↑筋骨格系。Dutton M. 編著『 Duttonの整形外科的検査、評価、介入、第5版』McGraw-Hill; 2021年1月25日アクセス。https : //accessphysiotherapy-mhmedical-com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/content.aspx ?bookid=2707§ionid=224662311
1 2 3 Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Mitchell, Adam WM; Gray, Henry (2015). "骨格系". Gray's Anatomy for Students (第3版). Bukupedia. p. 20. ISBN978-0-7020-5131-9OCLC 881508489
↑ Tortora & Derrickson ()解剖学と生理学の原理(第12版)。Wiley & Sons
↑マイルズ、リンダ。「LibGuides: BIO 140 - 人体生物学 I - 教科書: 第 41 章 - 関節の分類」。guides.hostos.cuny.edu 。ホストスコミュニティ カレッジ図書館。2023年5 月 21 日取得。
↑ Lawry, George V. (2006年1月1日). 「関節の解剖学、一般的考察、および関節検査の原則」 .第1章 - 関節の解剖学、一般的考察、および関節検査の原則. Mosby. pp. 1–6 . doi : 10.1016/B978-0-323-03003-8.50005-2 . ISBN978-0-323-03003-82023年5月21日に取得。{{cite book}}:|website=無視されました (ヘルプ)
↑ Betts, J. Gordon (2013). "9.1 関節の分類".解剖学と生理学. ヒューストン、テキサス州: OpenStax. ISBN978-1-947172-04-32023年5月14日に取得。
↑ Jacobson, Jon A.; Girish, Gandikota; Jiang, Yebin; Sabb, Brian J. (2008). "関節炎の放射線学的評価:変性関節疾患とその変異". Radiology . 248 (3): 737– 747. doi : 10.1148/radiol.2483062112 . ISSN 0033-8419 . PMID 18710973 .
↑ Lequesne, M (2004). "正常な股関節腔:223枚の骨盤X線写真における幅、形状、構造の変動" . Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases . 63 (9): 1145– 1151. doi : 10.1136/ard.2003.018424 . ISSN 0003-4967 . PMC 1755132 . PMID 15308525 .
↑ Roland W. Moskowitz (2007). Osteoarthritis: Diagnosis and Medical/surgical Management, LWW Doody's all reviewed collection . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p . 6. ISBN978-0-7817-6707-1。
↑ 「肩関節腔」。radref.org 。, in turn citing: Petersson, Claes J.; Redlund-Johnell, Inga (2009). "Joint Space in Normal Gleno-Humeral Radiographs". Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 54 (2): 274–276. doi:10.3109/17453678308996569. ISSN0001-6470. PMID6846006.
↑Massilla Mani, F.; Sivasubramanian, S. Satha (2016). "A study of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis using computed tomographic imaging". Biomedical Journal. 39 (3): 201–206. doi:10.1016/j.bj.2016.06.003. ISSN2319-4170. PMC6138784. PMID27621122.
12Nygaard, Gyrid; Firestein, Gary S. (2020). "Restoring synovial homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting fibroblast-like synoviocytes". Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 16 (6): 316–333. doi:10.1038/s41584-020-0413-5. PMC7987137. PMID32393826.
↑Sharma, Neelima; Haridy, Yara; Shubin, Neil (2025-02-25). Cooper, Kimberly L. (ed.). "Synovial joints were present in the common ancestor of jawed fish but lacking in jawless fish". PLOS Biology. 23 (2) e3002990. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002990. ISSN1545-7885. PMC11856278. PMID39999036.
↑Crump, J. Gage (2025-02-26). "Evolutionary origin of lubricated joints at the dawn of jawed vertebrates". PLOS Biology. 23 (2) e3003044. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3003044. ISSN1545-7885. PMC11864516.
Sources
This article incorporates text from a free content work.Licensed under CC BY 4.0.Text taken from Anatomy and Physiology,J. Gordon Betts et al.,Openstax.
Category:
Joints
Hidden categories:
Articles with short description
Short description matches Wikidata
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012