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ISO 3166-1 アルファ 2 コードは、国際標準化機構(ISO)が発行したISO 3166標準[1]の一部であるISO 3166-1で定義されている2 文字の国コードであり、国、属領、および地理的に興味のある特別な地域を表します。これらは、ISO が発行した国コードの中で最も広く使用されており (他の 2 つはアルファ 3と数字)、インターネットの国コード トップレベル ドメインで最もよく使用されています(いくつかの例外を除く)。これらはまた、国際郵便システム内で適切な場合に郵便番号を拡張する国識別子として使用され、1 文字のコードで構成されていた以前のものに取って代わりました。これらは、1974 年の初版の ISO 3166 標準の一部として初めて含まれました。
用途と応用
ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 コードはさまざまな環境で使用され、他の標準の一部でもあります。場合によっては、完全に実装されていないことがあります。
完璧な実装
ISO 3166-1 アルファ 2 コードは、次の標準で使用されます。
不完全な実装
1985年以降、ISO 3166-1 アルファ2コードは、国別コードトップレベルドメイン(ccTLD)としてドメインネームシステムで使用されています。インターネット番号割り当て機関は現在、ほとんどがアルファ2コードに従ってccTLDを割り当てていますが、いくつか例外もあります。[8]たとえば、アルファ2コードがGBであるイギリスは、ccTLDとして.gbではなく.ukを使用しています。これは、 UKが現在、イギリスの要請によりISO 3166-1で例外的に予約されているためです。
WIPOコーディング標準ST.3はISO 3166-1アルファ2コードに基づいていますが、国際知的財産組織用の追加コードがいくつか含まれています。これらは現在ISO 3166-1では予約されており、現段階では使用されていません。[9]
欧州委員会は、通常、ISO 3166-1 alpha-2コードを使用していますが、2つの例外があります。ギリシャを表すにはEL（GRではない）が使用され、英国を表すにはUK（GBではない）が使用されます。[10] [11]それにもかかわらず、欧州共同体の官報は、ギリシャと英国を表すにはそれぞれGRとGBを使用することを指定しました。 [12] VAT管理の目的で、欧州委員会はギリシャと英国にそれぞれELとGBを使用しています。
国連は、国際車両登録コード（車両登録プレートの発行国を識別するために使用されるコード）として、 ISO 3166-1アルファ2およびアルファ3コードと、ISO 3166の作成以前のコードとの組み合わせを使用しています。これらのコードの一部は現在、ISO 3166-1で不確定に予約されています。[13]
IETF 言語タグ(BCP 47 標準トラックに準拠し、IANAレジストリで管理) も、部分的に ISO 3166-1 アルファ 2 コード (地域サブタグ用) から派生しています。国と地域に割り当てられた ISO 3166-1 コードの完全なリストは、地域サブタグとして使用できます。また、ISO 3166-1 で定義されている「例外的に予約されている」アルファ 2 コード ( UKを除く) も、言語タグの地域サブタグとして使用できます。ただし、ISO と合意した新しい安定性ポリシーは、ISO 3166-1 で削除されたサブタグの削除を回避するために実装されています。代わりに、それらは保持され、新しい推奨サブタグにエイリアスされるか、複数の国をグループ化するサブタグとして保持されます。他のいくつかの地域グループ化サブタグは、他の標準から派生しています。新しい安定性ポリシーでは、ISO 3166-1 から削除された古い割り当てコードは、別の国または地域に再割り当てされなくなります (過去に「CS」で発生したように)。
現在のコード
デコード表
以下は、すべての ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 コードの色分けされたデコード表です。
正式に割り当てられたコード要素
以下は現在公式に割り当てられている249のISO 3166-1アルファ2コードの完全なリストであり、以下の列があります。[1]
- コード: ISO 3166-1 アルファ 2 コード ( ISO 3166-2の記事を参照)
- 国名: ISO 3166 メンテナンス機関 (ISO 3166/MA) が公式に使用する英語の短縮名
- 年: アルファ 2 コードが初めて公式に割り当てられた年 (1974 年、ISO 3166 の初版)
- ccTLD : 対応する国コードトップレベルドメイン（一部は未割り当てまたは非アクティブ）。例外として、その国に別の ccTLD が割り当てられている場合は括弧内に表示されます。
- 注記: 非公式の注記
User-assigned code elements
User-assigned code elements are codes at the disposal of users who need to add further names of countries, territories, or other geographical entities to their in-house application of ISO 3166-1, and the ISO 3166/MA will never use these codes in the updating process of the standard. The following alpha-2 codes can be user-assigned: AA, QM to QZ, XA to XZ, and ZZ.[21] For example:
- The International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) uses QM as a second country code for the United States, as it ran out of three-character registrant codes within the US prefix. It also uses ZZ for some registrants assigned directly.[22]
- The Unicode Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR) assigns QO to represent Outlying Oceania (a multi-territory region containing Antarctica, Bouvet Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Christmas Island, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, the British Indian Ocean Territory, the French Southern Territories, and the United States Minor Outlying Islands), and ZZ to represent "Unknown or Invalid Territory". Before the adoption of the macroregion code EU by ISO, CLDR also used QU to represent the European Union.[23]
- The code QZ is being used by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) as an indicator for the Community Plant Variety Office.
