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The Exposition Universelle of 1855 (French pronunciation:[ɛkspozisjɔ̃ynivɛʁsɛl]), better known in English as the 1855 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, France, from 15 May to 15 November 1855. Its full official title was the Exposition Universelle des produits de l'Agriculture, de l'Industrie et des Beaux-Arts de Paris 1855.[1] It was the first of ten major expositions held in the city between 1855 and 1937.[a] Nowadays, the exposition's sole physical remnant is the Théâtre du Rond-Point des Champs-Élysées, designed by architect Gabriel Davioud, which originally housed the Panorama National.
The exposition was a major event in France, then newly under the reign of EmperorNapoleon III.[2] It followed London's Great Exhibition of 1851 and attempted to surpass that fair's Crystal Palace with its own Palais de l'Industrie.
The arts displayed were shown in a separate pavilion on Avenue Montaigne.[3] There were works from artists from 29 countries, including French artists François Rude, Ingres, Delacroix[3] and Henri Lehmann,[4] and British artists William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais.[3] However, Gustave Courbet, having had several of his paintings rejected, exhibited in a temporary Pavillon du Réalisme adjacent to the official show.
According to its official report, 5,162,330 visitors attended the exposition, of whom about 4.2 million entered the industrial exposition and 900,000 entered the Beaux Arts exposition.[1] Expenses amounted to upward of $5,000,000, while receipts were scarcely one-tenth of that amount. The exposition covered 16 hectares (40 acres) with 34 countries participating.[1]
博覧会のために、ナポレオン3世は、世界中から訪れる人々に展示されるフランス最高のボルドーワインの格付けシステムを要求した。ワイン業界の仲買人は、当時品質と直接関係していたシャトーの評判と取引価格に基づいてワインをランク付けした。その結果、1855年に重要なボルドーワイン公式格付けが制定された。[ 5 ]
1855年の博覧会では、現代の発明品の初期バージョンが数多く展示された。博覧会では、史上初の芝刈り機、ムーアの洗濯機、初の非工業用ミシン、初期の石油動力自動車の1つ、サミュエル・コルトのリボルバー、そして1日に5万杯のコーヒーを製造できるエドゥアール・ロワゼル・ド・サンタイの静水圧式パーコレーターなどが展示された。 [ 6 ]