Jerzy Neyman

Jerzy Neyman
Neyman in 1969
Born	Jerzy Spława-Neyman (1894-04-16)April 16, 1894 Bendery, Bessarabia Governorate, Russian Empire (now Bender, Moldova)
Died	August 5, 1981(1981-08-05) (aged 87) Oakland, California, US
Nationality	Polish
Alma mater	University of Warsaw Kharkov University
Known for	Neyman construction Neyman–Pearson lemma Neyman–Rubin causal model Fisher–Neyman factorization theorem Confidence interval Hypothesis testing Statistics of galaxy clusters
Awards	Newcomb Cleveland Prize (1958) Guy Medal (Gold, 1966) National Medal of Science (1968) Fellow of the Royal Society[1]
Scientific career
Fields	Mathematics
Institutions	Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology University College London University of California, Berkeley
Doctoral advisor	Wacław Sierpiński
Doctoral students	George Dantzig Lucien Le Cam Evelyn Fix Erich Leo Lehmann Joseph Hodges Pao-Lu Hsu

Jerzy Neyman (April 16, 1894 – August 5, 1981; born Jerzy Spława-Neyman; Polish: [ˈjɛʐɨ ˈspwava ˈnɛjman]) was a Polish mathematician and statistician who first introduced the modern concept of a confidence interval into statistical hypothesis testing^[2] and, with Egon Pearson, revised Ronald Fisher's null hypothesis testing.

Neyman spent the first part of his professional career at various institutions in Warsaw, Poland, and then at University College London; and the second part, at the University of California, Berkeley.

He was born into a Polish family in Bendery, in the Bessarabia Governorate of the Russian Empire, the fourth of four children of Czesław Spława-Neyman and Kazimiera Lutosławska. His family was Roman Catholic, and Neyman served as an altar boy during his early childhood. Later, Neyman would become an agnostic. Neyman's family descended from a long line of Polish nobles and military heroes. He graduated from the Kamieniec Podolski gubernial gymnasium for boys in 1909 under the name Yuri Cheslavovich Neyman.^[3] He began studies at Kharkiv University in 1912, where he was taught by Ukrainian probabilist Sergei Natanovich Bernstein. After he read 'Lessons on the integration and the research of the primitive functions' by Henri Lebesgue, he was fascinated with measure and integration.

In 1921 he returned to Poland in a program of repatriation of POWs after the Polish-Soviet War. He earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree at University of Warsaw in 1924 for a dissertation titled "On the Applications of the Theory of Probability to Agricultural Experiments". He was examined by Wacław Sierpiński and Stefan Mazurkiewicz, among others. He spent a couple of years in London and Paris on a fellowship to study statistics with Karl Pearson and Émile Borel. After his return to Poland, he established the Biometric Laboratory at the Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology in Warsaw.

He published many books dealing with experiments and statistics, and devised the way which the FDA tests medicines today.

Neyman proposed and studied randomized experiments in 1923.^[4] Furthermore, his paper "On the Two Different Aspects of the Representative Method: The Method of Stratified Sampling and the Method of Purposive Selection", given at the Royal Statistical Society on 19 June 1934,^[5] was the groundbreaking event leading to modern scientific sampling. He introduced the confidence interval in his paper in 1937.^[6] Another noted contribution is the Neyman–Pearson lemma, the basis of hypothesis testing.

He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1928 in Bologna^[7] and a Plenary Speaker of the ICM in 1954 in Amsterdam.^[8]

In 1938 he moved to Berkeley, where he worked for the rest of his life. Thirty-nine students received their Ph.Ds under his advisorship. In 1966 he was awarded the Guy Medal of the Royal Statistical Society and, three years later, the U.S. National Medal of Science. He died in Oakland, California, in 1981.

• List of Poles

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jerzy Spława-Neyman.

Wikiquote has quotations related to Jerzy Neyman.

• O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Jerzy Neyman", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
• ASA biographical article by Chin Long Chiang
• Jerzy Neyman — Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences
• Biography of Jerzy Neyman from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences