and continue numerically from there. Glock also offers a version of the standard magazine which incorporates a longer "+2" base plate to provide a capacity of 19 rounds. Also, a 10-round version of the standard magazine was created for markets that restrict the magazine capacity of handguns. Glock also offers an extended 24-round (with flush base plate) magazine for the Glock 17. Finally, the Glock 17 can use the Glock 18's extended 33-round (with +2 base plate) magazine. The base plates for the extended magazines can be swapped out to create 26- and 31-round magazines as well. The longest serving of the Glocks, the Glock 17 can be had with numerous "options" such as a threaded barrel, or slides cut for the Modular Optic System (MOS). Some options, such as the universal Glock rail have become standard. In addition, some features have been given their own suffixed model designations creating entirely new models, all of which can use the same magazines as the Glock 17:
- Glock 17L: Introduced in 1988, the 17L incorporates a longer slide and extended barrel. Initially, the Glock 17L had three holes in the top of the barrel and a corresponding slot in the slide; however, later production pistols lack the holes in the barrel. The Glock 17L is manufactured in limited quantities.
- Glock 17C: Introduced in 1996, the 17C incorporates slots cut in the barrel and slide to compensate for recoil. Many other Glock pistols now come with this option, all with a "C" suffix on the slide.
- Glock 17MB: The 17MB is a version with ambidextrous magazine catch. This model, along with the other MB variants, was no longer available upon the introduction of the fourth-generation models, which have a reversible magazine catch.
- Glock 17M: Introduced in 2016, the 17M was created in response to an FBI solicitation for a new full-size 9mm pistol. Differences from the Generation 4 model include removal of the finger grooves, ambidextrous slide lock, rounded slide nose profile, flared magazine well with new magazine baseplates, and a tougher finish on metal components. The Glock 17M also abandons the polygonal rifling of previous models for conventional rifling.[91] As of 2017[update], the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the South Carolina Highway Patrol and the Ontario Provincial Police[92] have adopted the pistol as standard.
- Glock P80: Introduced in 2020, the P80 was commissioned by United States firearms distributor Lipsey's to create an exclusive commemorative Glock model, the Pistole 80. The P80 is a throwback to the original Glock 17 Gen 1 type pistol chambered in 9×19mm with original Gen 1 frame and stippling and Gen 2 / Gen 3 internals.

- Glock 18: The Glock 18 is a selective-fire variant of the Glock 17, developed at the request of the Austrian counter-terrorist unit EKO Cobra, and as a way to internally test Glock components under high strain conditions.[93] Originally produced in 1986, this machine pistol–class firearm has a lever-type fire-control circular selector switch, installed on the serrated portion of the rear left side of the slide. With the selector lever in the bottom position, the pistol fires fully automatically at a cyclic rate of 1,100–1,400 RPM (rounds per minute), and with the selector lever in the top position, the pistol fires semi-automatically. The firearm is typically used with an extended 33-round-capacity magazine and may be fired with or without a shoulder stock, although other magazines from the Glock 17 can be used, with available capacities of 10, 17, 19 or 24 rounds. Unlike all its other pistols, it is only offered to military, law enforcement, and government organizations.[94] Early Glock 18 models were ported to reduce muzzle rise during automatic fire. A very early design introduced a longer ported barrel which was soon discarded as it would not fit in a holster. Another compensated variant was produced, known as the Glock 18C. It has a keyhole opening cut into the forward portion of the slide, similar to the opening on the Glock long-slide models, although the Glock 18 has a standard-length slide. The keyhole opening provides an area to allow the four, progressively larger (from back to front) compensator cuts machined into the barrel to vent the propellant gases upwards, affording more control over the rapid-firing machine pistol.
