Haliartus

Haliartus or Haliartos (Ancient Greek: Ἁλίαρτος), also known as Ariartus, Ariartos, Hariartus, or Hariartos (Ἀρίαρτος or Ἁρίαρτος), was a town of ancient Boeotia, and one of the cities of the Boeotian League. It was situated on the southern side of Lake Copais in a pass between the mountain and the lake.^[1] It is mentioned in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad by Homer, who gives it the epithet ποιήεις (grassy) in consequence of its well-watered meadows.^[2]^[3] According to tradition it was founded by Haliartus, a son of Thersander, and grandson of Sisyphus.^[4]

During the Second Persian invasion of Greece, it was destroyed by the Persians (480 BC), but afterwards the citizens rebuilt it.^[5] In the Peloponnesian War appears as one of the chief cities of Boeotia.^[6] It is chiefly memorable in history on account of the Battle of Haliartus fought under its walls between Lysander and the Thebans, in which the former was slain, 395 BCE.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] In 171 BCE Haliartus was destroyed a second time. Having espoused the cause of Perseus of Macedon, it was taken by the Roman praetor Lucretius, who sold the inhabitants as slaves, carried off its statues, paintings, and other works of art, and razed it to the ground. Its territory was afterwards given to the Athenians, and it never recovered its former prosperity.^[11]^[12]^[13]Strabo speaks of it as no longer in existence in his time, and Pausanias, in his account of the place, mentions only a heroum of Lysander, and some ruined temples which had been burnt by the Persians and had been purposely left in that state.^[14]

ハリアルトス領（Ἁλιαρτία）は、コパイス湖に流れ込む多数の小川によって潤された非常に肥沃な平野であり、この地域ではコパイス湖はハリアルトス湿地と呼ばれていた。^{[ 15 ]}これらの小川は、オカレア、ロフィス、ホプリテス、ペルメッソス、オルメイウスという名前が付けられていた。パウサニアスによれば、ハリアルトス人はこの山の近くにプラキシディカエと呼ばれる女神の聖域を持っていたため、ハリアルトス領は西はティルフォシウム山まで広がっていた。 ^[¹⁶^]ペテオン、メデオン、オカレア、オンケストスの町はハリアルトス領内にあった。

Its site is located at the Kastri Maziou near modern Aliartos (formerly named Moulki, but renamed after the ancient town).^[17]^[18] The remains of Haliartus are situated upon a hill about a mile (1.6 km) from the village of Mazi, on the road from Thebes to Lebadeia, and at the distance of about 15 miles (24 km) from either place. The hill of Haliartus is not more than 50 feet (15 m) above the lake. It was visited in the 19th century by William Martin Leake who says, "that towards the lake the hill of Haliartus terminates in rocky cliffs, but on the other sides has a gradual acclivity. Some remains of the walls of the Acropolis, chiefly of polygonal masonry, are found on the summit of the hill; and there are several sepulchral crypts in the cliffs, below which, to the north, issues a copious source of water, flowing to the marsh, like all the other streams near the site of Haliartus. Although the walls of the exterior town are scarcely anywhere traceable, its extent is naturally marked to the east and west by two small rivers, of which that to the west issues from the foot of the hill of Mazi; the eastern, called the Kefalári, has its origin in Mount Helicon. Near the left bank of this stream, at a distance of 500 yards (480 m) from the Acropolis, are a ruined mosque and two ruined churches, on the site of a village which, though long since abandoned, is shown by these remains to have been once inhabited by both Greeks and Turks. Here are many fragments of architecture and of inscribed stones, collected formerly from the ruins of Haliartus. From this spot there is a distance of about three-quarters of a mile (1.2 km) to a tumulus westward of the Acropolis, where are several sarcophagi and ancient foundations near some sources of waters, marking probably the site. of the western entrance of the city."^[19]

The stream which flowed on the western side of the city is the one called Hoplites by Plutarch, where Lysander fell, and is apparently the same as the Lophis of Pausanias.^[20] The stream on the eastern side, called Kefalári, is formed by the union of two rivulets, which appear to be the Permessus and Olmeius, which are described by Strabo as flowing from Helicon, and after their union entering Lake Copais near Haliartus.^[21] The tumulus, of which Leake speaks, perhaps covers those who were killed along with Lysander, since it was near this spot that the battle was fought.

