Hybrid camel

Hybrid camel
F1 hybrid (tülü)
Conservation status
Domesticated
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Family:	Camelidae
Tribe:	Camelini
Genus:	Camelus
Species:	C. bactrianus × C. dromedarius

The hybrid camel is a domestic camelid hybrid between a Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) and dromedary (Camelus dromedarius). It is the offspring of a male Bactrian camel and a female dromedary.

Hybrid camels have different names depending on zone and language. Some names include Turkoman, tülu, bukht, nar, iner, iver, majen, bertuar, yaml, dromano, and dromel.^{[citation needed]}

A tülu camel is a breed of camel that results from mating a male Bactrian camel with a female dromedary. This breed is sometimes called an F1 hybrid camel. The resulting camel is larger than either a Bactrian or a dromedary, and has traditionally been used as a draft animal. This breed of camel is also the breed used in the sport of camel wrestling. Tülu camels have one large hump.^{[citation needed]}

Khorasan camels are a double-humped sturdy crossbreed between Arabian and Central Asian species. They were common in the caravans of ancient Persia.^[1]

Generally, a Camelus bactrianus × Camelus dromedarius hybrid is called an F1. It usually has a single large hump, sometimes slightly divided, and is larger than both parents, reaching 230 cm (91 in) at the shoulder and up to 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). This type of camel is extremely strong and is useful for hard work such as plowing and carrying loads. It is generally docile, tame and fertile.^{[citation needed]} It was also used in war by the Ottoman Turks.

Pure camel hybrids are mostly found in Russia, Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkey; however, they can also be found in Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan.^{[citation needed]}

The F1 can be further hybridized. An F1 female can mate with a male Bactrian camel: the result is a B1 backcross Bactrian. It generally has two humps and is faster than a common Bactrian and stronger than a dromedary. It can walk over snow, ice, and mud and is suitable even for mountain trails; this type can be found mostly in Kazakhstan.^{[citation needed]}

When an F1 female mates with a dromedary, the result is an B1 backcross dromedary, a slightly stronger dromedary and a rare type nowadays.^{[citation needed]}

• Cama, a hybrid with camel and llama.
• Huarizo, a cross between male llama and female alpaca
• Llamanaco, a cross between guanaco and llama has been reported in the wild in the Magallanes Region of Chile.^[2]
• Pacovicuña, a cross between alpaca and vicuña.

• Burger, Pamela Anna (2016). "The history of Old World camelids in the light of molecular genetics". Tropical Animal Health and Production. 48 (5): 905–913. doi:10.1007/s11250-016-1032-7. PMC 4884201. PMID 27048619.

• Bactrian Camels and Bactrian-Dromedary Hybrids
• Intact Ottoman 'war camel' found in Austrian cellar
• Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) and Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) crossbreeding husbandry practices in Turkey and Kazakhstan: An in-depth review