- Glock 18C: The compensator cuts start about halfway back on the top of the barrel. The two rear cuts are narrower than the two front cuts. The slide is hollowed, or dished-out, in a rectangular pattern between the rear of the ejection port and the rear sight. The rate of fire in fully automatic mode is around 1,100–1,200 rounds per minute. Most of the other characteristics are equivalent to the Glock 17, although the slide, frame, and certain fire-control parts of the Glock 18 are not interchangeable with other Glock models.[95][96]
- Glock 19: The Glock 19 is effectively a reduced-size Glock 17, called the "Compact" by the manufacturer. It was first produced in 1988, primarily for military and law enforcement. The Glock 19's barrel and pistol grip are shorter by about 12 mm (0.5 in) than the Glock 17, and it uses a magazine with a standard capacity of 15 rounds. A 10-round version of this magazine is also made for markets that restrict the magazine capacity of handguns. And, a "+2" base plate can make the standard magazine into a longer 17-round magazine. The pistol is also compatible with any magazines designed for the Glock 17 and Glock 18, providing factory magazine capacities of 17, 19, 24 and 33. Changing out base plates adds capacities of 26 or 31. To preserve the operational reliability of the short recoil system, the mass of the slide remains the same as in the Glock 17 from which it is derived. With the exception of the slide, frame, barrel, locking block, recoil spring, guide rod, and slide lock spring, all of the other components are interchangeable between the models 17 and 19. The Glock 19 Gen 4 MOS (Modular Optic System) has also been used by Special Operations Forces as the MK27 MOD 2.[97] One of the oldest of the Glock pistols, options like threaded barrel and MOS slide cuts are available, and suffixed model designations have been created for some features, all of which excepting the G19X can use any magazine the G19 can:

- Glock 19X: The 19X is the civilian version of Glock's entry to the XM17 Modular Handgun System competition for the United States Armed Forces. It features a Glock 19 slide with a Glock 17-like frame in coyote color instead of the regular Glock black color. The frame includes a lanyard loop and a front lip in the magazine which purpose is to make changing magazines with gloves on easier, but this means the new Gen 5 17-round magazines cannot be used in the Glock 19X because the front lip will block the extended magazine floor plates from locking into the 19X's magazine well. This can be remedied by switching to a Gen 4–style magazine floor plate[98] or with a factory +2 extension. The G19X can use any factory G17 magazine for Gen 4 and prior. It is only the Gen 5 17- and 19-round magazines that it can't accept. The 19X comes standard with night sights and includes one 17-round magazine and two 19-round magazines, all in coyote color. The Glock 19X has proven to be one of Glock's best selling pistols, with over 100,000 sold within 6 months of the 19X first being released.[99]
- Glock 19M: Introduced in 2016, the 19M was created in response to an FBI solicitation for a new compact 9mm pistol. Differences from the Generation 4 model include removal of the finger grooves, ambidextrous slide stop, rounded slide nose profile, flared magazine well with new magazine baseplates, and a tougher finish on metal components. The Glock 19M also abandons the polygonal rifling of previous models for conventional rifling. The US Marine Corps fielded the Glock 19M, designated as the M007, to CID (Criminal Investigation Division) and Marine One personnel.[100]
- Glock 19 Canadian: The limit for Restricted Class firearms in Canada is a 105mm barrel, so, due to its 102mm barrel, the standard Glock 19 is too short to be legal. Starting in 2017, a market specific Glock 19 has been sold in Canada with a 106mm barrel and a distinctive laser-engraved hollow maple leaf on the right side of the slide.[101][102]
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- Glock 26: The Glock 26 is a 9×19mm "subcompact" variant designed for concealed carry and was introduced in 1995, mainly for the civilian market. It has also been acquired by the US military and designated MK 26.[103][104][105] It features a smaller frame compared to the Glock 19, with a pistol grip that supports only two fingers, a shorter barrel and slide, and a double-stack magazine with a standard capacity of 10 rounds. A factory magazine with a +2 extension gives a capacity of 12 rounds. In addition, the Glock 26 can use factory magazines from the Glock 17, Glock 18, and Glock 19, and one can swap out base plates to give it capacities of 15, 17, 19, 24, 26, 31 and 33 rounds. More than simply a "shortened" Glock 19, design of the subcompact Glock 26 required extensive rework of the frame, locking block, and spring assembly that features a dual recoil spring. MOS options are available, but so far the Glock universal rail is not offered. There is also:
- Glock 26 for U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP): This Glock is a Generation 5 Glock for the CBP that incorporates a flared magazine well with an extended, longer grip than that of the usual Gen 5 Glock 26. Moreover, the magazine well is flat across and has no bump as the Glock 25 Gen 5 or the G19X. In addition, it offers a Longer 11-round magazine.[106]
- Glock 34: The Glock 34 is a competition version of the Glock 17. It is similar to its predecessor, the Glock 17L, but with a slightly shorter slide and barrel, to meet the maximum size requirements for many sanctioned action pistol sporting events. It was developed and produced in 1998, and compared to the Glock 17, features a 21 mm (0.8 in) longer barrel and slide. It has an extended magazine release, extended slide stop lever, 20 N (4.5 lbf) trigger pull, and an adjustable rear sight. The sides at the front of the slide are slanted instead of squared. Further, the top of the slide and parts of its inside are milled out, creating a conspicuous hole at the top designed to reduce front-end muzzle weight to better balance the pistol and reduce the overall weight of the slide.[107] The Glock 34 can accept any magazine the Glock 17 can accept.
