ウラボシ目

Despite being the most diverse order of ferns, they appeared relatively late in the evolutionary history of the group, during the Early Cretaceous, and diversified substantially throughout the period.^[12]

The division of the Polypodiales into families has changed somewhat between the pioneering work of Smith et al. (2006) and the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group's classification of 2016, with a general increase in the number of divisions recognized, albeit sometimes at different ranks. The table below summarizes four systems; families are listed alphabetically within three broad groups. Although the same families are used in more than one system, circumscriptions may differ. Christenhusz and Chase in 2014 used a very broad circumscription of Aspleniaceae and Polypodiaceae, reducing families used in other systems to subfamilies.

Smith et al. (2006) divided the Polypodiales into fifteen families,^[9] a practice continued in their 2008 revision,^[13] with members of the eupolypods placed in two unranked clades. The families are listed in the table. While many of these families had previously been recognized with similar circumscriptions, the authors noted that Dryopteridaceae was more narrowly bounded than in historical circumscriptions, which had included their Tectariaceae, Onocleaceae and Woodsiaceae. The circumscription of Lomariopsidaceae changed dramatically, with most historical genera of that family (except Lomariopsis and Thysanosoria) being moved to Dryopteridaceae, while Cyclopeltis and Nephrolepis were added. Saccolomataceae were removed from the dennstaedtioids. Cystodium was tentatively placed in Lindsaeaceae, away from its historical position with the tree ferns. Woodsiaceae was acknowledged to be of uncertain circumscription and perhaps paraphyletic; the inclusion of Hypodematium, Didymochlaena, and Leucostegia perhaps also rendering Dryopteridaceae paraphyletic. The grammitids were included in Polypodiaceae to render that family monophyletic.^[9]

The linear sequence of Christenhusz et al. (2011), intended for compatibility with the classification of Chase and Reveal (2009),^[10] incorporated new phylogenetic evidence to make several changes at the familial level, resulting in an expansion to 23 families. Lonchitis and Cystodium were removed from the Lindsaeaceae and incorporated into new families, Lonchitidaceae and Cystodiaceae respectively. Within eupolypods I, Woodsiaceae proved to be paraphyletic and was reduced to the genera Cheilanthopsis, Hymenocystis, and Woodsia, while the remainder of its genera were removed to Cystopteridaceae, Diplaziopsidaceae, Rhachidosoraceae, Athyriaceae, and Hemidictyaceae. Within eupolypods II, Nephrolepis was placed in a new family, the Nephrolepidaceae, due to uncertainty in its phylogenetic placement, while Hypodematiaceae was split from Dryopteridaceae to contain the three problematic genera mentioned by Smith et al.^[11]

ChristenhuszとChase（2014）の分類では、「統合」によってこの目に認識されている科の数が8つに劇的に減少し、多くの科が亜科に縮小され、PolypodiaceaeとAspleniaceaeの範囲がそれぞれeupolypods Iとeupolypods IIのすべてを包含するように拡大されました。以前の科は亜科になりました（上の表を参照）。以前のHemidictyaceaeはAsplenioideaeに、OnocleaceaeはBlechnoideaeに含まれました。新しいPolypodiaceaeでは、Didymochlaenaは独自の亜科であるDidymochlaenoideaeに配置されました。^{[ 8 ]}

PPG I 分類 (2016 年) は、亜目という新しい階級を導入し、26 科 (場合によっては非常に狭く限定されている) を 6 亜目に整理することで、これまでの 2 つのアプローチの中間的なプロセスを採用し、2011 年に Christenhusz らが定めた科にほぼ回帰しました。Aspleniaceae と Polypodiaceae の拡大の代わりに、eupolypods I と II が亜目として認識され命名されました。^{[ 2 ] [ 8 ]}

• サッコロマティネア族は、サッコロマタ科という単一の科を含む。
• Lindsaeinaeは、SmithらによるLindseaceae科に相当し、Cystodiaceae科、Lindsaeaceae科、およびLonchitidaceae科を含む。おそらく単系統群ではない。
• Pteridineae には、Pteridaceae 科という単一の科が含まれる。
• Dennstaedtiineae には、Dennstaedtiaceae 科という単一の科が含まれる。
• Aspleniinae（旧eupolypods I）には、Cystopteridaceae、Rhachidosoraceae、Diplaziopsidaceae、 Desmophlebiaceae（Desmophlebiumのみを含む）、Hemidictyaceae、Aspleniaceae、Woodsiaceae、Onocleaceae、Blechnaceae、Athyriaceae、およびThelypteridaceaeの各科が含まれます。
• Polypodiineae（旧eupolypods II）には、 Didymochlaenaceae （ Didymochlaenaのみを含む）、Hypodematiaceae、Dryopteridaceae、Lomariopsidaceae、Nephrolepidaceae、Tectariaceae、Oleandraceae、Davalliaceae、およびPolypodiaceaeの各科が含まれます。

現在では廃止されたウラボシ目の科には以下が含まれる。

• Drynariaceae - now in Polypodiaceae
• Grammitidaceae - now in Polypodiaceae
• Gymnogrammitidaceae - now in Polypodiaceae
• Loxogrammaceae - now in Polypodiaceae
• Platyceriaceae - now in Polypodiaceae
• Pleursoriopsidaceae - now in Polypodiaceae
• Vittariaceae - now in Pteridaceae

Polypodiales may be regarded as one of the most evolutionarily advanced orders of monilophytes (ferns), based on recent genetic analysis. They arose and diversified about 100 million years ago, probably subsequent to the diversification of the angiosperms.^[16]