Loading article…
Băile Herculane (Latin: Aqua Herculis; German: Herkulesbad; Hungarian: Herkulesfürdő; Czech: Herkulovy Lázně, Turkish: Lazarethane, English: Herculean Baths) is a spa town in RomanianBanat, in Caraș-Severin County, situated in the valley of the Cerna River, between the Mehedinți Mountains to the east and the Cerna Mountains to the west, elevation 168 m (551 ft). Its current population is 3,787. The town administers one village, Pecinișca (Hungarian: Pecsenyeska; from 1912 to 1918 Csernabesenyő).
The spa town of Băile Herculane has a long history of human habitation. Numerous archaeological discoveries show that the area has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era. The Peștera Hoților (Cave of the Thieves), contains multiple levels, including one from the Mousterian period, one from the Mesolithic period (late Epigravettian) and several from the later Neolithic periods.
The Romans established the town of Ad Aquas Herculis based on the legend that the weary Hercules stopped in the valley to bathe and rest. Unearthed stone carvings show that visiting Roman aristocrats turned the town into a Roman leisure centre. Six statues of Hercules from the time have been discovered. A bronze replica of one of them, molded in 1874, stands as a landmark in the town centre.
Roman baths, mapped in 1774,[3] became the thermal spring now known as Hygea's Spring, had an area of 667 m2 with 11 rooms. In the middle of the building was a circular pool of 5 m diameter with steps descending to the pool floor. There was another rectangular pool with sides of 8 x 4.2 m. On the steep Cerna bank the Romans built another five buildings around thermal springs.
The ruins of the amphitheatre were 43 m from the left bank of the river. It had an outer diameter of 47.4 m. The Austrian architects took the massive ruins into account in order to create a rectangular park with terraces which still exists today in the centre.
1788年8月30日のメハディアの戦いでオスマン帝国が勝利した後、オーストリア軍とオスマン帝国軍がここで衝突した。 [ 4 ]オスマン帝国軍はこの小競り合いに勝利し、1788年9月7日に町を占領し、カランスベシュに進軍した。1789年9月末にオーストリア軍が町を奪還した。
バイレ・ヘルクラネは湿潤大陸性気候（ケッペンの気候区分ではDfb）です。
2021年の国勢調査によると、バイレ・ヘルクラネの人口は3,787人で、2011年の前回の国勢調査で記録された5,008人から減少している。[ 6 ]住民の大多数はルーマニア人（83.81%）で、ロマ人が少数派（1.66%）であり、13.97%は民族的所属が不明である。[ 7 ]宗教的な観点から見ると、住民の大多数は正教徒（82.31%）で、ローマ・カトリック教徒が少数派（1.85%）であり、14.47%は宗教的所属が不明である。[ 8 ]
In modern times, the spa town has been visited for its supposedly natural healing properties: hot springs with sulfur, chlorine, sodium, calcium, magnesium and other minerals, as well as negatively ionized air. Before World War II, when the first modern hotel was built (i.e. H Cerna, 1930) it remained a popular destination with Western Europeans.[9] During the Communist era, mass tourism facilities were built, such as the 8- to 12-storied concrete hotels Roman, Hercules A, Hercules B, Afrodita, Minerva, Diana, UGSR, etc. which dominate the skyline. It was visited by all kinds of people but was especially popular with employees and retirees, who would spend their state-allotted vacation vouchers there, hoping to improve their health. Today, they share the town with a younger crowd.
Treatment options include: aerosol therapy; massage; electrotherapy; kinesiotherapy (medical rehabilitation programs); thermal baths in an outdoor pool (with steam); balneotherapy with sulfurous and saline waters; mofettes and mineral water drinking cure; thermotherapy facilities with saunas; hydrokinesitherapy in pools and swimming areas; balneotherapy (sapropelic mud and paraffin wraps); reflexology; cryotherapy; acupuncture, and other procedures. The facilities available at this resort allow for the treatment of rickets, rheumatism, and osteoporosis; the alleviation of cardiovascular and arthritic conditions, as well as neurological, dermatological, or pediatric ailments.[10]
リゾートからは、ドモグレドシャイレ カラシュルイおよびシャイレ ネレイ ベウシュニシャ自然保護区[ 11 ]、ビガール滝とベウシュニシャ滝、コマルニ洞窟、アイアン ゲート自然公園[ 12 ]、バナット スフィンクス[ 13 ]、ラクル ドラクルイ (悪魔の湖)、オチウルへのツアーがあります。北ルイ湖[ 14 ]、バナト センメリング[ 15 ]、その他この地域には多くの観光スポットがあります。
1989年以降、チェルナ/ティエナ川沿いに、鉄道駅から水力発電ダムの端まで、新しい民間のペンションやホテルが次々と出現した。オーストリア＝ハンガリー帝国時代の建物のいくつかは、民営化後の管理不行き届きのため、浴場を含め、荒廃してしまった。 [ 16 ] 2010年代後半には、建物の安定化と最終的な修復を目的としたヘルクラネ・プロジェクトというNGOが設立された。 [ 17 ]