- Glock 43: The Glock 43 is a "slimline" version of the subcompact Glock 26 that features an ultracompact slide and frame. The Glock 43 is the first Glock pistol to be manufactured with a single-stack 9×19mm Parabellum magazine, having a standard capacity of six rounds and being unique to the model. Unlike other subcompact Glock pistols, the Glock 43 cannot use factory magazines from its larger relatives due to its single-stack magazine design. It also does not allow the removal of the backplate grip as is possible on the 4th gen Glocks. The magazine is thinner than the Glock 43X, and the Glock 43 cannot accept magazines for the Glock 43X.
- Glock 43X: The 43X is similar to the 43 except it has a longer and thicker grip for an increased magazine capacity of 10 rounds. The grip of the Glock 43X is comparable to the 48 and can be interchanged. Glock 43X magazines do not fit into the Glock 43, or vice versa. The 43X also features front slide serrations, a built-in extended beaver tail, a reversible magazine catch (similar to Gen 5 models), GMB rifling (again similar to Gen 5 models), and a two-tone finish (silver slide/black receiver).[108] In the E.U. the 43X comes with a rail.[109] At least three aftermarket sources manufacture 15-round flush-fit magazines for the Glock 43X and Glock 48, which make the Glock 43X and Glock 48 match the standard capacity of the Glock 19 in a narrower pistol.[110]

- Glock 45: The Glock 45 , similar to the Glock 19X, incorporates Gen5 features catered for police use. The Glock 45 frame features a Glock 17 full size grip length with a shorter Glock 19 length dust cover and is fitted with a Glock 19 slide with front slide serrations. Unlike the Glock 19X, the Glock 45 features a flared magazine well and can accommodate Gen 5 magazines, because unlike the 19X, the Glock 45 does not have the front lip that blocks the Gen 5 magazine's extended floor plate. The Glock 45 also deletes the lanyard loop found at the back of the grip on the 19X and comes standard with plastic sights instead of the night sights standard on the 19X.[111]
- Glock 46: The Glock 46 is a "compact" version like the Glock 19. This model has a rotating barrel breech lock system.[112] It had been designed as option to bid for a service pistol, with law enforcement agencies in Germany at state and federal level in mind. The differing breech lock system makes it possible to disassemble the firearm without the need to press the trigger, but only with no projectile chambered. Also, enhanced drop-safety is a must – the model complies with the specifications in the German technical guideline (Technische Richtlinie "Pistole") for service pistols. Police in Saxony-Anhalt chose the Glock 46 TR among three competitors and are to receive up to 8,600 new pistols until 2021 for over 6,400 officers, replacing their ageing Pistole 6 (P6), a SIG Sauer P225 variant. The state of Saxony-Anhalt is the first introducing a pistol made by Glock as standard-issue sidearm into its force.[113][114][115]
- Glock 47: The Glock 47 is a full-sized handgun created for the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, who wanted a version of the Glock 17 that has full parts compatibility with a Glock 19, saving for the slide and barrel. This means that the G47 slide and barrel can be put on a G19 frame to give the G19 a longer slide, barrel, and sight radius (the equivalent of a Glock 49), and the G19 slide and barrel can be put on a G47 frame to create a pistol that functions like a Glock 45. The G47 recoil spring assembly is the same as for the G19. The G47 frame is the same as for the G45 with a shorter dust cover, and the G17-length slide is modified to fill in the gap in a similar manner to the G34. The G47 also comes with MOS cuts and magazines that have the Gen 5 extended base plate.[116] In short, G47 and G19 Gen5/MOS/MOD1/FS have modularity between both pistols.[117] Reportedly, the US Secret Service is also using this model, and the G47 Gen 5 MOS is now available to the public.
