↑Golombok S, Lader M (August 1984). "The psychopharmacological effects of premazepam, diazepam and placebo in healthy human subjects". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 18 (2): 127–133. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02444.x. PMC1463527. PMID6148956.
↑de Visser SJ, van der Post JP, de Waal PP, Cornet F, Cohen AF, van Gerven JM (January 2003). "Biomarkers for the effects of benzodiazepines in healthy volunteers". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 55 (1): 39–50. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.t01-10-01714.x. PMC1884188. PMID12534639.
↑"Benzodiazepine Names". non-benzodiazepines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2008-12-08. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
↑Hsiung R (July 1995). "Benzodiazepine Equivalence Charts". dr-bob.org. Archived from the original on 2009-02-09. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
↑By the American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel; etal. (American Geriatrics Society 2015 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel) (November 2015). "American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults". Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 63 (11): 2227–2246. doi:10.1111/jgs.13702. PMID26446832. S2CID38797655.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑Salzman C (15 May 2004). Clinical geriatric psychopharmacology (4thed.). USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp.450–453. ISBN978-0-7817-4380-8.
↑Delcò F, Tchambaz L, Schlienger R, Drewe J, Krähenbühl S (2005). "Dose adjustment in patients with liver disease". Drug Safety. 28 (6): 529–545. doi:10.2165/00002018-200528060-00005. PMID15924505. S2CID9849818.
↑Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S (August 2008). "Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics". Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 118 (2): 69–86. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. PMID18384456. S2CID24453988.
↑Ashton H (July 1994). "Guidelines for the rational use of benzodiazepines. When and what to use". Drugs. 48 (1): 25–40. doi:10.2165/00003495-199448010-00004. PMID7525193. S2CID46966796.
↑"benzo.org.uk: Benzodiazepines: How They Work & How to Withdraw, Prof C H Ashton DM, FRCP, 2002". benzo.org.uk. Retrieved 2019-12-19.
↑"Benzodiazepine Equivalence Chart". www.mental-health-today.com. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023.
↑"Benzodiazepine Equivalence Table". www.bcnc.org.uk. April 2007. Archived from the original on 2015-02-06.
12Farinde A (31 July 2018). "Benzodiazepine Equivalency Table". Medscape.
↑"Benzodiazepines Information for GPs"(PDF). Drug and Alcohol Services South Australia.
12Moylan S, Giorlando F, Nordfjærn T, Berk M (March 2012). "The role of alprazolam for the treatment of panic disorder in Australia". The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 46 (3): 212–224. doi:10.1177/0004867411432074. PMID22391278. S2CID11006795.
↑van Steveninck AL, Gieschke R, Schoemaker RC, Roncari G, Tuk B, Pieters MS, etal. (June 1996). "Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of bretazenil and diazepam with alcohol". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 41 (6): 565–573. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.38514.x. PMC2042631. PMID8799523.
12345"Benzodiazepine Names". non-benzodiazepines.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2008-12-08. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
↑N. Edinoff, Amber; A. Nix, Catherine; S. Odisho, Amira; P. Babin, Caroline; G. Derouen, Alyssa; C. Lutfallah, Salim; M. Cornett, Elyse; Murnane, Kevin S.; M. Kaye, Adam (22 August 2022). Müller, Thomas; Yamauchi, Junji (eds.). "Novel Designer Benzodiazepines: Comprehensive Review of Evolving Clinical and Adverse Effects". Neurology International. 14 (3): 652. doi:10.3390/neurolint14030053. PMC9397074. PMID35997362.
↑"NMS Labs Report"(PDF). NMS Labs. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
↑Moosmann B, Bisel P, Auwärter V (2014). "Characterization of the designer benzodiazepine diclazepam and preliminary data on its metabolism and pharmacokinetics". Drug Testing and Analysis. 6 (7–8): 757–763. doi:10.1002/dta.1628. PMID24604775.
↑Health Santé Canada, Federal Government of Canada (January 20, 2012). "Status Decision of Controlled and Non-Controlled Substances"(PDF). Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. 1: 2.
↑Indiana General Assembly. "House Bill 1019 - Controlled substances". Indiana General Assembly. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
↑Moosmann B, Huppertz LM, Hutter M, Buchwald A, Ferlaino S, Auwärter V (November 2013). "Detection and identification of the designer benzodiazepine flubromazepam and preliminary data on its metabolism and pharmacokinetics". Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 48 (11): 1150–1159. Bibcode:2013JMSp...48.1150M. doi:10.1002/jms.3279. PMID24259203.
