脅迫

インド刑法（IPC）およびシンガポール刑法、マレーシア刑法、パキスタン刑法、バングラデシュ刑法など、IPCに基づく他国の刑法では、「犯罪的脅迫」は第503条から第506条の下で処罰の対象となる犯罪とされている。^{[ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ]}

「脅迫」は、アメリカ合衆国のいくつかの州で犯罪として認められている。脅迫罪の定義は州によって異なる。

モンタナ州では、脅迫は次のように定義されています。^{[ 19 ]}

45-5-203. 脅迫。

（１）他人に何らかの行為を行わせ、または行わせないようにする目的で、正当な権限なく以下のいずれかの行為を行うという脅迫を、その脅迫が実行される恐れが生じるような状況下で他人に伝えたときは、脅迫罪を犯す。

（a）脅迫された者または他の者に身体的危害を加えること。

（b）いかなる者に対しても、身体的な監禁または拘束を行うこと。

（c）重罪を犯す。

（２）生命や財産を危険にさらすような差し迫った火災、爆発、災害の脅迫または虚偽の報告を故意に伝達した者は、脅迫罪を犯したことになる。

（３）脅迫罪で有罪判決を受けた者は、１０年を超えない期間、州刑務所に収監されるか、５万ドルを超えない額の罰金に処せられるか、またはその両方に処せられる。

Several states have a crime called "ethnic intimidation". For instance, the law of the state of Michigan reads:^[20]

750.147b Ethnic intimidation.

Sec. 147b.

(1) A person is guilty of ethnic intimidation if that person maliciously, and with the specific intent to intimidate or harass another person because of that person's race, colour, religion, gender, or national origin, does any of the following:

(a) Causes physical contact with another person.

(b) Damages, destroys or defaces any real or personal property of another person.

(c) Threatens, by word or act, to do any act described in subdivision (a) or (b), if there is reasonable cause to believe that an act described in subdivision (a) or (b) will occur.

(2) Ethnic intimidation is a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 2 years, or by a fine of not more than $5,000.00, or both.

(3) Regardless of the existence or outcome of any criminal prosecution, a person who suffers an injury to his or her person or damage to his or her property as a result of ethnic intimidation may bring a civil cause of action against the person who commits the offence to secure an injunction, actual damages, including damages for emotional distress, or other appropriate relief. A plaintiff who prevails in a civil action brought according to this section may recover both of the following:

(a) Damages in the amount of 3 times the actual damages described in this subsection or $2,000.00, whichever is greater.

(b) Reasonable attorney fees and costs.

Crimes closely related to intimidation are menacing, coercion, terrorizing,^[3] and assault.^{[note 1]}

In California, making criminal threats is a wobbler and may be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony under California Penal Code 422.^[21] A felony criminal threat is a strike under California's three strikes law.

Intimidation can also be a civil offense, in addition to a criminal offense, in some U.S. states. For example, in Oregon a violation of the state criminal statute for intimidation results in a civil violation.^[22] The plaintiff in the civil suit for intimidation may then secure remedies including an injunction or special and general damages.^[22]