Of the columns listed above, the following are the Roman columns. Romantriumphal columns were either monolithicpillars or composed of column drums; in the later case, these were often hollowed out to accommodate an ancient spiral staircase leading up to the platform on top.
The earliest triumphal column was Trajan's Column which, dedicated in 113 AD, defined its architectural form and established its symbolic value as a political monument alongside the older Roman triumphal arches, providing a lingering model for its successors to this day. The imperial capitals of Rome and Constantinople house the most ancient triumphal columns.
All dimensions are given here in metres, though it was the Roman foot by which ancient architects determined the harmonious proportions of the columns, and which is thus crucial for understanding their design.[13] The list is sorted by date of erection.
↑Landsberg, Torsten (9 February 2023). "150 years of Berlin's Victory Column: Changing symbolism". DW.com. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
↑Singer, Norie R.; Grey, Stephanie Houston; Motter, Jeff (1 September 2020). Rooted Resistance: Agrarian Myth in Modern America. University of Arkansas Press. p.52. ISBN9781682261439.
12Adam 1977, pp.50f, refers to base, column shaft plus capital.
↑Gehn, Ulrich (2012). "LSA-2458: Demolished spiral column once crowned by colossal statue of Theodosius I, emperor; later used for statue of Anastasius, emperor. Constantinople, Forum of Theodosius (Tauros). 386-394 and 506". Last Statues of Antiquity. Oxford University. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
↑Gehn, Ulrich (2012). "LSA-2459: Demolished spiral column once crowned by colossal statue of Arcadius, emperor. Constantinople, Forum of Arcadius. 401-21". Last Statues of Antiquity. Oxford University. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
↑San Marco, Byzantium and the Myths of Venice p.79 and note 10 on p.10
↑"La Columna de la Paz a través del tiempo | Centro de Fotografía de Montevideo". cdf.montevideo.gub.uy. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
アダム、ジャン・ピエール (1977)、「À propos du trilithon de Baalbek: Le Transport et la misse en oeuvre des mégalithes」、シリア、54 (1/2): 31–63 (50f.)、doi : 10.3406/syria.1977.6623