In United States patent law, an interference proceeding, also known as a priority contest, is an inter partes proceeding to determine the priority issues of multiple patent applications. Unlike in most other countries, which have long had a first-to-file system, until the enactment of the Leahy–Smith America Invents Act (AIA) in 2011, the United States operated under a first-to-invent. The interference proceeding determines which of several patent applications had been made by the first inventor.
The AIA switched the US to a first-to-file regime effective March 16, 2013,[1] and interferences apply only to patent applications with an effective filing date prior to that change.
An interference proceeding is an administrative proceeding conducted by a panel of administrative patent judges (administrative law judges sitting on the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences) of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to determine which applicant is not entitled to the patent if both claimed the same invention in:
A panel, composed of judges on the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences, a quasi-judicial body in the USPTO, hears an interference contest. Its final judgment adjudicating one party as an earlier inventor is called a priority award, or simply an award. Appeals from this tribunal are heard before either the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. See 35 U.S.C. § 144, 35 U.S.C. § 146.
At least two parties are involved in an interference proceeding: the inventor(s) or applicant(s) who filed an earlier patent application are called the "senior party", and the other inventor(s) or applicant(s) are called the "junior party". Both parties can be referred as "contestants", but that term is currently more likely to be used to describe the junior party.
推定事項は37 CFR 41.207(a)に記載されています。
2011年9月16日、オバマ大統領はリーヒー・スミス米国発明法に署名し、同法は成立した。同法の一部は、米国の特許制度を先発明主義から先願主義に変更した。[ 2 ] そのため、2013年3月16日以降に有効な出願日を持つ特許出願に対する抵触訴訟は、米国特許法から削除された。[ 3 ]特許法では抵触訴訟に代わって派生訴訟が導入されているが、派生訴訟をめぐる紛争は抵触訴訟をめぐる紛争とは無関係である。