There have been many studies of AMCT, including case reports, clinical studies, and controlled trials, but there are still unanswered questions. A few low-quality studies have suggested that the activator may be as effective as manual adjustment in the treatment of back pain.[20] A single high-quality study has suggested that activator-assisted manipulation directed by leg-length testing was significantly inferior to manual spinal manipulation guided by palpation and was more similar to the use of paracetamol for the treatment of low back pain.[25]
Graston technique
Graston Technique (GT) is a trademarked therapeutic method for diagnosing and treating disorders of the skeletal muscles and related connective tissue. The method was started by David Graston and employs a collection of six stainless steel instruments of particular shape and size, which are used by practitioners to rub [26] patients' muscles in order to detect and resolve adhesions in the muscles and tendons.[27] Practitioners must be licensed by the parent corporation (Graston Technique, LLC.) in order to use the Graston Technique trademark or the patented instruments.[28]
Several examples of Graston treatment have been used in contact sports where scars and contusions are common.[29] However, the Graston Technique has not been rigorously scientifically tested and its evidence basis and assumptions are considered questionable at best. There are no high quality clinical trials that validate the efficacy of the Graston Techniques.[30]
1 2 Francis RS (2005). "麻酔下での手技:歴史的考察" . International MUA Academy of Physicians. 2020年1月13日のオリジナルからアーカイブ済み。 2008年7月6日取得。
1 2 Ernst E (2008). "カイロプラクティック:批判的評価" . J Pain Symptom Manage . 35 (5): 544– 62. doi : 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.07.004 . PMID 18280103 .
1 2 3 Ernst, E (2007年7月) 「脊椎マニピュレーションの有害作用:系統的レビュー」 Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine . 100 (7): 330–8 . doi : 10.1177/014107680710000716 . ISSN 0141-0768 . PMC 1905885 . PMID 17606755 .
Christian Nordqvist (2007-07-02). 「脊椎マニピュレーションは日常的に使用すべきではない、新たな研究が警告」 . Med News Today .
1 2 3 E Ernst (2010). "カイロプラクティック後の死亡:発表された症例のレビュー" . Int J Clin Pract . 64 (8): 1162– 1165. doi : 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02352.x . PMID 20642715 . S2CID 45225661 .
↑Mykietiuk C, Wambolt M, Pillipow T, Mallay C, Gleberzon BJ (2009). "Technique Systems used by post-1980 graduates of the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College practicing in five Canadian provinces: a preliminary survey". Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association. 53 (1): 32–39. PMC2652629. PMID19421351.
↑Senzon, Simon A. (December 2018). "The Chiropractic Vertebral Subluxation Part 5: The First Research Era From 1928 to 1949". Journal of Chiropractic Humanities. 25: 67–85. doi:10.1016/j.echu.2018.10.004. PMC6472114. PMID31019421.
↑Stephenson, R. W. (January 1, 1948). Chiropractic Text Book (2nded.). The Palmer School of Chiropractic.
↑Eriksen K. Upper Cervical Subluxation Complex. A review of the chiropractic and medical literature. LWW, 2004; p. vii
↑D W Rhodes, E R Mansfield, P A Bishop, J F Smith. The validity of the prone leg check as an estimate of standing leg length inequality measured by X-ray.Archived 2011-05-22 at the Wayback MachineJ Manipulative Physiol Ther; 18 (6):343-6
↑Hanada E, Kirby RL, Mitchell M, Swuste JM (Jul 2001). "Measuring leg-length discrepancy by the "iliac crest palpation and book correction" method: reliability and validity". Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 82 (7): 938–42. doi:10.1053/apmr.2001.22622. PMID11441382. Archived from the original on 2011-05-22.
↑Christensen MG, Kollasch MW (2005). "Professional functions and treatment procedures"(PDF). Job Analysis of Chiropractic. Greeley, CO: National Board of Chiropractic Examiners. pp.121–38. ISBN978-1-884457-05-0. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2016-05-05.
↑Schneider, M; etal. (2015). "Comparison of spinal manipulation methods and usual medical care for acute and subacute low back pain: a randomized clinical trial". Spine. 40 (4): 209–217. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000000724. PMC4326596. PMID25423308.
↑Zachary Lewis (2012). "Graston Technique gives muscles a sharp workout: Stretching Out".