- Glock 48: The Glock 48 is a "slimline" version similar to the subcompact Glock 43 and 43X. All components of the Glock 48 are identical to the Glock 43X except the slide and barrel which are longer. The slides for the Glock 43, Glock 43X, and Glock 48 are functional on any of those three frames. The G48 features a 4.17-inch-long barrel, front slide serrations, a built-in extended beaver tail, a reversible magazine catch (similar to Gen 5 models), GMB rifling (again similar to Gen 5 models), a two-tone finish (silver slide/black receiver), and a magazine capacity of 10 rounds.[109] In the E.U., Glock offers the 48 and the 43X with a rail.[109] At least three aftermarket sources manufacture 15-round flush-fit magazines for the Glock 43X and Glock 48, which make the Glock 43X and Glock 48 match the standard capacity of the Glock 19 in a narrower pistol.
- Glock 49: In May 2022, a photograph was posted by noted firearms author Larry Vickers, who was asking for more information about the firearm pictured in the photograph. The weapon, marked Glock 49, appeared to be a Glock 47 with a shorter Glock 19 size grip and magazine. The pictured Gen 5 firearm lacked any MOS slide cuts. The handgun in that photo was apparently a sample and the Glock 49 has not been marketed in that form.[118] Later, in November 2023, American firearms distributor TALO Distributors announced the introduction of the Glock 49. Like Larry Vicker's photograph, it used the full-length Glock 47 slide and the Glock 19 frame. It differs from Vickers' photograph in that the slide is cut for the MOS optics option. The model is sold exclusively through TALO Distributors, and Glock does not offer to sell it directly.[119] The new model is essentially a crossover similar to the Glock 45, but in reverse. Instead of a compact slide mated to a full-grip frame, it is a full-length slide mated to a compact frame.
9×21mm
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- The 9×21mm pistol cartridge was adopted and commercialized by Israel Military Industries for those markets (such as in France, Italy, and Mexico)[a] where military service cartridges like the 9×19mm Parabellum are banned for civilian use. Glock produces 9×21mm-chambered versions of the Model 17, and other 9mm Parabellum models,[120] for these markets. These alternative caliber versions are marked with the same model number as the 9mm Parabellum version [b] only differing in the barrel and caliber marking. Glock does not export or produce the 9×21mm pistols for the United States commercial market. This makes any 9×21mm Glock model a unique and are a highly desirable item for US firearm collectors. A limited number of 9×21mm Glocks have found their way into the US and are mostly held by collectors and gun enthusiasts.[121]
- ^ Both France and Italy have since dropped this restriction.
- ^ This does not include the Glock 49, which is only being marketed to the US.
10mm Auto

- Glock 20: The Glock 20, introduced in 1991, was developed for the then-growing law enforcement and security forces market for the 10mm Auto. The pistol handles both full-power and reduced "FBI" loads that have reduced muzzle velocity. Due to the longer cartridge and higher pressures, the pistol is slightly larger than the Glock 17, having a roughly 2.5 mm (0.1 in) greater width and 7 mm (0.3 in) greater length. Though many small parts interchange with the Glock 17, with a close to 50% parts commonality, the major assemblies are scaled-up and do not interchange. The standard magazine capacity of the Glock 20 is 15 rounds, and there are no other factory magazine offerings. In 2009, Glock announced they would offer a 152 mm (6.0 in) barrel as a drop-in option.[88]
- Glock 20SF: The 20SF is a version of the Glock 20 that uses the Short Frame (SF) which is based on the standard G20 frame (same width), but reduces the trigger reach from the back of the grip by 2.5 mm (0.098 in) and the heel of the pistol is shortened by 4 mm (0.16 in) so the trigger can be reached and operated better by users with relatively small hands.
- Glock 29: The Glock 29 is a 10mm Auto equivalent of the subcompact Glock 26 introduced in 1997 along with the Glock 30 (.45 ACP). The pistol features a 96 mm (3.8 in) barrel and a standard magazine capacity of 10 rounds. Like other subcompact Glock pistols, the Glock 29 functions with the factory magazines from its related full-size model, giving an optional capacity of 15 rounds.
- Glock 29SF: The 29SF version of the Glock 29 uses the SF which is based on the standard G29 frame (same width), but reduces the trigger reach from the back of the grip by 2.5 mm (0.098 in).
