Calidris is a genus of Arctic-breeding, strongly migratorywading birds in the family Scolopacidae. These birds form huge mixed flocks on coasts and estuaries in winter. They are small to medium-sized sandpipers, long-winged and relatively short-billed; some are difficult to identify because of the similarity between species, and various breeding, non-breeding, juvenile, and moulting plumages. With a few exceptions, they have a fairly stereotypical colour pattern, being brownish above and lighter, usually white or buffy coloured, on much of the underside. They often have a lighter supercilium above brownish cheeks.[2] The species are variously known in English as sandpipers or (particularly the smaller species) stints; some have their own unique names, with dunlin (a mediaeval name meaning "[small] brown bird"), knot (imitative of its call), ruff (named after its male display plumage), and sanderling and surfbird (named after their habitat and behaviour).[3] In North America, the smaller species are often known colloquially as peeps.
↑ Estrella, Sora M.; Masero, José A. (2007年11月1日). "水中で摂食する鳥類による遠位鰓運動の利用" . Journal of Experimental Biology . 210 (21): 3757– 3762. doi : 10.1242/jeb.007690 . ISSN 1477-9145 . 2026年2月24日取得.