↑Huppertz LM, Moosmann B, Auwärter V (January 2018). "Flubromazolam - Basic pharmacokinetic evaluation of a highly potent designer benzodiazepine". Drug Testing and Analysis. 10 (1): 206–211. doi:10.1002/dta.2203. PMID28378533.
↑Esmailian M, Ahmadi O, Taheri M, Zamani M (September 2015). "Comparison of haloperidol and midazolam in restless management of patients referred to the Emergency Department: A double-blinded, randomized clinical trial". Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 20 (9): 844–849. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003079.pub4. PMC6486117. PMID29219171.
↑Barzaghi N, Leone L, Monteleone M, Tomasini G, Perucca E (1989). "Pharmacokinetics of flutoprazepam, a novel benzodiazepine drug, in normal subjects". European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. 14 (4): 293–298. doi:10.1007/BF03190114. PMID2633923. S2CID20710732.
↑Swift CG, Swift MR, Ankier SI, Pidgen A, Robinson J (August 1985). "Single dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral loprazolam in the elderly". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 20 (2): 119–128. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb05041.x. PMC1400680. PMID2864049.
↑Shah D, Borrensen D (2011). "Benzodiazepines: A Guide to Safe Prescribing"(PDF). The Carlat Report: Psychiatry. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2015-07-01. Retrieved 2015-06-28.
↑Vancouver Hospital Pharmaceutical Sciences. "Comparison of Benzodiazepines".
↑Moosmann B, Hutter M, Huppertz LM, Auwärter V. "Characterization of the designer benzodiazepines pyrazolam and flubromazepam and study on their detectability in human serum and urine samples"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2014-11-05. Retrieved 2014-11-05.
12"Romazicon 2 (flumazenil) 3 Injection"(PDF). Genentech, Inc.
12"Flumazenil Injection, Solution [App Pharmaceuticals, Llc]". DailyMed. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2014-08-15.
↑Fleisher GR, Ludwig S, Silverman BK (2002). Synopsis of pediatric emergency medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p.409. ISBN978-0-7817-3274-1.
12"Toxicological analyses". Retrieved 21 March 2013.
↑Vale JA, Kulig K (2004). "Position paper: gastric lavage". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 42 (7): 933–943. doi:10.1081/CLT-200045006. PMID15641639. S2CID29957973.
↑"APPG for Involuntary Tranquilliser Addiction". benzo.org.uk. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
↑Sternbach LH (January 1979). "The benzodiazepine story". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 22 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1021/jm00187a001. PMID34039.
↑Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Hansch C (1994). "Quantitative structure-activity relationships of the benzodiazepines. a review and reevaluation". Chemical Reviews. 94 (6): 1483–1505. doi:10.1021/cr00030a002.
↑Edinoff AN, Nix CA, Odisho AS, Babin CP, Derouen AG, Lutfallah SC, Cornett EM, Murnane KS, Kaye AM, Kaye AD (Aug 2022). "Novel Designer Benzodiazepines: Comprehensive Review of Evolving Clinical and Adverse Effects". Neurol Int. 14 (3): 648–663. doi:10.3390/neurolint14030053. PMC9397074. PMID35997362.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑Yu X, Greenblatt HK, Greenblatt DJ (Feb 2023). "Designer benzodiazepines: an update". Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 16 (2): 109–117. doi:10.1080/17512433.2023.2170349. PMID36649662.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑Haefely W, Kyburz E, Gerecke M, Mohler H (1985). "Recent advances in the molecular pharmacology of benzodiazepine receptors and in the structure-activity relationships of their agonists and antagonists". Adv. Drug Res. 1985 (14): 165–322.
↑Winkler DA, Burden FR, Watkins AJ (January 1998). "Atomistic Topological Indices Applied to Benzodiazepines using Various Regression Methods". Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships. 17 (1): 14–19. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3838(199801)17:01<14::AID-QSAR14>3.0.CO;2-U.
↑Thakur A, Thakur M, Khadikar P (November 2003). "Topological modeling of benzodiazepine receptor binding". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 11 (23): 5203–5207. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2003.08.014. PMID14604684.
