Double tonic

A double tonic is a chord progression, melodic motion, or shift of level consisting of a "regular back-and-forth motion" in melody similar to Bruno Nettl's pendulum type though it uses small intervals, most often a whole tone though may be almost a semitone to a minor third (see pendular thirds).^[1]

It is extremely common in African music ("Mkwaze mmodzi"), Asian music, and European music, including:^[3]

• European Middle Ages music such as "Sumer is Icumen in"
• Elizabethan popular music such as "The Woods so Wild" and "Dargason"
• Classical music featuring the regular alternation of tonic-dominant
• Alternating 'discords' such as in Debussy or Stravinsky
• Gustav Mahler has also used this kind of musical pendulum motion
• "Scottish" and European music such as "Donald MacGillavry"
• Sea shanties and other work songs such as "Drunken Sailor", "Roun' de Corn, Sally", and "Shallow Brown", and in
• Football chants such as:

In American music, a rare example of a double-tonic is the spiritual "Rock my Soul" though American popular music began to use the double tonic commonly in the last half of the 1900s,^[3] including Beck's "Puttin It Down".^[4]

ダブルトニックパターンは、低い音（「Sumer is Icumen in」、「The Woods so Wild」、「The Irish Washerwoman」）または高い音（ほとんどのスコットランドの曲、パッサメッツォ・アンティコ、「Roun' de Corn, Sally」、「Shallow Brown」、「Mkwaze mmodzi」）で始まるものとして分類でき、開放的に繰り返される場合もありますが、多くの場合、次の例のようにトニッククローズで閉じられます 。^{[ 5 ]}

Am|G|Am-G|Am||

また、属音、主音で終わる二部形式によって変化させることもよくあります。例えば、次のようになります。

Am|G|Am|E|| Am|G|Am-G|Am||

または、

Am|G|Am|E|| Am|G|Am-E|Am||

この最後の進行の変形として、パッサメッツォ・アンティコがある。^{[ 5 ]}

• 補体
• 二次強壮剤
• スーパートニック
• 亜緊張性
• レベル（音楽）