- Glock 40: The Glock 40, introduced in 2015, is a 10mm Auto equivalent of the long-slide Glock 17L. The Glock 40 is only made with the "Gen4" frame and "MOS" (Modular Optic System) configuration.[122] The Glock 40 uses the same magazine as the Glock 20.
.45 ACP
Glock pistols chambered for the .45 ACP (and the .45 GAP) feature octagonal polygonal rifling rather than the hexagonal-shaped bores used for models in most other chamberings.[123] Octagonal rifling provides a better gas seal in relatively large diameter rifled bores, since an octagon resembles a circle more closely than a hexagon.[72]
- Glock 21: The Glock 21 is a .45 ACP version of the Glock 20 designed primarily for the American market.[124] Compared to the Glock 20 chambered in 10mm Auto, the slide of the Glock 21 is lighter to compensate for the lower-energy .45 ACP cartridge. The standard Glock 21 magazine is of the single-position-feed, staggered-column type with a capacity of 13 rounds. While there is no other factory magazine, a "+1" base plate is available to make the magazine 14-round.
- Glock 21SF: The 21SF is a version of the Glock 21 that uses a Short Frame lower which is based on the standard G21 frame (same width), but reduces trigger reach from the back of the grip by 2.5 mm (0.098 in), and the heel of the pistol is shortened by 4 mm (0.16 in) so the trigger can be reached and operated better by users with smaller hands.
- Glock 30: The Glock 30 is a .45 ACP version of the subcompact Glock 29, with a standard magazine capacity of 10 rounds. The standard magazine includes a "+1" base plate, and can be made into a 9-round magazine by swapping in a flush base plate. The factory magazine from the Glock 21, with a capacity of 13 rounds (14 rounds with the +1 base plate), will function in the Glock 30.
- Glock 30SF: The 30SF is a version of the Glock 30 that uses a Short Frame lower which is based on the standard G30 frame (same width), but reduces trigger reach from the back of the grip by 2.5 mm (0.098 in). The G30SF accepts the same double-stack .45ACP magazines as the G30 and G21.[125]
- Glock 30S: The 30S is a version of the Glock 30 that features a thin slide (same slide as the G36), a Short Frame lower, and the same double stack magazines as the Glock 30 and 21.[126] Like the G30, G30S magazines holds 10 rounds.[127]
- Glock 36: The Glock 36 is a "slimline" version of the subcompact Glock 30 that features an ultracompact slide and frame and is chambered for the .45 ACP cartridge. The Glock 36 is the first Glock pistol to be manufactured with a single-stack magazine, having a standard capacity of six rounds and being unique to the model. The Glock 36 cannot use factory magazines from its larger relatives due to its single-stack magazine design.
- Glock 41: The Glock 41 is a competition version of the Glock 21, much like what the G34 is in relation to the G17; it features a 5.3-inch barrel and an elongated slide. The Glock 41 is only made with the "Gen4" frame.[128]
.40 S&W


In 1990, Smith & Wesson and Winchester developed the .40 Smith & Wesson by shortening the 10mm case. This created a round that was more powerful than the 9mm Parabellum but with more manageable recoil. The round was also still operable in the smaller frame size used for Glock 9mm models. As is typical of many pistols chambered in .40 S&W, each of the standard Glock models (22, 23, and 27) may be easily converted to the corresponding .357 SIG chambering (Glock 31, 32, and 33, respectively) simply by replacing the barrel. No other parts need to be replaced, as the .40 S&W magazines will feed the .357 SIG rounds.
- Glock 22: The Glock 22 is a .40 S&W version of the full-sized Glock 17 introduced in 1990. The pistol uses a modified slide, frame, and barrel to account for the differences in size and power of the .40 S&W cartridge. The standard magazine capacity is 15 rounds. A 10-round version of this magazine is also offered for those markets where the magazine capacity for handguns is restricted. Additionally, the standard magazine is available with a "+1" base plate to make it a 16-round magazine. And, there is a Glock factory 22-round extended magazine offered. One can also swap in the +1 base plate to make that a 23-round magazine. The Glock Model 22 is favored and used by multiple law enforcement agencies around the world, including the Baltimore Police Department, Los Angeles Police Department, Miami Police Department, Maryland State Police, Cumberland County Sheriff's Department (NJ), Overland Park Police Department, Kansas City Police Department, Missouri State Highway Patrol, and Alaska State Troopers in the United States; the NSW Police Force, Queensland Police Service and the Northern Territory Police Force in Australia; the Edmonton Police Service, Calgary Police Service, Alberta Sheriffs Branch, Winnipeg Police Service, Toronto Police Service, Ottawa Police Service, and British Columbia Sheriff Service in Canada; and the National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines).