↑So SS, Karplus M (December 1996). "Genetic neural networks for quantitative structure-activity relationships: improvements and application of benzodiazepine affinity for benzodiazepine/GABAA receptors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 39 (26): 5246–5256. doi:10.1021/jm960536o. PMID8978853.
↑Braestrup C, Nielsen M (1983). "Benzodiazepine receptors. Biochemical Studies of CNS Receptors". In Iversen LL, Iversen SD, Snyder SH (eds.). Handbook of Psychopharmacology. Springer. ISBN978-1-4684-4361-5.
↑Zhang W, Diaz-Arauzo H, Allen MS, Koehler KF, Cook JM (1996). "Chapter 7: Chemical and computer assisted development of the inclusive pharmacophore of benzodiazepine receptors.". In Choudhary MI (ed.). Studies in Medicinal Chemistry. CRC Press. p.303. ISBN978-3-7186-5879-4.
↑Obradović AL, Joksimović S, Poe MM, Ramerstorfer J, Varagic Z, Namjoshi O, etal. (March 2014). "Sh-I-048A, an in vitro non-selective super-agonist at the benzodiazepine site of GABAA receptors: the approximated activation of receptor subtypes may explain behavioral effects". Brain Research. 1554: 36–48. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.036. PMC3996760. PMID24472579.
↑Cornett EM, Novitch MB, Brunk AJ, Davidson KS, Menard BL, Urman RD, Kaye AD (June 2018). "New benzodiazepines for sedation". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology. 32 (2): 149–164. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2018.06.007. PMID30322456. S2CID53501694.
↑Clayton T, Poe MM, Rallapalli S, Biawat P, Savić MM, Rowlett JK, etal. (2015). "A Review of the Updated Pharmacophore for the Alpha 5 GABA(A) Benzodiazepine Receptor Model". International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2015 430248. doi:10.1155/2015/430248. PMC4657098. PMID26682068.
↑Moosmann B, King LA, Auwärter V (June 2015). "Designer benzodiazepines: A new challenge". World Psychiatry. 14 (2): 248. doi:10.1002/wps.20236. PMC4471986. PMID26043347.
↑Moosmann B, Auwärter V (2018). "Designer Benzodiazepines: Another Class of New Psychoactive Substances". In Maurer H, Brandt S (eds.). New Psychoactive Substances. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol.252. pp.383–410. doi:10.1007/164_2018_154. ISBN978-3-030-10560-0. PMID30367253.
↑Manchester KR, Lomas EC, Waters L, Dempsey FC, Maskell PD (January 2018). "The emergence of new psychoactive substance (NPS) benzodiazepines: A review". Drug Testing and Analysis. 10 (1): 37–53. doi:10.1002/dta.2211. PMID28471096.
↑Waters L, Manchester KR, Maskell PD, Haegeman C, Haider S (May 2018). "The use of a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model to predict GABA-A receptor binding of newly emerging benzodiazepines". Science & Justice. 58 (3): 219–225. doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2017.12.004. PMID29685303.
↑Zawilska JB, Wojcieszak J (July 2019). "An expanding world of new psychoactive substances-designer benzodiazepines". Neurotoxicology. 73: 8–16. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.015. PMID30802466. S2CID73461430.
↑Blair T, Webb GA (September 1977). "Electronic factors in the structure-activity relationship of some 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 20 (9): 1206–1210. doi:10.1021/jm00219a019. PMID926122.
↑Biagi GL, Barbaro AM, Guerra MC, Babbini M, Gaiardi M, Bartoletti M, Borea PA (February 1980). "Rm values and structure-activity relationship of benzodiazepines". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 23 (2): 193–201. doi:10.1021/jm00176a016. PMID7359533.
↑Catalani V, Floresta G, Botha M, Corkery JM, Guirguis A, Vento A, Abbate V, Schifano F (Jan 2023). "In silico studies on recreational drugs: 3D quantitative structure activity relationship prediction of classified and de novo designer benzodiazepines". Chem Biol Drug Des. 101 (1): 40–51. doi:10.1111/cbdd.14119. PMID35838189.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑Liu X, Zhao L, Dong P, Ge X, Xiang X. Isolation and identification of the designer benzodiazepine cyclopropylflualprazolam in pressed candies marketed for sleep improvement. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2026 Mar 11;275:117459. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117459PMID41830715
Further reading
Gitlow S (1 October 2006). Substance Use Disorders: A Practical Guide (2nded.). USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. p.110. ISBN978-0-7817-6998-3.