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The African Union Development Agency – Partnership for Africa's Development (AUDA-NEPAD) is an economic development program of the African Union (AU). NEPAD was adopted by the AU at the 37th session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government in July 2001 in Lusaka, Zambia. NEPAD aims to provide an overarching vision and policy framework for accelerating economic co-operation and integration among African countries.
NEPAD is a merger of two plans for the economic regeneration of Africa: the Millennium Partnership for the African Recovery Programme (MAP), led by Former President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa in conjunction with Former President Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria and President Abdelaziz Bouteflika of Algeria; and the OMEGA Plan for Africa developed by President Abdoulaye Wade of Senegal. At a summit in Sirte, Libya, March 2001, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) agreed that the MAP and OMEGA Plans should be merged.[1]
The UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) developed a "Compact for Africa’s Recovery" based on both these plans and on resolutions on Africa adopted by the United Nations Millennium Summit in September 2000, and submitted a merged document to the Conference of African Ministers of Finance and Ministers of Development and Planning in Algiers, May 2001.[2]
In July 2001, the OAU Assembly of Heads of State and Government meeting in Lusaka, Zambia, adopted this document under the name of the New African Initiative (NAI). The leaders of G8 countries endorsed the plan on July 20, 2001; and other international development partners, including the European Union, China, and Japan also made public statements indicating their support for the program. The Heads of State and Government Implementation Committee (HSGIC) for the project finalized the policy framework and named it the New Partnership for Africa's Development on 23 October 2001. NEPAD became a program of the African Union (AU) after it replaced the OAU in 2002, though it has its own secretariat based in South Africa to coordinate and implement its programmes.
NEPADの4つの主要目標は、貧困の根絶、持続可能な成長と発展の促進、アフリカの世界経済への統合、そして女性のエンパワーメントの加速です。NEPADは、良き統治、民主主義、人権、紛争解決へのコミットメントという基本原則に基づき、これらの基準の維持が投資と長期的な経済成長に資する環境の創出に不可欠であるという認識に基づいています。NEPADは、投資、資本の流れ、資金の増加を誘致し、地域レベルおよび国際レベルでのパートナーシップの基盤として、アフリカ主導の開発枠組みを提供することを目指しています。
2002年7月、ダーバンで開催されたアフリカ連合（AU）首脳会議は、NEPAD（アフリカ開発のための新パートナーシップ）に民主主義、政治、経済、企業統治に関する宣言を補足した。この宣言によれば、NEPADに参加する各国は「公正で、誠実で、透明性があり、説明責任を果たし、参加型の政府と、公的生活における誠実さを信じている」。したがって、各国は、とりわけ、法の支配、法の下のすべての市民の平等、個人および集団の自由、自由で信頼できる民主的な政治プロセスに参加する権利、そして司法の独立と議会の有効性の保護を含む権力分立の遵守を「新たな決意をもって実施する」ことを約束した。
民主主義、政治、経済、企業統治に関する宣言では、参加国に対し、その約束の遵守と履行を促進するためにアフリカ相互審査メカニズム（APRM）を設立することも約束した。2002年のダーバンサミットでは、相互審査の段階とAPRMの運営原則を概説した文書が採択され、2003年3月にアブジャで開催された会議では、相互審査を実施したい政府が署名する覚書を含む、さらなる主要文書が採択された。
Successive AU summits and meetings of the HSGIC have proposed the greater integration of NEPAD into the AU's structures and processes. In March 2007 there was a "brainstorming session" on NEPAD held in Algeria at which the future of NEPAD and its relationship with the AU was discussed by an ad hoc committee of heads of state. The committee again recommended the fuller integration of NEPAD with the AU.[3] In April 2008, a review summit of five heads of state—Presidents Mbeki of South Africa, Wade of Senegal, Bouteflika of Algeria, Mubarak of Egypt and Yar'Adua of Nigeria—met in Senegal with a mandate to consider the progress in implementing NEPAD and report to the next AU summit to be held in Egypt in July 2008.[4] In July 2018, the African Union (AU) Assembly approved the transformation of the NEPAD Planning and Coordinating Agency into the African Union Development Agency (AUDA-NEPAD), establishing it as the AU's technical body to drive the implementation of Agenda 2063.[5]
A 33-Member State sub-committee of the African Union Assembly of Heads of State and Government that provides the highest political leadership and strategic guidance on Agenda 2063 priority issues and reports its recommendations to the full Assembly for endorsement. The Chairperson of the AU Commission also participates in HSGOC Summits. The current (2025) Chairperson of the AUDA-NEPAD HSGOC is H.E. Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, President of the Arab Republic of Egypt.
There is also a Steering Committee, comprising 20 AU member states, to oversee the development of policies, programs and projects -this committee reports to the HSGIC.
The NEPAD Secretariat, renamed the NEPAD Planning and Coordinating Agency (NPCA), was later integrated into the African Union Development Agency (AUDA-NEPAD) and remains based in Midrand, South Africa. The NEPAD Secretariat is not responsible for the implementation of development programs itself, but works with the African Regional Economic Communities— the building blocks of the African Union.[6] The role of the NEPAD Secretariat is one of coordination and resource mobilisation.
Many individual African states have also established national NEPAD structures responsible for liaison with the continental initiatives on economic reform and development programs.
NEPADの8つの優先分野は、政治・経済・企業統治、農業、インフラ、教育、保健、科学技術、市場アクセスと観光、そして環境である。
NEPAD事務局と主要な支援者の主な任務は、設立後最初の数年間、NEPADの主要原則の普及と、各分野の優先事項に対する行動計画の策定でした。NEPADはまた、世界銀行、G8、欧州委員会、UNECAなどの国際開発金融機関や民間セクターとのパートナーシップの構築にも取り組みました。[ 13 ]
この初期段階の後、以下のようなより具体的なプログラムが策定されました。
NEPAD was initially met with a great deal of scepticism from much of civil society in Africa as playing into the 'Washington Consensus' model of economic development. In July 2002, members of some 40 African social movements, trade unions, youth and women's organizations, NGOs, religious organizations and others endorsed the African Civil Society Declaration on NEPAD[15] rejecting NEPAD; a similar hostile view was taken by African scholars and activist intellectuals in the 2002 Accra Declaration on Africa's Development Challenges.[16]
Part of the problem in this rejection was that the process by which NEPAD was adopted was insufficiently participatory—civil society was almost totally excluded from the discussions by which it came to be adopted.
More recently, NEPAD has also been criticised by some of its initial backers, including notably Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade, who accused NEPAD of wasting hundreds of millions of dollars and achieving nothing.[17] Like many other intergovernmental bodies, NEPAD suffers from slow decision-making,[18] and a relatively poorly resourced and often cumbersome implementing framework. The great lack of information about the day-to-day activities of the NEPAD secretariat—the website is notably uninformative—does not help its case.[19]
However, the program has also received some acceptance from those who were initially very critical, and, in general, has seen its status become less controversial as it becomes more established and its programs become more concrete. The aim of promoting greater regional integration and trade among African states is welcomed by many, even as the fundamental macroeconomic principles NEPAD endorses remain contested.[20]