Symptoms may appear at birth or after birth. The severity of symptoms depends on the type of TGV, and the type and size of other heart defects that may be present (ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus). Most babies with TGA have blue skin color (cyanosis) in the first hours or days of their lives, since dextro-TGA is the more common type.
Preexisting diabetes mellitus of a pregnant mother is a risk factor that has been described for the fetus having TGV.[3]
X-ray showing characteristic finding in a transposition of the great vessels, called the egg on side sign.
Diagnosis
Electrocardiogram: An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical activity of the heart through the use of electrodes that are placed on the body. The findings through this diagnostic method are not specific to only TGA. If TGA is present, rightward deviation of the QRS complex and right ventricular hypertrophy or biventricular hypertrophy may be noted.[3]
Chest X-ray: On chest X-ray (CXR), transposition of the great vessels typically shows a cardio-mediastinal silhouette appearing as an "egg on a string ", in which the enlarged heart represents an egg on its side and the narrowed, atrophicthymus of the superior mediastinum represents the string.[4]
Echocardiogram: An echocardiogram is an ultrasound of the heart that accurately assesses the heart’s structure and function, and can show the specific features of TGA, if present. This imaging modality allows for the definitive diagnosis of TGA to be made.[3]
Cardiac catheterization: Catheterization is done if other diagnostic tests do not provide enough information to make a diagnosis, or if a neonate is unstable. During this procedure, a catheter is inserted in the artery or vein in the groin and makes its way up to the heart. Dye is used to visualize the heart’s structures on x-ray. It can also measure the pressures in the heart and lungs.[2][3]
Treatment
All infants with TGA will need surgery to correct the defect. Life expectancy is only a few months if corrective surgery is not performed.
12"Transposition of the great arteries: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
1234Warnes CA (2006). "Transposition of the Great Arteries". Circulation. 114 (24): 2699–2709. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.592352. PMID17159076.
123456Martins P, Castela E (2008). "Transposition of the great arteries". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 3 27. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-3-27. ISSN1750-1172. PMC2577629. PMID18851735.
↑Marathe SP, Talwar S (2015). "Surgery for transposition of great arteries: A historical perspective". Annals of Pediatric Cardiology. 8 (2): 122–8. doi:10.4103/0974-2069.157025. PMC4453180. PMID26085763.
↑Baillie M (1795). The morbid anatomy of some of the most important parts of the human body - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine (The first Americaned.).
External links
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