Niphon Kausokalybites (Greek: Όσιος Νήφων Καυσοκαλυβίτης, 1316–1411) was a Greek Orthodox Christian saint and monk. He is celebrated by the Eastern Orthodox Church on June 14.[1]
A Greek, Niphon was born in the village of Lukovë, Himarë municipality,[2][3][1] that time part of the Despotate of Epirus (modern south Albania). From an early age he went to the monastery of Geromerion (near Filiates) where he became a hesychast. Soon after he moved to the nearby monastery of Mesopotam, where he became a monk.[4]
Niphon went to the monastic state of Mount Athos sometime after 1335,[5] where he dedicated himself to asceticism, under the guidance of the monastic Elders, Neilos Erichiotes, Theognostos and Maximos Kausokalybites.[1][6] In 1345, Niphon was the protos of Mount Athos. At that time Athos came under the protection of the Serbian Tsar Stefan Dušan, who accused him for heresy and Bogomilism, but he was successfully defended by Gregory Palamas.[7] In 1347-8 Niphon was tried and deposed from his position as protos after being accused by fellow monks of heresy.[8] He was succeeded by the Serbian monk Antonios. His deposition is regarded as either part of the struggles between rival religious factions that predated the Serbian control of the Athonite community or attempts of Stefan Dušan to gain control of Athos by appointing a Serbian official as its head.[7][8] This intervention resulted in serious contradictions between the Greek dignitaries and the Serbs of Hilandar monastery of Athos.[9]
1355年から1363年の間に、ニフォンは再び異端の罪で告発された。彼の召使いバルダリウスが死ぬ前にエウキテ運動に参加したことを明かしたためである。しかし、カリストゥス総主教によって擁護された。当時の記録からは、ニフォンがエウキテ派であったのかヘシカスト派であったのかは不明であると考えられている。[ 10 ]ニフォンは1411年に亡くなるまで、残りの人生をヘシカストとして過ごした。[ 1 ]
ニフォンはまた、彼の精神的な師であるマクシモス・カウソカリビテスの最初の伝記の著者でもあった。[ 11 ]
Αργυρόκαστρο: Ο νέος ναός του Οσίου Νήφωνα από το Λουκόβο
ケイマラ近郊のルコヴォの聖ニフォン
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: 複数の名前: 著者リスト (リンク)