- Glock 23: The Glock 23 is a .40 S&W version of the compact Glock 19. It is dimensionally identical to the Glock 19, but is slightly heavier and uses a modified slide, frame, .40 S&W barrel, and a standard magazine capacity of 13 rounds. For jurisdictions limiting the magazine capacity of handguns, Glock offers a 10-round version of the standard magazine as well. There is also a factory 14-round version of the standard magazine using the +1 base plate. Finally, any magazine made for the Glock 22 will work in the Glock 23.
- Glock 24: The Glock 24 is a .40 S&W long-slide variant of the Glock 22, similar in concept to the Glock 17L. Additionally, a compensated, ported-barrel version designated the 24C was also produced. The Glock 24 was introduced in 1994 and officially dropped from the company's regular product lineup upon the release of the Glock 34 and 35.[129] The Glock 24 can use any magazine made for the Glock 22.
- Glock 27: The Glock 27 is a .40 S&W version of the subcompact Glock 26, with a standard magazine capacity of 9 rounds. Glock also offers a 10-round version of this magazine with the +1 base plate. The factory magazines from the larger Glock 22 and 23 will function in the Glock 27, increasing capacity to 13, 14, 15, 16 or 22 rounds. Spacers are available that fit on these larger-capacity magazines themselves; they have the effect of "extending" the magazine well of the pistol, thereby improving the ergonomic feel of the pistol when the longer magazines are inserted.
- Glock 35: The Glock 35 is a .40 S&W version of the competition Glock 34. The Glock Model 35 was the service pistol for the Kentucky State Police, but by the summer of 2017, they had reverted from the Glock 35 back to 9mm weapons because of penetration improvements in the 9mm bullets, noting some officers had never been able to make the switch from 9mm to .40 S&W in the first place due to their struggles in mastering the higher caliber.[130] The Glock 35 can use any magazine made for the Glock 22.
.380 ACP

The first two .380 ACP models (Glock 25 and 28) were released in 1995 to provide a less powerful alternative to the 9mm Parabellum and 9×21mm, and primarily intended for markets (such as Brazil) that prohibit civilian ownership of firearms chambered in more powerful calibers.[131] Made in Austria, they are legally prohibited from being imported for civilians in the United States, lacking sufficient points to meet the import restrictions.[132] Recently, a limited run of the Glock 28 were manufactured in Glock's US plant for sale in the US. The Glock 25 and 28 are also prohibited from ownership in Canada due to not meeting minimum barrel length requirements for handguns.
Due to the relatively low bolt thrust of the .380 ACP cartridge, the locked-breech design of the Glock 19 and Glock 26 was minimally modified for the Glock 25 and Glock 28 to implement unlocked breech operation. It operates via straight blowback of the slide. This required modification of the locking surfaces on the barrel, as well as a redesign of the former locking block. Unusual for a blowback design, the barrel is not fixed to the frame. It moves rearward in recoil until it is tilted below the slide, similar to the standard locked-breech system. The reduced size and mass of the Glock 42 allowed for the return to the Glock-standard locked-breech design.
- Glock 25: The Glock 25 , introduced in 1995, is a blowback derivative of the compact (102 mm (4.0 in) barrel) Glock 19. The magazine capacity is 15 rounds. Standard fixed sight elevation is 6.9 mm, unlike the 6.5 mm elevation used for the 9×19mm models.[133]
- Glock 28: The Glock 28 , introduced in 1997, is a blowback derivative of the subcompact (87 mm (3.4 in) barrel) Glock 26. The standard magazine capacity is 10 rounds, but the 15-round Glock 25 magazine will function in the Glock 28. Standard fixed-sight elevation is 6.9 mm, unlike the 6.5 mm elevation used for the 9×19mm Parabellum models.
- Glock 42: The Glock 42 , introduced in 2014, is a locked-breech "slimline" (83 mm (3.3 in) barrel) design. The single-stack magazine has a capacity of six rounds. It is Glock's smallest model ever made and is manufactured in the United States, which unlike the Glock 25 and 28, allows it to be sold in the domestic USA market.