- The code XA is being used by Switzerland[24] as a country code for the Canary Islands, although IC is already reserved for that purpose.
- The codes XA and XO are being used by Russia[25] to represent Abkhazia and South Ossetia respectively.
- The code XI is being used by the UK Government,[26] as an EORI number country code prefix for Northern Ireland, and the members of European Union for European Union value added tax reports with trade with Northern Ireland.[27]
- The code XK is being used by the European Commission[28] the IMF, and SWIFT,[29] the CLDR, and other organizations as a temporary country code for Kosovo.[30]
- The code XN is being used by WIPO as an indicator for the Nordic Patent Institute, an international organization common to Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.[31]
- The code XU is being used by WIPO as an indicator for the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants.
- The code XV is being used by WIPO as an indicator for the Visegrad Patent Institute.
- The code XX is being used by WIPO as an indicator for unknown states, other entities or organizations.
- UN/LOCODE assigns XZ to represent installations in international waters.[7]
Furthermore, the code element OO is designated as an escape code if the number of regular user-assigned code elements is not sufficient.[32]
Reserved code elements
Reserved code elements are codes which have become obsolete, or are required in order to enable a particular user application of the standard but do not qualify for inclusion in ISO 3166-1. To avoid transitional application problems and to aid users who require specific additional code elements for the functioning of their coding systems, the ISO 3166/MA, when justified, reserves these codes which it undertakes not to use for other than specified purposes during a limited or indeterminate period of time. The reserved alpha-2 codes can be divided into the following four categories: exceptional reservations, transitional reservations, indeterminate reservations, and codes currently agreed not to use.
Exceptional reservations
Exceptionally reserved code elements are codes reserved at the request of national ISO member bodies, governments and international organizations, which are required in order to support a particular application, as specified by the requesting body and limited to such use; any further use of such code elements is subject to approval by the ISO 3166/MA. The following alpha-2 codes are currently exceptionally reserved:
The following alpha-2 codes were previously exceptionally reserved, but are now officially assigned:
Transitional reservations
Transitional reserved code elements are codes reserved after their deletion from ISO 3166-1. These codes may be used only during a transitional period of at least five years while new code elements that may have replaced them are taken into use. These codes may be reassigned by the ISO 3166/MA after the expiration of the transitional period. The following alpha-2 codes are currently transitionally reserved:
The following alpha-2 code was previously transitionally reserved, but was later reassigned to another country as its official code:
For each deleted alpha-2 code, an entry for the corresponding former country name is included in ISO 3166-3. Each entry is assigned a four-letter alphabetic code, where the first two letters are the deleted alpha-2 code.
Indeterminate reservations
Indeterminately reserved code elements are codes used to designate road vehicles under the 1949 and 1968 United Nations Conventions on Road Traffic but differing from those contained in ISO 3166-1. These code elements are expected eventually to be either eliminated or replaced by code elements within ISO 3166-1. In the meantime, the ISO 3166/MA has reserved such code elements for an indeterminate period. Any use beyond the application of the two Conventions is discouraged and will not be approved by the ISO 3166/MA. Moreover, these codes may be reassigned by the ISO 3166/MA at any time. The following alpha-2 codes are currently indeterminately reserved:
The following alpha-2 codes were previously indeterminately reserved, but have been reassigned to another country as its official code:
- Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g Code notified to United Nations Secretary-General under 1949 or 1968 Road Traffic Conventions
- ^ a b c d e f Code in use for road transport purposes, but not notified to United Nations Secretary-General under 1949 Road Traffic Convention
- ^ a b c d e f g h Code under 1949 Road Traffic Convention
- ^ a b Code under 1968 Road Traffic Convention
- ^ Code notified to United Nations Secretary-General under 1949 or 1968 Road Traffic Conventions.
Previously used in international postal codes and vehicle registration codes to represent Finland (code was not officially assigned), and the code was previously listed as transitionally reserved from 1995-09 until 2012-06.
Code taken from name in Finnish and Swedish combined: Suomi Finland.
Codes currently agreed not to use
In addition, the ISO 3166/MA will not use the following alpha-2 codes at the present stage, as they are used for international intellectual property organizations in WIPO Standard ST.3:
WIPO Standard ST.3 actually uses EA, instead of EV, to represent the Eurasian Patent Organization. However, EA was already exceptionally reserved by the ISO 3166/MA to represent Ceuta and Melilla for customs purposes. The ISO 3166/MA proposed in 1995 that EV be used by WIPO to represent the Eurasian Patent Organization; however, this request was not honoured by WIPO.
Deleted codes
Besides the codes currently transitionally reserved and two other codes currently exceptionally reserved (FX for France, Metropolitan and SU for USSR), the following alpha-2 codes have also been deleted from ISO 3166-1:[36]
For each deleted alpha-2 code, an entry for the corresponding former country name is included in ISO 3166-3. Each entry is assigned a four-letter alphabetic code, where the first two letters are the deleted alpha-2 code.