↑About the Graston Technique, archived from the original on 2016-03-14, retrieved 2008-10-11
↑US 5231977,Graston,"Tools and method for performing soft tissue massage",issued 3 August 1993
↑Lauzon, L (2013-03-15). "Joe Lauzon chooses the Graston Technique for combat injury treatment". lutamma.com. Retrieved 2013-03-15.
↑Hall, H (2009-12-29). "The Graston Technique – Inducing Microtrauma with Instruments". sciencebasedmedicine.org. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
12"Lake Mills Family Chiropractic practices new method". AlbertLeaTribune. October 15, 2009.
12Editorial Board (29 January 2009). "Koren Specific Technique Not Chiropractic? WFC Alleges "Serious Professional Misconduct"". Dynamic Chiropractic. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
↑Gleberzon, Brian; Stuber, Kent (2013). "Frequency of use of diagnostic and manual therapeutic procedures of the spine taught at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College: A preliminary survey of Ontario chiropractors. Part 1 – practice characteristics and demographic profiles"(PDF). J Can Chiropr Assoc. 57 (1): 32–41. PMC3581001. PMID23482716. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
↑Hawk C, Long CR, Boulanger KT (2001). "relevance of nonmusculoskeletal complaints in chiropractic practice: report from a practice-based research program". J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 24 (3): 157–169. doi:10.1067/mmt.2001.113776. PMID11313611.
↑Dagenais S, Gay RE, Tricco AC, Freeman MD, Mayer JM (2010). "NASS Contemporary Concepts in Spine Care: Spinal manipulation therapy for acute low back pain". Spine J. 10 (10): 918–940. doi:10.1016/j.spinee.2010.07.389. PMID20869008.
12Bronfort G, Haas M, Evans R, Leininger B, Triano J (2010). "Effectiveness of manual therapies: the UK evidence report". Chiropractic & Osteopathy. 18 (3) 3. doi:10.1186/1746-1340-18-3. PMC2841070. PMID20184717.
↑Koes, BW; van Tulder, M; Lin, CW; Macedo, LG; McAuley, J; Maher, C (December 2010). "An updated overview of clinical guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care". European Spine Journal. 19 (12): 2075–94. doi:10.1007/s00586-010-1502-y. PMC2997201. PMID20602122.
↑ Leininger B、Bronfort G、Evans R、Reiter T (2011)。「神経根症に対する脊椎マニピュレーションまたはモビリゼーション:系統的レビュー」。Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am。22 ( 1 ): 105–25。doi : 10.1016 /j.pmr.2010.11.002。PMID 21292148。
↑ Pribicevic, M.; Pollard, H.; Bonello, R.; De Luca, K. (2010). "肩の痛みの治療のためのマニピュレーション療法の系統的レビュー". Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics . 33 (9): 679– 689. doi : 10.1016/j.jmpt.2010.08.019 . PMID 21109059 .
12Anderson-Peacock E, Blouin JS, Bryans R, etal. (2005). "Chiropractic clinical practice guideline: evidence-based treatment of adult neck pain not due to whiplash". J Can Chiropr Assoc. 49 (3): 158–209. PMC1839918. PMID17549134. and Anderson-Peacock E, Bryans B, Descarreaux M, etal. (2008). "A Clinical Practice Guideline Update from The CCA•CFCREAB-CPG"(PDF). J Can Chiropr Assoc. 52 (1): 7–8. PMC2258235. PMID18327295. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2010-09-05.
↑Ernst E, Posadzki P (2012). "Reporting of adverse effects in randomised clinical trials of chiropractic manipulations: a systematic review". N Z Med J. 125 (1353): 87–140. PMID22522273.
↑Hurwitz EL, Morgenstern H, Vassilaki M, Chiang LM (July 2005). "Frequency and clinical predictors of adverse reactions to chiropractic care in the UCLA neck pain study". Spine. 30 (13): 1477–84. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000167821.39373.c1. PMID15990659. S2CID45678522.
↑Thiel HW, Bolton JE, Docherty S, Portlock JC (2007). "Safety of chiropractic manipulation of the cervical spine: a prospective national survey". Spine. 32 (21): 2375–8. doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181557bb1. PMID17906581. S2CID42353750.
↑Haynes MJ, Vincent K, Fischhoff C, Bremner AP, Lanlo O, Hankey GJ (2012). "Assessing the risk of stroke from neck manipulation: a systematic review". International Journal of Clinical Practice. 66 (10): 940–947. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2012.03004.x. PMC3506737. PMID22994328.
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