.357 SIG

In 1994, SIG and Federal developed the .357 SIG to match the ballistics of typical .357 Magnum loads. This was done by necking down a shortened 10mm case to .357, so it was easy for Glock to alter their .40 Smith & Wesson models to the new caliber. As is typical of pistols chambered in .357 SIG, each of the standard Glock models (31, 32, and 33) may be easily converted to the corresponding .40 S&W chambering (Glock 22, 23, and 27, respectively) simply by replacing the barrel. No other parts need to be replaced, as the .357 SIG magazines will feed the .40 S&W round. Though marked as a different caliber, the .357 SIG magazines are the same as for the .40 S&W models and interchangeable.
- Glock 31: The Glock 31 is a .357 SIG variant of the full-sized Glock 22. The standard magazine capacity of the Glock 31 is 15 rounds. It can accept magazines intended for the Glock 22 as well.
- Glock 32: The Glock 32 is a .357 SIG variant of the compact Glock 23. The standard magazine capacity of the Glock 32 is 13 rounds. It can accept magazines intended for the Glock 31, Glock 22, or Glock 23 as well.
- Glock 33: The Glock 33 is a .357 SIG variant of the subcompact Glock 27. The standard magazine capacity of the Glock 33 is 9 rounds. It can also accept magazines intended for the Glock 32, Glock 31, Glock 22, Glock 23, and Glock 27.
.45 GAP
Glock pistols chambered for the .45 GAP (and the .45 ACP) feature octagonal polygonal rifling rather than the hexagonal-shaped bores used for models in most other chamberings.[123] Octagonal rifling provides a better gas seal in relatively large diameter rifled bores, since an octagon will have shorter sides and shallower angles than a hexagon.[72]
- Glock 37: The Glock 37 is a .45 GAP version of the Glock 17. It uses a wider, beveled slide, larger barrel, and different magazine, but is otherwise similar to the Glock 17. The Glock 37 first appeared in 2003. It was designed to offer ballistic performance comparable with the .45 ACP in the frame size of the Glock 17. The concern with the size of the Glock 20/21 has been addressed by the Glock 36, 21SF, and 30SF, all of which featured reduced-size frames. The standard magazine capacity of the Glock 37 is 10 rounds.
- Glock 38: The Glock 38 is a .45 GAP version of the compact Glock 19.[134] The standard magazine capacity of the Glock 38 is 8 rounds, but it can use the 10-round magazines of the Glock 37.
- Glock 39: The Glock 39 is a .45 GAP version of the subcompact Glock 26. The standard magazine capacity of the Glock 39 is 6 rounds, but it can use the 8- and 10-round magazines of the Glock 37 and Glock 38.
.22 Long Rifle
- Glock 44: The Glock 44 is a .22 Long Rifle rimfire model based on the Glock 19. While the Glock 44 is similar in size as the Glock 19, the Glock 44 has a magazine capacity of 10 rounds and uses a simple blowback mechanism instead of a locked breech mechanism used on nearly all other Glock pistols.[135] In addition, the Glock 44 is lighter than the G19, weighing in at just 12 ounces, and it retains Glock's popular polygonal rifling, which has been tested by Glock to work with lead .22 bullets. It uses a steel/polymer composite slide due to the lower slide mass required to function with the less powerful cartridge.[136] The 44 features the company's proprietary "Safe Action" trigger and a footprint so exact that holsters made for the 19 or 23 are interchangeable with the 44.[137]
Production in other countries

Aside from the original Austrian company, Glock pistols are manufactured by the Glock Inc. subsidiary division located in the United States. Those batches are identical to the Austrian-made ones, but they are marked as "USA", instead of "AUSTRIA", on the slide. As of 2015, there were plans to assemble Glock 17 pistols at army workshops in Uruguay to fulfill the needs of the national military services and law enforcement organizations.[138]
Russian firms such as Skat,[139][140] ORSIS,[141] and Izhmash[142] assemble three models of Glock pistols locally: the Glock 17, 34, and 35.