See also
- List of FIPS country codes in FIPS 10-4, part of the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS)
- The Regional Indicator Symbol in Unicode, introduced to use these codes
- ISO 639-1, a different set of two-letter codes used for languages
References
- ^ a b c "Country Codes - ISO 3166". International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
- ^ "The International Standard Recording Code". International Federation of the Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on 2014-02-12. Retrieved 2009-03-06.
- ^ "Currency codes - ISO 4217". ISO.
- ^ "ISO6166 - an outline of the standard". Association of National Numbering Agencies. Archived from the original on 2009-07-27. Retrieved 2009-03-06.
- ^ "About BIC". Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. Archived from the original on 2009-03-01.
- ^ "IBAN Registry" (PDF). Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-01-02.
- ^ a b "UN/LOCODE Code List by Country". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
- ^ "IANA – Root Zone Database". Internet Assigned Numbers Authority.
- ^ "Standard ST.3 – Recommended standard on two-letter codes for the representation of states, other entities and intergovernmental organizations" (PDF). Handbook on Industrial Property Information and Documentation. World Intellectual Property Organization. April 2007. pp. 3.3.1–3.3.9.
- ^ "Publications Office – Interinstitutional style guide – Countries". European Union.
- ^ "Interinstitutional style guide – 'EU-27 and candidate countries'". publications.europa.eu. Retrieved 2022-10-03.
- ^ "Commission Regulation (EC) No 2645/98 of 9 December 1998 on the nomenclature of countries and territories for the external trade statistics of the Community and statistics of trade between Member States". Official Journal of the European Communities, L 335. European Union. 1998-12-10. pp. 22–29.
- ^ "Distinguishing signs used on vehicles in international traffic" (PDF). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.
- ^ a b "Codes to history: Code for formerly used names of countries completes the trilogy of country codes" (PDF). ISO Bulletin. ISO. April 2000. pp. 10–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 5, 2008.
- ^ "Falkland Islands Government". Archived from the original on 2016-12-11. Retrieved 2016-12-22.
- ^ a b "ISO 3166 – FAQs – Specific". ISO.
- ^ IANA .gb whois information
- ^ "NL - Netherlands (Kingdom of the)". ISO Online Browsing Platform.
- ^ Special Meeting of the Board Minutes ICANN, January 16, 2007
- ^ "Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
- ^ "Glossary for ISO 3166 - Codes for countries and their subdivisions". ISO.
- ^ "International ISRC Agency Bulletin 2010/02: Country Code for ISRC in the United States" (PDF). IFPI. 6 December 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-10. Retrieved 2019-02-27.
- ^ Mark Davis. "Unicode Technical Standard #35: Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML)". Unicode Consortium.
- ^ "List of Countries for the foreign trade statistics of Switzerland 2017" (PDF). ezv.admin.ch. 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-02.
- ^ "Мир ∙ География ∙ Справочник ∙ Президент России".
- ^ "Get an EORI number". gov.uk. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
- ^ Swedish tax Authority: This is how VAT is affected by Brexit - Special rules for trade with Northern Ireland
- ^ "Glossary:Country codes - Statistics Explained". europa.eu.
- ^ SWIFT: IBAN Registry Archived 2013-11-01 at the Wayback Machine, Release 50, September 2014
- ^ "XK country code for Kosovo". GeoNames Blog. 8 March 2010.
- ^ "Agreement between the Nordic Patent Institute and the International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization" (PDF). World Intellectual Property Organization. 1 May 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-07.
- ^ "Country codes in ISO 3166". davros.org. 2003-07-25. Retrieved 2018-11-13.
- ^ "EA -". ISO Online Browsing Platform.
- ^ "Codes for the representation of names of countries" (PDF) (First ed.). International Organization for Standardization. 15 December 1974. Retrieved 9 July 2021 – via cia.gov.
- ^ "Report on zr domain deletion". iana.org. IANA. June 20, 2001. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
- ^ Clive Feather (2003-07-25). "Country codes in ISO 3166 (Table 2: codes withdrawn from use)".
Sources and external links
- ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency, International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- Online Browsing Platform (OBP) — searchable list of country codes
- Text file (English, 2016)
- XML file (English, 2016)
- Reserved code elements under ISO 3166-1 "Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes", available on request from ISO 3166/MA
- The World Factbook (public domain), Central Intelligence Agency
- Appendix D – Country Data Codes — comparison of FIPS 10, ISO 3166, and STANAG 1059 country codes
- List of all countries with their 2 digit codes (ISO 3166-1) (CSV, JSON) Archived 2017-08-25 at the Wayback Machine
- Comprehensive country codes: ISO 3166, ITU, ISO 4217 currency codes and many more (CSV, JSON) Archived 2017-08-26 at the Wayback Machine
- Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids"), Statoids.com
- Country codes — comparison of ISO 3166-1 country codes with other country codes
- ISO 3166-1 Change History