A suicide attempt is an act in which an individual tries to kill themselves but survives.[1][2]Mental health professionals discourage describing suicide attempts as "failed" or "unsuccessful", as doing so may imply that a suicide resulting in death is a successful or desirable outcome.[3][4][5][6]
Epidemiology
In the United States, the National Institute of Mental Health reports there are 11 nonfatal suicide attempts for every suicide death.[7] The American Association of Suicidology reports higher numbers, stating that there are 25 suicide attempts for every suicide completion.[8] The ratio of suicide attempts to suicide death is about 25:1 in youths, compared to about 4:1 in elderly.[9] A 2008 review found that nonfatal self-injury is more common in women,[10] and a separate study from 2008/2009 found suicidal thoughts higher among females, as well as significant differences between genders for suicide planning and suicide attempts.[11]
Suicide attempts are more common among adolescents in developing countries than developed ones. A 12-month prevalence of suicide attempt in developing countries between 2003 and 2015 was reported as 17%.[12]
Parasuicide and self-injury
Without commonly agreed-upon operational definitions, some suicidology researchers regard many suicide attempts as parasuicide (para- meaning near)[13] or self harm behavior, rather than "true" suicide attempts, if they were performed without the intention to die.[14][15]
Methods
Overdosing on medication is the most common method used in suicide attempts, but this method rarely results in death.
↑ Spicer, Rebecca S.; Miller, Ted R. (2000年12月) 「8州における自殺行為:人口統計と方法別の発生率と致死率」 American Journal of Public Health . 90 (12): 1885–1891 . doi : 10.2105/ ajph.90.12.1885 . PMC 1446422. PMID 11111261.表1
↑ Mishara, BL; Weisstub, DN (2016). "自殺の法的地位:世界的なレビュー". International Journal of Law and Psychiatry . 44 : 54–74 . doi : 10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.08.032 . PMID 26375452. S2CID 205283662 .
↑Hjelmeland, Heidi; Kinyanda, Eugene; Knizek, Birthe Loa (2012). "Mental health workers' views on the criminalization of suicidal behaviour in Uganda". Medicine, Science and the Law. 52 (3): 148–151. doi:10.1258/msl.2012.011107. PMID22528562. S2CID7820312.
↑Hjelmeland, H; Osafo, J; Akotia, C. S.; Knizek, B. L. (2014). "The law criminalizing attempted suicide in Ghana: The views of clinical psychologists, emergency ward nurses, and police officers". Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention. 35 (2): 132–36. doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000235. PMID24197485.
↑Andrews, Abby (March 1, 2018). "Rare attempted suicide charge goes through Caroline court". Kent County News. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020.
↑Dufour, Christine B. (March 7, 2018). "Attempted suicide likely not a crime". The Star Democrat. Archived from the original on August 24, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
↑Fenton, Justine (February 23, 2018). "Attempting suicide is not a crime under Maryland law. But an Eastern Shore man was convicted of it". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021.
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