References

↑Strabo. Geographica. Vol. ix. p.411.ページ番号はアイザック・カソーボン版のページ番号に基づいています。
↑ホメロス『イリアス』第2巻503行。
↑ホメロス讃歌アポロ讃歌243
↑ギリシャ・ローマの伝記と神話辞典、ハリアルトゥス
↑ハリー・サーストン・ペック著『ハーパーズ古典古代事典』（1898年）、ハリアルトゥス
↑トゥキディデス『ペロポネソス戦争史』第4巻95章
↑クセノフォン。『ヘレニカ』第3巻5章17節以降。
↑ディオドロス・シクルス。Bibliotheca Historica (歴史図書館)。 Vol. 14.81。
↑プルタルコス『リュシオス』 28、29
↑パウサニアス(1918)。「5.3」。ギリシア案内記。第3巻。WHSジョーンズ、HA オーメロッド訳。マサチューセッツ州ケンブリッジ、ロンドン：ハーバード大学出版局、ウィリアム・ハイネマン– Perseus Digital Library経由。 9.32.5。
↑ポリュビオス『歴史』第30巻18章
↑リヴィ。Ab urbe condita Libri [ローマの歴史]。 Vol. 42.63。
↑ストラボ。ジオグラフィカ。 Vol. ix. p.411。ページ番号はアイザック・カソーボン版のページ番号に基づいています。
↑パウサニアス(1918)。「33.1」。ギリシア案内記。第9巻。WHSジョーンズ、HA オーメロッド訳。マサチューセッツ州ケンブリッジ、ロンドン：ハーバード大学出版局、ウィリアム・ハイネマン– Perseus Digital Library経由。 -3、10.35.2。
↑ストラボ。ジオグラフィカ。 Vol. ix. 407、411ページ。ページ番号はアイザック・カソーボン版のページ番号に基づいています。
↑パウサニアス(1918)。「33.3」。ギリシア案内記。第9巻。WHSジョーンズ、HA オーメロッド訳。マサチューセッツ州ケンブリッジ、ロンドン：ハーバード大学出版局、ウィリアム・ハイネマン– Perseus Digital Library経由。
↑タルバート、リチャード編 (2000).バリントン版ギリシャ・ローマ世界地図帳. プリンストン大学出版局. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9地図ごとの解説付き。
↑ルンド大学。ローマ帝国のデジタル地図帳。
↑Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 206, et seq.
↑PlutarchLys. 29; Pausanias (1918). "33.4". Description of Greece. Vol. 9. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.
↑Strabo. Geographica. Vol. ix. pp. 407, 411. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Haliartus". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

38°22′47″N23°05′18″E / 38.379818°N 23.088416°E / 38.379818; 23.088416

[1] Strabo. Geographica. Vol. ix. p.411.ページ番号はアイザック・カソーボン版のページ番号に基づいています。

[2] ホメロス『イリアス』第2巻503行。

[3] ホメロス讃歌アポロ讃歌243

[4] ギリシャ・ローマの伝記と神話辞典、ハリアルトゥス

[5] ハリー・サーストン・ペック著『ハーパーズ古典古代事典』（1898年）、ハリアルトゥス

[6] トゥキディデス『ペロポネソス戦争史』第4巻95章

[7] クセノフォン。『ヘレニカ』第3巻5章17節以降。

[8] ディオドロス・シクルス。Bibliotheca Historica (歴史図書館)。 Vol. 14.81。

[9] プルタルコス『リュシオス』 28、29

[10] パウサニアス(1918)。「5.3」。ギリシア案内記。第3巻。WHSジョーンズ、HA オーメロッド訳。マサチューセッツ州ケンブリッジ、ロンドン：ハーバード大学出版局、ウィリアム・ハイネマン– Perseus Digital Library経由。 9.32.5。

[11] ポリュビオス『歴史』第30巻18章

[12] リヴィ。Ab urbe condita Libri [ローマの歴史]。 Vol. 42.63。

[13] ストラボ。ジオグラフィカ。 Vol. ix. p.411。ページ番号はアイザック・カソーボン版のページ番号に基づいています。

[14] パウサニアス(1918)。「33.1」。ギリシア案内記。第9巻。WHSジョーンズ、HA オーメロッド訳。マサチューセッツ州ケンブリッジ、ロンドン：ハーバード大学出版局、ウィリアム・ハイネマン– Perseus Digital Library経由。 -3、10.35.2。

[15] ストラボ。ジオグラフィカ。 Vol. ix. 407、411ページ。ページ番号はアイザック・カソーボン版のページ番号に基づいています。

[16] パウサニアス(1918)。「33.3」。ギリシア案内記。第9巻。WHSジョーンズ、HA オーメロッド訳。マサチューセッツ州ケンブリッジ、ロンドン：ハーバード大学出版局、ウィリアム・ハイネマン– Perseus Digital Library経由。

[17] タルバート、リチャード編 (2000).バリントン版ギリシャ・ローマ世界地図帳. プリンストン大学出版局. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9地図ごとの解説付き。

[18] ルンド大学。ローマ帝国のデジタル地図帳。

[19] Leake, Northern Greece, vol. ii. p. 206, et seq.

[20] PlutarchLys. 29; Pausanias (1918). "33.4". Description of Greece. Vol. 9. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.

[21] Strabo. Geographica. Vol. ix. pp. 407, 411. Page numbers refer to those of Isaac Casaubon's edition.

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Haliartus

References

関連するトピック

Coordinates

Ancient Greek

ancient Boeotia

Boeotian League