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Yue (Chinese:越), also known as Yuyue (於越 or 于越), was a state in ancient China which existed during the first millennium BC – the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods of China's Zhou dynasty– in the modern provinces of Zhejiang, Shanghai and Jiangsu. Its original capital was Kuaiji (modern Shaoxing); after its conquest of Wu, Yue relocated its court north to the city of Wu (modern-day Suzhou). Yue was conquered by Chu in 333 BC.
A specific kingdom, which had been known as the "Yue Guo" (越國) in modern Zhejiang, was not mentioned until it began a series of wars against its northern neighbor Wu during the late 6th century BC. According to the Records of the Grand Historian and Discourses of the States, the Yue are descended from Wuyu, the son of Shao Kang, the sixth king of the Xia dynasty.
With help from Wu's enemy Chu, Yue won after several decades of conflict. The famous Yue King Goujian destroyed and annexed Wu in 473 BC. Yue then inherited Wu's good relations with Jin, and the two became allies. In 441 BC, Jin and Yue invaded Qi, whereupon Qi erected the Long Wall to prevent Yue attacks from southern Shandong.
Yue reached their apex in 404 BC, when they, along with their ally of Jin, invaded Qi and Lu. Qi and Lu made peace with Yue, with Qi ceding territory and allowing Yue to march triumphantly through the Lu capital. The Marquis of Lu drove King Yi's carriage, with the Marquis of Qi accompanying him.[1]
During the reign of Wuqiang (無彊), six generations after Goujian, Yue was partitioned by Chu and Qi in 333 BC.
Yue was famous for the quality of its metalworking, particularly its swords. Examples include the extremely well-preserved Swords of Goujian and Zhougou.
The Yue state appears to have been a largely indigenous political development in the lower Yangtze. This region corresponds with that of the old corded-ware Neolithic, and it continued to be one that shared a number of practices, such as tooth extraction, pile building, and cliff burial. Tai speakers also still lived in the region down to its conquest and sinification beginning about 240 BC.[2]
What set the Yue apart from other Sinitic states of the time was their possession of a navy.[3] Yue culture was distinct in its practice of naming boats and swords.[4] A Chinese text described the Yue as a people who used boats as their carriages and oars as their horses.[5]
Their ancestral name is rendered variously as either Si (姒) or Luo (雒 or 駱).[6][7]
After the fall of Yue, the ruling family moved south to what is now northern Fujian and set up the Minyue kingdom. This successor state lasted until around 150 BC, when it miscalculated an alliance with the Han dynasty.
呉江の次男である明帝は、楚の王によって武城（現在の湖州市武興区）の大臣に任命された。彼は欧陽亭侯の称号を与えられ、その名は欧峪山の南側にある楼閣に由来する。秦の始皇帝は紀元前223年に楚を征服した後、この称号を廃止したが、かつての支配者の子孫や臣民は、それを記念して欧、欧陽、欧侯という姓を名乗るようになった。
宗教指導者の徐昌が西暦172年に漢王朝に対して反乱を起こした際、彼は越国の復興を宣言し、父の徐勝を「越王」に任命した。反乱軍は174年に鎮圧された。[ 8 ]
中国の天文学には、岳にちなんで名付けられた星が2つある。
ウイルス属Yuyuevirus とウイルス科Yueviridaeはどちらも州名にちなんで名付けられている。[ 13 ]
越州で話されていた可能性のある言語は、タイ・カダイ語族とオーストロネシア語族に由来する可能性がある。上海郊外で話されている馬橋呉語の方言では、調査された1000語以上の語彙項目のうち、126語のタイ・カダイ語族の同源語が確認されている。 [ 15 ]著者によると、これらの同源語は「古越語」（古越語; Gǔyuèyǔ）の痕跡である可能性が高い。[ 15 ]