Clones
Third party frames and slides for Glock pistols began to appear in the early 2000s. This has led to "Glock" becoming a generic term encompassing pistols not made by Glock Ges.m.b.H. especially as expiring patents allowed for complete Glock clones to be made.[143] As of 2019, a large number of American companies produced Glock clones.[144]
There are three sidearms made by Iranian DIO's Shahid Kaveh Industry Complex which they call Ra'ad (has a safety selector, possibly an unlicensed copy of Glock 17), Glock 19 and Kaveh-17 (probably an improved Ra'ad, a variant of Glock 17S), all of which are unlicensed clones of Glock pistols.[145] It is not known if they could make their way to Iranian military and replace the Browning Hi-Power, M1911 and SIG P226 pistols and they were possibly some prototypes and have never gone on mass production.[146]
Turkish company Akdal Arms produces a pistol named the Ghost TR01, which is heavily influenced by Glock pistols in its design.[147]
The Tatmadaw of Myanmar have adopted a clone of the Glock 17 known as the MA5 MK II, which was first reported in 2018.[148] They are currently being manufactured and adopted for Myanmar's special forces units.[149] The pistol has a rounded trigger guard and the Tatmadaw emblem on the grip, the latter having rectangular spacing instead of the smaller dot-like spacing.[150]
The 205th Arsenal in Taiwan produces a copy of the Glock 19, named the T97 pistol. The Taiwan-made Glocks were made to replace the Smith & Wesson Model 5906 used by the Taiwan police, but it ultimately did not enter service.
In 2017, it was reported that Norinco was able to make a clone of the Glock 17[151] known as the NP-7 (or NP7).[152] The pistol was subcontracted to Hunan Ordnance Industry Group through the Hunan Ordnance and Light Weapons Research Institute.[153][154] Its features appear to be influenced by the fourth gen Glock 17.[155] The NP7 is being marketed for export sales.[155]
Unlicensed Glock clones are made in Pakistan's Khyber region,[156] which were first reported in 2018.[157][158]
Users

Criminal use
A 2014 report by the Chicago Police Department revealed that Glock pistols are the third most traced handgun, coming after those from Smith & Wesson and Sturm, Ruger & Co.[312]
Glock pistols have been used in mass shootings in the United States including the 1991 Luby's shooting, the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting, the 2011 Tucson shooting, the 2012 Aurora shooting, the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, the 2015 Charleston church shooting, the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting, and the 2022 New York City Subway attack. Experts on gun control, mass shootings, and defense training have cited factors such as reliability, ease of use, and commonness. The criminal use of handguns including Glocks has led to calls for increased gun control in the United States.[313][314][315] This common usage, however, has been described by Paul M. Barrett to be a result of Glock's overall popularity and market presence in the US and that "this level of violence isn't necessarily tied to a particular[,] to a brand". In the late 80s, gun control advocates had similarly focused on Glock pistols because of their magazine capacity (compared to six shot revolvers), but also their "futuristic, distinct appearance". They were singled out for restriction by some jurisdictions and were branded the "hijacker's special" based on the false assumption that they could bypass airport metal detectors because of their polymer frame. This was refuted in Congressional hearings by the ATF, FAA, and other organizations responsible for airline security, which proved embarrassing for the bans' advocates and provided significant publicity for Glock.[316][better source needed] In April 2022, Ilene Steur, a survivor of the 2022 NYC subway attack, sued Glock and its Austrian parent company for compensation for her physical injuries and emotional pain.[317] Glock pistols have also been used in mass shootings elsewhere in the world, including the 2001 Nepalese royal massacre, the 2002 Erfurt massacre, the killings committed by Viktor Kalivoda in 2005, the 2011 Norway attacks, the 2016 Munich shooting, and the 2023 Prague shooting.
See also
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Bibliography
- Kasler, Peter Alan (1992). Glock: The New Wave in Combat Handguns. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press. ISBN 978-0-873646499.
- Kokalis, Peter (2001). Weapons Tests and Evaluations: The Best of Soldier of Fortune. Boulder, Colorado: Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-581601220.
- Woźniak, Ryszard, ed. (2001). Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej [Encyclopedia of the Newest Firearms] (in Polish). Vol. Tom 2 (G-Ł). Bellona.
Further reading
- Boatman, Robert H. (2002). Living with Glocks: The Complete Guide to the New Standard in Combat Handguns. Boulder, Col.: Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-581603408.
- Taylor, Robin (2005). The Glock in Competition: A Shooter's "How To" Guide (2nd ed.). Bellingham, WA: Taylor Press. ISBN 978-0-966251746.
External links
- Official website
- Glock Collectors Association
- Glock Charts at Teracube.net - models, specifications and dimensions
